US3959321A - Stabilized fatty acids - Google Patents
Stabilized fatty acids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3959321A US3959321A US05/469,440 US46944074A US3959321A US 3959321 A US3959321 A US 3959321A US 46944074 A US46944074 A US 46944074A US 3959321 A US3959321 A US 3959321A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- fatty acids
- group
- alkali metal
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0071—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing halogens, sulfur or phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the stabilization of fatty acids to prevent oxidation and decolorization thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the use of particular potassium salts of organic phosphorus compounds to stabilize fatty acids.
- fatty acids refers to long chain saturated and unsaturated aliphatic, mono-carboxy acids having a carbon chain length of from C 6 to C 24 .
- the color of fatty acids is important because many fatty acids find extensive use in products like cosmetics, resinous coatings and food, where whiteness or lightness of color is important. It is well known that fatty acids tend to decolorize upon standing. It is believed that the decolorization is due to oxidation of the fatty acids. All fatty acids have some tendency to combine with oxygen to form impurities which are objectionable from the color or odor standpoint. This tendency is lesser for the long chain saturated acids except at elevated temperatures. It is more pronounced with short chain fatty acids and particularly with the unsaturated fatty acids. The reaction is catalyzed by traces of the metal salts of iron or copper. Various antioxidant materials have been used and have been proposed for the purpose of stabilizing fatty acids. However, the proposed antioxidant materials have not proved completely satisfactory and it would be desirable to provide improved stabilizers for fatty acids to prevent decolorization and oxidation of the fatty acids during storage, and particularly during heating of the fatty acids.
- fatty acids are stabilized by adding to the fatty acids an effective amount of an alkali metal salt of particular organic phosphate esters.
- the stabilizer of the present invention contains from about 5 to about 15 percent phosphorus and from about 10 to about 30 percent alkali metal, with the balance being derived from organic alcohols, all percentages being by weight on a water-free basis.
- the stabilizer is usually used in the form of an aqueous solution containing from about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of the stabilizer.
- R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl-phenyl or M.
- R 2 is ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene or butylene isomers.
- X is a number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10 and more preferably from 1 to 6.
- Y is hydrogen or M and at least one Y is M.
- Z is a number from 1 to 5.
- R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen, alkali metal, H--CHOY-- Z or R 1 --OR 2 -- X ; at least one R 3 or R 4 must be an alkali metal.
- alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters of the present invention useful as stabilizers of fatty acids, are most clearly described by reference to the materials and reaction for preparing the esters.
- the stabilizers are prepared by the condensation reaction of a phosphorus compound with particular alcohols, followed by neutralization with an alkali metal base.
- the phosphorus must be in the pentavalent state to effect the condensation reaction. Particularly suitable are the use of phosphorus compounds in the pentavalent state. However, phosphorus compounds having phosphorus present in a lower oxidation state may be used if an oxidizing agent is provided during the reaction.
- the phosphorus compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide and inorganic phosphorus salts, such as potassium monohydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
- R 1 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl-phenyl and mixtures thereof.
- R 2 is selected from ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, butylene isomers and mixtures thereof and X is a number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10 and more preferably from 1 to 6.
- alcohol ethers of the class described are characterized by the term "polyalkylene alcohols". Generally polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is above about 6 do not provide any improved results over polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is 6 or less. For reasons of stability, therefore, it is preferred to use polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is from 1 to 6.
- Organic phosphate esters prepared from polyalkylene alcohols are generally characterized by formula 1, hereinabove.
- Polyols having a carbon chain length of C 2 to C 6 and mixtures thereof are used to provide organic phosphate esters of the type generally characterized by formula 2, hereinabove.
- Preferred polyols are ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, adonitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol and mixtures thereof.
- polystylene glycol pentaerythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3,-butanediol, 1,4,-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,6,-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, and mixtures thereof.
