US3927450A - Method of manufacturing hollow, circular-shaped workpieces - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing hollow, circular-shaped workpieces Download PDF

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US3927450A
US3927450A US493752A US49375274A US3927450A US 3927450 A US3927450 A US 3927450A US 493752 A US493752 A US 493752A US 49375274 A US49375274 A US 49375274A US 3927450 A US3927450 A US 3927450A
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races
temperature
products
die
semi
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Karel Sommer
Jiri Zdrazil
Milan Kubinek
Jarolim Bahna
Stanislav Kyselica
Frantisek Habrovec
Jiri Skarek
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ZKL ZAVODY NA VALIVA LOZISKA A TRAKTORY NARODNI PODNIK
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ZKL ZAVODY NA VALIVA LOZISKA A TRAKTORY NARODNI PODNIK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49689—Race making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49798—Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49989—Followed by cutting or removing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
    • Y10T29/49996—Successive distinct removal operations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of hollow, circular-shaped workpieces made from a standard bearing steel or normal composition or from a chemically heat-treatable steel or from other steels, e.g. from steels according to the Czechoslovakian Patent Specification No. 147,484.
  • the method may be effected by hot as well as by cold forming and is particularly suitablefor the manufacture of bearing races.
  • bearing races such bearing steel containing 1% of carbon and l to 1.5% of chromium.
  • the manufacture proper of races is accomplished by turning them from bars, tubes, or bars forged to semi-products, or by rolling-out ring blanks. Owing to the workability as well as to the necessity of predetermined internal structure prior to hardening, a heattreatment of the race semi-products combined with spheroidizing soft annealing is necessary. After being austenitized at a suitable temperature, races machined by a metal cutting method are hardened and tempered. The turning operation may be partially substituted by cold rolling-out of the semiproducts.
  • tubes manufactured by centrifugal casting are used as starting mate rial, such tubes are first divided into individual slugs and are then formed by rolling-out or by forging.
  • This method of manufacture in contradistinction to other known methods, is advantageous mainly in that it eliminates several processing stages within the metallurgical portion of production, its only drawback being that it can be conveniently utilized predominantly with rings of greater diameter.
  • the method of manufacture of hollow, circularshaped workpieces according to the invention improves the previously described method of manufacture of bearing races from centrifugally cast hollow ingots using a conventional bearing steel or a chemiw cally heat-treatable steel, e.g. a carburizing steel or other steels, e.g. a steel whose structure is the subject of the US. Pat. No. 3,859,146.
  • a conventional bearing steel or a chemiw cally heat-treatable steel e.g. a carburizing steel or other steels, e.g. a steel whose structure is the subject of the US. Pat. No. 3,859,146.
  • the principle of the invention resides in that centrifugally cast hollow ingots or individual annuli or other rotary components in the form of bodies of revolution with profiled surface are formed using a rolling, forging or die-forging mechan ism, after which the obtained tubes or annuli are divided into sections which are then profile-rolled, forged or die-forged, then machined by metal cutting methods, subsequently heat-treated to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering are finished by grinding, s'up'erfi'nishing, lapping and polishing or bya combination of these finishing methods. Tubes obtained by' ing attachment or by a metal cutting method with a simultaneous removal of the slag-contaminated material layer. Workpieces made from chrome-steel or from steel according to the US. Patent No.
  • 3,859,146 are submitted to spheroidizing annealing, are then machined by a metal cutting method, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
  • Work-pieces from chemically heat-treatable steel are first machined by applying a metal cutting method, then the surface is submitted to a'chemical heat-treatment with subsequent single or double hardening and tempering.
  • the races are profile-rolled with finishing allowances, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for. subsequent hardening.
  • Components made from steel suitable for chemical heat-treatment are formed by profile-rolling with finishing allowances.
  • the semi-products of the components are first heated to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, then the ring-rolling or ring-forging is carried out with subsequent hardening and tempering.
  • the components are first heated to the austenite temperature zone, then cooled down to a temperature corresponding to approximately the longest latent periodof the decomposition of undercooled austenite, after which profile-rolling, rolling, forging or die-forging with subsequent hardening are performed.
  • the semi-products are'formed by ring-rolling or forging, down to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, after which they are machined in the hardened state using a metal cutting method, and are then tempered.
  • the semi-products of components having a greater length, compared with the wall thickness of the final forging, are first die-forged to the required cross-section, whereupon they are turned through an angle of between the bottom-die and the punch within a single working stroke of the pressram and are sized at the bottom dead center of the ram stroke.
  • Annular shaped semiproducts having a greater length compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first die-forged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing races, after which the common blanks obtained are sheared, the annulus for outer races is turned through an angle of 90, whereas the annuli for inner races are turned through an angle of 90 after the width has been die-forged to the required cross-section.