- the alcohol is added to the phosphorus-containing compound and the mixture is thereafter maintained at a temperature of from about 25°C. to about 120°C. and maintained at that temperature for a period of time. Generally a reaction period of from about 1/2 hour to about 4 hours is sufficient to form the organic phosphate esters.
- a condenser is used to return condensate to the reaction if the temperature of the reaction is above the boiling point of the alcohol.
- the phosphorus compound is present at a level sufficient to establish from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight, dry basis, of phosphorus in the final stabilizer product.
- the solution is then cooled to a temperature in the range of from about 5° to about 40°C. and an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide is added to the organic phosphate ester at a level sufficient to neutralize the mixture and provide the alkali metal ion at a level sufficient to establish the desired amount of alkali metal ion in the final product.
- aqueous alkali metal hydroxide is added to the organic phosphate ester at a level sufficient to neutralize the mixture and provide the alkali metal ion at a level sufficient to establish the desired amount of alkali metal ion in the final product.
- Preferred alkali metal ions for reasons of economy and availability are potassium and sodium. Particularly preferred is potassium.
- Particular alcohols which have been found suitable for providing the organic phosphate esters of the present invention are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, penta-erythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3,-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol monocresyl ether, di-, tri
- alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters found suitable as stabilizers for fatty acids in the present invention are characterized in industry as being surfactants. It is a surprising result of the present invention that such surfactant materials can be used as stabilizers to prevent oxidation and darkening of fatty acids. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the phosphate component of the stabilizer is the active agent and that the organic material in combination with the alkali metal act as catalysts and provide a synergistic effect which improves the usefulness of the phosphate as a stabilizer. This improved effect is not provided by adding the separate materials, in the form of alkali metal salts, phosphate salts and alcohol, separately. That is, the improved effect is provided by using alkali metal salts of particular organic phosphate esters and not by the mere presence of the individual compounds alone.
- the stabilizers of the present invention are useful for stabilizing both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain length of C 6 to C 24 .
- the stabilizers are particularly useful to stabilize saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain length of C 12 to C 20 .
- 0.04 percent by weight of the stabilizer was added to various lots of a mixed fatty acid.
- the fatty acid contained 1 percent of myristic acid, 49 percent of stearic acid and 50 percent of palmitic acid.
- the fatty acid with the various stabilizers added thereto was subjected to a high temperature air-oxidation stability test.
- the fatty acid with the stabilizer present was added to an air-oxidation stability tube at a level of 25.2 grams. The tube was placed in an oil bath for 2 hours at 205° ⁇ 2°C. Dried air was blown over the fatty acid at a rate of 0.2 standard cubic feet per hour during the 2 hours.
- a light transmission value at 440 millimicrons in excess of about 70 is desirable for the fatty acids.
- Preferred is a light transmission value of at least about 75 at 440 millimicrons.
- Particularly preferred is an absolute transmission value of at least about 80, however an improvement in light transmission value of 10 percent or more over the control is considered acceptable in terms of characterizing the stabilizer material as an effective stabilizer.
- all of the organic phosphate esters described in Table 1 are capable of providing light transmission values in excess of 75 at 440 millimicrons.
- Particularly preferred phosphate esters for use as stabilizers for fatty acids in accordance with the present invention are those prepared from polyalkylene glycol mono-cresyl or mono-ethyl phenyl ethers which contain two, three or four alkylene oxide repeating units.
- diethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers, tri-ethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers and tetraethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers are preferred for producing the phosphate esters of the present invention.
- a particularly suitable stabilizer for use in the present invention is available under the trade name Triton H-66 from the Rohm and Haas Chemical Company.
- Other suitable commercially available alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters are obtainable under the trade names Tanaterge 43 from Tanatex Chemical Company and Atlas G-2200, available from Atlas Chemical Industries. Light transmission values, after the high temperature air-oxidation test described in Example 1 for these three stabilizers are set forth below in Table 2.
- Stabilizers of the present invention are extremely effective and only small amounts are required to effect stabilization of fatty acids.
- the stabilizers are generally added at a level of from about .005 percent to about .05 percent by weight, dry basis, based on the weight of the fatty acids. Higher levels can be used but there is a tendency to exceed the solubility of the stabilizer in the fatty acid and reduce the light transmission value of 550 millimicrons.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Fatty acids are stabilized by adding to the fatty acid an effective amount of an alkali metal salt of particular organic phosphate esters. The stabilizer contains from about 5 to 15 percent phosphorus and from about 10 to about 30 percent alkali metal, with the balance being derived from organic alcohols.
Description
The present invention is a continuation of U.S. patent application Serial No. 346,336, filed Mar. 30, 1973 now abandoned.
The present invention relates generally to the stabilization of fatty acids to prevent oxidation and decolorization thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the use of particular potassium salts of organic phosphorus compounds to stabilize fatty acids.
As used herein the term "fatty acids" refers to long chain saturated and unsaturated aliphatic, mono-carboxy acids having a carbon chain length of from C6 to C24.
The color of fatty acids is important because many fatty acids find extensive use in products like cosmetics, resinous coatings and food, where whiteness or lightness of color is important. It is well known that fatty acids tend to decolorize upon standing. It is believed that the decolorization is due to oxidation of the fatty acids. All fatty acids have some tendency to combine with oxygen to form impurities which are objectionable from the color or odor standpoint. This tendency is lesser for the long chain saturated acids except at elevated temperatures. It is more pronounced with short chain fatty acids and particularly with the unsaturated fatty acids. The reaction is catalyzed by traces of the metal salts of iron or copper. Various antioxidant materials have been used and have been proposed for the purpose of stabilizing fatty acids. However, the proposed antioxidant materials have not proved completely satisfactory and it would be desirable to provide improved stabilizers for fatty acids to prevent decolorization and oxidation of the fatty acids during storage, and particularly during heating of the fatty acids.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide stabilized fatty acids. It is another object of the present invention to provide particular potassium salts of organic phosphorus compounds which are effective stabilizers for fatty acids. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for stabilizing fatty acids against darkening and oxidation, particularly during heating. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing decolorization of fatty acids by adding a potassium salt of organic phosphorus compounds thereto.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description.
Generally, in accordance with various features of the present invention, fatty acids are stabilized by adding to the fatty acids an effective amount of an alkali metal salt of particular organic phosphate esters. Generally, the stabilizer of the present invention contains from about 5 to about 15 percent phosphorus and from about 10 to about 30 percent alkali metal, with the balance being derived from organic alcohols, all percentages being by weight on a water-free basis. The stabilizer is usually used in the form of an aqueous solution containing from about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of the stabilizer.
The exact structure of the organic phosphate esters of the present invention is not known. However, it is believed that the structure of most of the organic phosphate esters suitable for use as stabilizers for fatty acids is approximately in accordance with the following formulae: ##EQU1## R1 is hydrogen, C1 to C4 alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl-phenyl or M. R2 is ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene or butylene isomers. X is a number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10 and more preferably from 1 to 6. Y is hydrogen or M and at least one Y is M. Z is a number from 1 to 5. R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkali metal, H--CHOY--Z or R1 --OR2 --X ; at least one R3 or R4 must be an alkali metal.
The alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters of the present invention, useful as stabilizers of fatty acids, are most clearly described by reference to the materials and reaction for preparing the esters. In general, the stabilizers are prepared by the condensation reaction of a phosphorus compound with particular alcohols, followed by neutralization with an alkali metal base.
The phosphorus must be in the pentavalent state to effect the condensation reaction. Particularly suitable are the use of phosphorus compounds in the pentavalent state. However, phosphorus compounds having phosphorus present in a lower oxidation state may be used if an oxidizing agent is provided during the reaction.