  • the ring blanks are profile-rolled between rolls whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races. It is also possible to die-forge the race blanks in forming dies whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races.
  • the shape on the outer surface of the races is formed between profile rolls and the mandrel, the width and the passage through the finished races being identical with the starting semi-products of the races.
  • FIG. 1 depicts successive steps in the process of manufacturing an outer rolling bearing-race
  • FIG. 2 depicts successive steps in the process of manufacturing inner bearing-races
  • FIG. 3 represents the process of manufacturing an annular component with grooves on the outer circumference.
  • the manufacture of an outer race involves the following steps.
  • a hollow ingot is centrifugally cast; ingot 1 has a slag-contaminated central layer 2.
  • Layer 2 is removed first, then the ingot 1 is rolled into a tube 3 from which individual annuli 4 are sheared off.
  • this annulus 4 is rolled out between the rolling disk 5 and the rolling mandrel 6, the rolled product 7 is submitted to subsequent hardening and tempering, and the resulting semi-product 8 of the outer bearing race is finished by grinding, super-finishing or by lapping.
  • a centrifugally cast hollow ingot l with its slag-contaminated central layer 2 is rolled to form tube 13.
  • the slag layer 2 is simultaneously removed in one turning operation using a turning tool 14; the individual annuli 15 are separated with the aid of a parting-off tool 16.
  • the annuli 15 are then cold rolled between a rolling disk 17 and a rolling mandrel 18; the resulting rolled products 19 are hardened and tempered and the thus obtained semi-products are then finished to form inner bearing races 20.
  • FIG. 3 When producing workpieces with circumferential grooves, there is employed the method shown in FIG. 3.
  • a centrifugally cast hollow ingot 21 made from chemically heat-treated steel with a groove 22 on the outer surface and with a slag-contanimated central layer 23 is used.
  • Layer 23 is removed using a turning tool 24; simultaneously therewith, with the aid of a parting-off tool, 25 the individual annuli 26 are separated.
  • Annuli 26 are then die-forged between forming dies 27 and 28.
  • the resulting semi-product 29 of the workpiece has an internal flash 30, which is then machined by a metal cutting method. After having been chemically heat-treated and hardened, the semiproduct is finished to specified dimensions.
  • a method of manufacture of hollow, circularshaped workpieces comprising centrifugally casting hollow ingots from a bearing steel, reducing the ingot to form a tube, dividing the tube into sections, profileforming the sections, then machining the formed sections by metal cutting methods, subsequently heattreating the machined formed sections to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering finishing the prodnot by at least one of the steps of grinding, superfinishing, lapping and polishing.
  • tubes obtained by rolling are divided into annuli by a cutting method for further processing to final products.
  • a method according to claim 1, comprising removing the inner slag contaminated-layer from within the holes of the hollow workpieces prior toshaping them.
  • a method according to claim 2 comprising removing the inner slag-contaminated layer simultaneously with the dividing of the tube.
  • V 6 A method according to claim 1, wherein workpieces made from chrome-steel are submitted to spheroidizing annealing, then machined by a metal cutting method, whereupon they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
  • a method according to claim 1 in which bearing steels are used, and wherein a high-temperature mechanical treatment is applied, wherein the semiproducts of the components are first heated to a temperature corresponding with the hardening temperature, then ring-forming is accomplished, with subsequent hardening and tempering.
  • a method according to claim 13 wherein semiproducts of components having a greater height, compared with the wall thickness of the final forging, are first die-forged to the required cross-section, after which they are turned through an angle of between the bottom-die and the punch of a press ram within a single working stroke of the press ram and are sized in the bottom dead center of the ram stroke.
  • annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first dieforged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for outer races is turned through an angle of 90.
  • annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first dieforged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for an inner race is inverted by an angle of 90 after the width had been die-forged to the required cross-section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

Method of manufacturing hollow, circular-shaped workpieces. A hollow ingot is formed by centrifugally casting chromium steel, a chemically heat-treatable steel, or from other steels. The centrifugally cast hollow ingots are formed using a rolling, forging or die-forging mechanism, the thus obtained tubes or annuli are divided into sections, and the sections are then profile-rolled, forged or die-forged, machined by metal cutting methods, subsequently heat-treated to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering finished by grinding, superfinishing, lapping and polishing or by combination of these finishing methods.

Description

United States Patent Sommer et al.