The phosphorus compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide and inorganic phosphorus salts, such as potassium monohydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The alcohols useful in effecting the condensation reaction to provide the organic phosphate esters are selected from alcohol ethers and polyols. The alcohol ethers which are useful have the formula:
R.sub.1 --OR.sub.2 --.sub.X OH
where R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1 to C4 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl-phenyl and mixtures thereof. R2 is selected from ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, butylene isomers and mixtures thereof and X is a number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10 and more preferably from 1 to 6. As used herein, alcohol ethers of the class described are characterized by the term "polyalkylene alcohols". Generally polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is above about 6 do not provide any improved results over polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is 6 or less. For reasons of stability, therefore, it is preferred to use polyalkylene alcohols wherein X is from 1 to 6. Organic phosphate esters prepared from polyalkylene alcohols are generally characterized by formula 1, hereinabove.
Polyols having a carbon chain length of C2 to C6 and mixtures thereof are used to provide organic phosphate esters of the type generally characterized by formula 2, hereinabove. Preferred polyols are ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, adonitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol and mixtures thereof. Other suitable polyols are propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3,-butanediol, 1,4,-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,6,-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, and mixtures thereof.
In preparing the organic phosphate esters, the alcohol is added to the phosphorus-containing compound and the mixture is thereafter maintained at a temperature of from about 25°C. to about 120°C. and maintained at that temperature for a period of time. Generally a reaction period of from about 1/2 hour to about 4 hours is sufficient to form the organic phosphate esters. A condenser is used to return condensate to the reaction if the temperature of the reaction is above the boiling point of the alcohol. The phosphorus compound is present at a level sufficient to establish from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight, dry basis, of phosphorus in the final stabilizer product.
The solution is then cooled to a temperature in the range of from about 5° to about 40°C. and an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide is added to the organic phosphate ester at a level sufficient to neutralize the mixture and provide the alkali metal ion at a level sufficient to establish the desired amount of alkali metal ion in the final product. Preferred alkali metal ions for reasons of economy and availability are potassium and sodium. Particularly preferred is potassium.
Particular alcohols which have been found suitable for providing the organic phosphate esters of the present invention are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, penta-erythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3,-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol monocresyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-ethylene glycol mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ether, the propylene, isopropylene and butylene equivalents of the aforementioned glycol phenyl ethers, the aforementioned alcohol ethers and mixtures thereof.
Many of the alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters found suitable as stabilizers for fatty acids in the present invention are characterized in industry as being surfactants. It is a surprising result of the present invention that such surfactant materials can be used as stabilizers to prevent oxidation and darkening of fatty acids. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the phosphate component of the stabilizer is the active agent and that the organic material in combination with the alkali metal act as catalysts and provide a synergistic effect which improves the usefulness of the phosphate as a stabilizer. This improved effect is not provided by adding the separate materials, in the form of alkali metal salts, phosphate salts and alcohol, separately. That is, the improved effect is provided by using alkali metal salts of particular organic phosphate esters and not by the mere presence of the individual compounds alone.
The stabilizers of the present invention are useful for stabilizing both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain length of C6 to C24. The stabilizers are particularly useful to stabilize saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain length of C12 to C20.
The following examples illustrate various features of the present invention but are intended in no way to limit the scope of the invention which is set forth in the accompanying claims.
38.7 grams of various alcohols were added to 15.8 grams of polyphosphoric acid in a reaction flask. The alcohol was added under stirring conditions and the mixture was maintained at less than 40°C. under a nitrogen blanket as the alcohol was added. Thereafter, the temperature of the mixture was raised to 105°-110°C. and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours under refluxing conditions. The solution was then cooled to 40°C. and 73.8 grams of 24.4 percent by weight aqueous potassium hydroxide was added to the solution at a rate so that the solution temperature remains in the range of from 25°C. to 40°C. The stabilizer material was then ready to use.
For one example, 8.23 grams of potassium mono-hydrogen phosphate and 3.31 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was added to 13.26 grams of diethylene glycol and 25.20 grams of distilled water. The mixture was maintained at 90°-100°C. for 2 hours.
0.04 percent by weight of the stabilizer was added to various lots of a mixed fatty acid. The fatty acid contained 1 percent of myristic acid, 49 percent of stearic acid and 50 percent of palmitic acid. Thereafter, the fatty acid with the various stabilizers added thereto was subjected to a high temperature air-oxidation stability test. In this test the fatty acid with the stabilizer present was added to an air-oxidation stability tube at a level of 25.2 grams. The tube was placed in an oil bath for 2 hours at 205°±2°C. Dried air was blown over the fatty acid at a rate of 0.2 standard cubic feet per hour during the 2 hours. After 2 hours, light transmission readings, expressed as percent, are taken at two different wave lengths, namely 440 millimicrons and 550 millimicrons. The higher the percent transmission of light at the two wave lengths, the less oxidation and darkening of the fatty acid has occurred.
Set forth below in Table 1 are the results for various organic phosphate esters.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
Phosphorous
Percent Transmission
Sample No.
Alcohol Source at 440mμ
at 550μ
__________________________________________________________________________
Control
No stabilizer 61 89
(avg of 3 runs)
1 Ethylene glycol
Polyphosphoric
77 95
acid
2 Diethylene glycol
Polyphosphoric
81.5 97.5
acid
3 Diethylene glycol
KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4
77 97
4 Triethylene glycol
Polyphosphoric
85 97.5
acid
5 Glycerol Polyphosphoric
77
acid
6 Sorbitol Polyphosphoric
77.3 97.3
(avg of 3 runs)
acid
7 Diethylene glycol
Polyphosphoric
86.8 98.5
mono-cresyl ether
acid
(avg of 2 runs)
__________________________________________________________________________
In general, a light transmission value at 440 millimicrons in excess of about 70 is desirable for the fatty acids. Preferred is a light transmission value of at least about 75 at 440 millimicrons. Particularly preferred is an absolute transmission value of at least about 80, however an improvement in light transmission value of 10 percent or more over the control is considered acceptable in terms of characterizing the stabilizer material as an effective stabilizer. As can be seen from Table 1, all of the organic phosphate esters described in Table 1 are capable of providing light transmission values in excess of 75 at 440 millimicrons.
Particularly preferred phosphate esters for use as stabilizers for fatty acids in accordance with the present invention are those prepared from polyalkylene glycol mono-cresyl or mono-ethyl phenyl ethers which contain two, three or four alkylene oxide repeating units. Thus, diethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers, tri-ethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers and tetraethylene glycol mono-cresyl and mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ethers are preferred for producing the phosphate esters of the present invention.
A particularly suitable stabilizer for use in the present invention is available under the trade name Triton H-66 from the Rohm and Haas Chemical Company. Other suitable commercially available alkali metal salts of organic phosphate esters are obtainable under the trade names Tanaterge 43 from Tanatex Chemical Company and Atlas G-2200, available from Atlas Chemical Industries. Light transmission values, after the high temperature air-oxidation test described in Example 1 for these three stabilizers are set forth below in Table 2.
TABLE II
__________________________________________________________________________
Level of Use
Weight Percent
Percent Transmission
Sample No.
Stabilizer
(Dry Basis)
at 440mμ
at 550mμ
__________________________________________________________________________
Control
No stabilizer 59.0 91.5
8 Triton H-66
.04 81.0 94.2
9 Tanaterge 43
.04 82.3 94.9
10 Atlas G-2200
.04 82.3 96.0
__________________________________________________________________________
Stabilizers of the present invention are extremely effective and only small amounts are required to effect stabilization of fatty acids. In this connection, the stabilizers are generally added at a level of from about .005 percent to about .05 percent by weight, dry basis, based on the weight of the fatty acids. Higher levels can be used but there is a tendency to exceed the solubility of the stabilizer in the fatty acid and reduce the light transmission value of 550 millimicrons.