[ Dec. 23, 1975 Dec. 4, 1973 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING HOLLOW, CIRCULAR-SHAPED WORKPIECES Inventors: Karel Sommer; Jiri Zdrazil; Milan Kubinek, all of Brno; Jarolim Bahna, Illava; Stanislav Kyselica, Trencianska Tepla; Frantisek Habrovec; JiriSkarek, both of Brno, all of Czechoslovakia ZKL Zavody na valiva loziska a traktory, narodni podnik, Brno, Czechoslovakia Filed: Aug. 1, 1974 Appl. No; 493,752
Assignee:
Foreign Application Priority Data Czechoslovakia 8331-73 US. Cl 29/,l48.4 R; 29/417; 29/527.6;
1.11.1311... .1 B211) 53/12; 3211-! 1/12 Field of Search 29/1484 R, 148.4 c, 417, 29/527.6, 558; 148/2, 3
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1923 Lothrop 29/1484 R X 9/1970 DiPonio 29/l48.4 R x 3,714,694 2/1973 Dobson 29/1484 R 3,737,965 6/1973 Knapp 29/l48.4 R
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLlCATlONS 412,868 7/1934 United Kingdom 29/148.4
Primary Exan1inerVictor A. DiPalma 18 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures METHOD OF MANUFACTURING HOLLOW,
. CIRCULAR-SHAPED WORKPIECES The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of hollow, circular-shaped workpieces made from a standard bearing steel or normal composition or from a chemically heat-treatable steel or from other steels, e.g. from steels according to the Czechoslovakian Patent Specification No. 147,484. The method may be effected by hot as well as by cold forming and is particularly suitablefor the manufacture of bearing races.
The best known bearing manufacturers are using conventional bearing steel for the manufacture of bearing races, such bearing steel containing 1% of carbon and l to 1.5% of chromium. The manufacture proper of races is accomplished by turning them from bars, tubes, or bars forged to semi-products, or by rolling-out ring blanks. Owing to the workability as well as to the necessity of predetermined internal structure prior to hardening, a heattreatment of the race semi-products combined with spheroidizing soft annealing is necessary. After being austenitized at a suitable temperature, races machined by a metal cutting method are hardened and tempered. The turning operation may be partially substituted by cold rolling-out of the semiproducts.
According to the latest technology, tubes manufactured by centrifugal casting are used as starting mate rial, such tubes are first divided into individual slugs and are then formed by rolling-out or by forging. This method of manufacture, in contradistinction to other known methods, is advantageous mainly in that it eliminates several processing stages within the metallurgical portion of production, its only drawback being that it can be conveniently utilized predominantly with rings of greater diameter.
The method of manufacture of hollow, circularshaped workpieces according to the invention improves the previously described method of manufacture of bearing races from centrifugally cast hollow ingots using a conventional bearing steel or a chemiw cally heat-treatable steel, e.g. a carburizing steel or other steels, e.g. a steel whose structure is the subject of the US. Pat. No. 3,859,146. The principle of the invention resides in that centrifugally cast hollow ingots or individual annuli or other rotary components in the form of bodies of revolution with profiled surface are formed using a rolling, forging or die-forging mechan ism, after which the obtained tubes or annuli are divided into sections which are then profile-rolled, forged or die-forged, then machined by metal cutting methods, subsequently heat-treated to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering are finished by grinding, s'up'erfi'nishing, lapping and polishing or bya combination of these finishing methods. Tubes obtained by' ing attachment or by a metal cutting method with a simultaneous removal of the slag-contaminated material layer. Workpieces made from chrome-steel or from steel according to the US. Patent No. 3,859,146 are submitted to spheroidizing annealing, are then machined by a metal cutting method, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening. Work-pieces from chemically heat-treatable steel are first machined by applying a metal cutting method, then the surface is submitted to a'chemical heat-treatment with subsequent single or double hardening and tempering. The races are profile-rolled with finishing allowances, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for. subsequent hardening. Components made from steel suitable for chemical heat-treatment are formed by profile-rolling with finishing allowances. The semi-products of the components are first heated to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, then the ring-rolling or ring-forging is carried out with subsequent hardening and tempering. The components are first heated to the austenite temperature zone, then cooled down to a temperature corresponding to approximately the longest latent periodof the decomposition of undercooled austenite, after which profile-rolling, rolling, forging or die-forging with subsequent hardening are performed. The semi-products are'formed by ring-rolling or forging, down to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, after which they are machined in the hardened state using a metal cutting method, and are then tempered. The semi-products of components having a greater length, compared with the wall thickness of the final forging, are first die-forged to the required cross-section, whereupon they are turned through an angle of between the bottom-die and the punch within a single working stroke of the pressram and are sized at the bottom dead center of the ram stroke. Annular shaped semiproducts having a greater length compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first die-forged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing races, after which the common blanks obtained are sheared, the annulus for outer races is turned through an angle of 90, whereas the annuli for inner races are turned through an angle of 90 after the width has been die-forged to the required cross-section. The ring blanks are profile-rolled between rolls whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races. It is also possible to die-forge the race blanks in forming dies whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races. The shape on the outer surface of the races is formed between profile rolls and the mandrel, the width and the passage through the finished races being identical with the starting semi-products of the races.