Claims (24)
1. A method for stabilizing fatty acids against oxidation comprising adding to fatty acids having a chain length of C6 to C24 an effective amount of a stabilizer, said stabilizer being an alkali metal salt of an organic phosphate ester, said ester being the condensation reaction product of an alcohol and a phosphorus compound, said phosphorus being in the pentavalent state during said condensation reaction, said alcohol being selected from the group consisting of poly-alkylene alcohols and hydrocarbyl polyols.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said phosphorus compound is selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide and inorganic phosphorus salts selected from the group consisting of potassium monohydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyalkylene alcohol is selected from the group consisting of alcohol ethers which have the formula
R.sub.1 --OR.sub.2 --.sub.X OH
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C4 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl phenyl and mixtures thereof and R2 is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene and mixtures thereof and X is a number from 1 to 30.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein X is a number from 1 to 10.
5. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein X is a number from 1 to 6.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyalkylene alcohol is selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol mono-phenyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol mono-cresyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ether, the propylene, isopropylene and butylene equivalents of the foregoing ethylene glycol phenyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyols have a carbon chain length of C2 to C6.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyols are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl 2,4 pentanediol, 1,6,-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, adonitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol, and mixtures thereof.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal salt of said condensation reaction product contains from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight, dry basis, of phosphorus and from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight, dry basis, of alkali metal.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of potassium and sodium.
11. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is potassium.
12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said stabilizer is added to said fatty acid at a level of from about 0.005 to about 0.05 percent by weight dry basis, based on the weight of the fatty acid.
13. Stabilized fatty acids comprising a fatty acid having a chain length of C6 to C24 and an effective amount sufficient to inhibit oxidation of a stabilizer, said stabilizer being an alkali metal salt of an organic phosphate ester, said ester being the condensation reaction product of an alcohol and a phosphorus compound, said phosphorus compound being in the pentavalent state during said condensation reaction, said alcohol being selected from the group consisting of poly-alkylene alcohols and hydrocarbyl polyols.
14. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said phosphorus compound is selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide and inorganic phosphorus salts selected from the group consisting of potassium monohydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
15. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyalkylene alcohol is selected from the group consisting of alcohol ethers which have the formula
R.sub.1 --OR.sub.2 --.sub.X OH
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C4 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethyl-phenyl and mixtures thereof, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene and mixtures thereof and X is a number from 1 to 30.
16. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 15 wherein X is a number from 1 to 10.
17. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 15 wherein X is a number from 1 to 6.
18. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyalkylene alcohol is selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol mono-phenyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-ethylene glycol mono-cresyl ether, di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-ethylene glycol mono-(ethyl-phenyl) ether, the propylene, isopropylene and butylene equivalents of the foregoing ethylene glycol phenyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
19. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyols have a carbon chain length of C2 to C6.
20. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyols are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3,-butanediol, 1,2,4,-butanetriol, 4-methyl 2,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5,-hexanediol, erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, adonitol, sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, inositol, and mixtures thereof.
21. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said alkali metal salt of said condensation reaction product contains from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight, dry basis, of phosphorus and from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight, dry basis, of alkali metal.
22. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of potassium and sodium.
23. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said alkali metal is potassium.
24. Stabilized fatty acids in accordance with claim 13 wherein said stabilizer is present at a level of from about 0.005 to about 0.05 percent by weight, dry basis, based on the weight of the fatty acid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/469,440 US3959321A (en) | 1973-03-30 | 1974-05-13 | Stabilized fatty acids |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34633673A | 1973-03-30 | 1973-03-30 | |
| US05/469,440 US3959321A (en) | 1973-03-30 | 1974-05-13 | Stabilized fatty acids |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34633673A Continuation | 1973-03-30 | 1973-03-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3959321A true US3959321A (en) | 1976-05-25 |
Family
ID=26994799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/469,440 Expired - Lifetime US3959321A (en) | 1973-03-30 | 1974-05-13 | Stabilized fatty acids |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3959321A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4420341A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-12-13 | Ferrigno Thomas H | Stabilized surface modified fillers |
| US5306713A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1994-04-26 | Shiseido Company Ltd. | Highly active antioxidant of tocopheryl ascorbyl phosphate |
| US5474775A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1995-12-12 | Nestec S.A. | Cosmetic compositions containing 2,3-butanediol fatty acid diesters |
| US5998348A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-12-07 | Henkel Corporation | Concentrate for a dihydrogen phosphate-based metal cleaning composition that does not damage plastic |
| WO2022084094A1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-28 | Basf Se | Container and process for the storage of a saturated aliphatic c6-c12 carboxylic acid |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2926093A (en) * | 1957-08-12 | 1960-02-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Stabilization of organic substances |
| US3812220A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1974-05-21 | Ashland Oil Inc | Phosphate esters of hindered phenols |
-
1974
- 1974-05-13 US US05/469,440 patent/US3959321A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2926093A (en) * | 1957-08-12 | 1960-02-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Stabilization of organic substances |
| US3812220A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1974-05-21 | Ashland Oil Inc | Phosphate esters of hindered phenols |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4420341A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-12-13 | Ferrigno Thomas H | Stabilized surface modified fillers |
| US5306713A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1994-04-26 | Shiseido Company Ltd. | Highly active antioxidant of tocopheryl ascorbyl phosphate |
| US5474775A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1995-12-12 | Nestec S.A. | Cosmetic compositions containing 2,3-butanediol fatty acid diesters |
| US5998348A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-12-07 | Henkel Corporation | Concentrate for a dihydrogen phosphate-based metal cleaning composition that does not damage plastic |
| WO2022084094A1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-28 | Basf Se | Container and process for the storage of a saturated aliphatic c6-c12 carboxylic acid |
| EP4276088A3 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2024-02-21 | Basf Se | Container and process for the storage of a saturated aliphatic c6-c12 carboxylic acid |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4131562A (en) | Stabilized particulate peroxygen compounds | |
| US2513680A (en) | Lime base grease | |
| DE1270278B (en) | Stabilization of vinyl chloride polymers | |
| GB708029A (en) | Stabilization of polyamides | |
| EP0124851A2 (en) | Composition and process for metal cleaning and passivation by spraying | |
| US3959321A (en) | Stabilized fatty acids | |
| ES8105351A1 (en) | Low toxicity vinyl halide stabilizer compositions | |
| ES372032A1 (en) | Composition and process for stripping paint | |
| US4348294A (en) | One package replenisher for aluminum cleaner | |
| DE10057440A1 (en) | Brake fluid composition for motor vehicles, comprises metal corrosion inhibitor, antioxidant and mixed solvent comprising preset amount of glycol ether compound, boron ester compound and silane group stabilizer | |
| US3705941A (en) | Vaporizable insecticide composition | |
| US3061506A (en) | Iodine phosphate ester compositions | |
| EP0039314B1 (en) | Use of phosphoric acid di-esters as corrosion inhibitors | |
| US4477421A (en) | Process for the stabilization of aqueous cyanamide solutions | |
| Fore et al. | Epoxidized jojoba oil as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride containing plastics | |
| US4921987A (en) | Aqueous solutions of alkyltrialkoxysilanes having an extended shelf life | |
| US3185735A (en) | Stabilization of polyoxyalkylene compounds | |
| US3278369A (en) | Dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate compositions stabilized with carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| JPS5555103A (en) | Stabilizing process | |
| JPH0434592B2 (en) | ||
| US2772243A (en) | Antioxidant concentrates comprising reaction products of mixed glycerides as solvent carriers | |
| US4124543A (en) | Anti-static agent composition | |
| DE2501142B2 (en) | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A GRILLY DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENT | |
| US3364109A (en) | Hydroxyquinoline-stabilized biocidal organic phosphorus pesticides in finely dispersed silicic acid | |
| US3852288A (en) | Process for color stable alkyl and alkenyl acid phosphate compositions |