The methods of manufacture presented herein and falling within the principle of the invention enable the attaining of a high quality of the product, especially of roller bearings. The main effect resulting from the utilization of the invention is that when using, in particular,
through an angle of 90 is advantageous particularly for the manufacture of outer and inner roller bearingraces.
The drawings illustrate a few examples of the application of the method according to the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 depicts successive steps in the process of manufacturing an outer rolling bearing-race;
FIG. 2 depicts successive steps in the process of manufacturing inner bearing-races; and
FIG. 3 represents the process of manufacturing an annular component with grooves on the outer circumference.
The manufacture of an outer race, as depicted in FIG. 1, involves the following steps. A hollow ingot is centrifugally cast; ingot 1 has a slag-contaminated central layer 2. Layer 2 is removed first, then the ingot 1 is rolled into a tube 3 from which individual annuli 4 are sheared off. After heating to austenitizing temperature suitable for the steel used, and after cooling down the temperature over a period the maximum latent period of the decomposition of undercooled austenite, this annulus 4 is rolled out between the rolling disk 5 and the rolling mandrel 6, the rolled product 7 is submitted to subsequent hardening and tempering, and the resulting semi-product 8 of the outer bearing race is finished by grinding, super-finishing or by lapping.
As shown in FIG. 2, a similar procedure is also used for the manufacture of an inner bearing-race 20. A centrifugally cast hollow ingot l with its slag-contaminated central layer 2 is rolled to form tube 13. The slag layer 2 is simultaneously removed in one turning operation using a turning tool 14; the individual annuli 15 are separated with the aid of a parting-off tool 16. The annuli 15 are then cold rolled between a rolling disk 17 and a rolling mandrel 18; the resulting rolled products 19 are hardened and tempered and the thus obtained semi-products are then finished to form inner bearing races 20.
When producing workpieces with circumferential grooves, there is employed the method shown in FIG. 3. A centrifugally cast hollow ingot 21 made from chemically heat-treated steel with a groove 22 on the outer surface and with a slag-contanimated central layer 23 is used. Layer 23 is removed using a turning tool 24; simultaneously therewith, with the aid of a parting-off tool, 25 the individual annuli 26 are separated. Annuli 26 are then die-forged between forming dies 27 and 28. The resulting semi-product 29 of the workpiece has an internal flash 30, which is then machined by a metal cutting method. After having been chemically heat-treated and hardened, the semiproduct is finished to specified dimensions.
Although the invention is illustrated and described with reference to a plurality of preferred embodiments thereof, it is to be expressly understood that it is in no way limited to the disclosure of such a plurality of preferred embodiments, but is capabale of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:-
1. A method of manufacture of hollow, circularshaped workpieces, comprising centrifugally casting hollow ingots from a bearing steel, reducing the ingot to form a tube, dividing the tube into sections, profileforming the sections, then machining the formed sections by metal cutting methods, subsequently heattreating the machined formed sections to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering finishing the prodnot by at least one of the steps of grinding, superfinishing, lapping and polishing.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein tubes obtained by rolling are divided into annuli by a cutting method for further processing to final products.
3. A method according to claim 1, comprising removing the inner slag contaminated-layer from within the holes of the hollow workpieces prior toshaping them.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the tubes obtained by rolling are divided into semi-products each of which serves for the fabrication of two or more parts.
5. A method according to claim 2, comprising removing the inner slag-contaminated layer simultaneously with the dividing of the tube. V 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein workpieces made from chrome-steel are submitted to spheroidizing annealing, then machined by a metal cutting method, whereupon they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein workpieces from chemically heat-treatable steel are first machined applying a metal cutting method, then the surface is submitted to a chemical heat-treatment with subsequent hardening and tempering.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the races are profile-rolled with finishing allowances, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the components are made from steel suitable for chemical heattreatment and are formed by profile-rolling with finishing allowances.
10. A method according to claim 1, in which bearing steels are used, and wherein a high-temperature mechanical treatment is applied, wherein the semiproducts of the components are first heated to a temperature corresponding with the hardening temperature, then ring-forming is accomplished, with subsequent hardening and tempering.
11. A method according to claim 1, in which bearing steels are used, and wherein a low-temperature mechanical treatment is applied, wherein the components are first heated to the austenite temperature zone, then cooled down to a temperature corresponding to approximately the longest latent period of the decomposition of undercooled austenite, after which the profileforming with subsequent hardening are performed.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the semi-products are formed by ring-forming at a temperature down to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, after which they are machined in a hardened state using a metal cutting method, and
then tempered.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein semiproducts of components having a greater height, compared with the wall thickness of the final forging, are first die-forged to the required cross-section, after which they are turned through an angle of between the bottom-die and the punch of a press ram within a single working stroke of the press ram and are sized in the bottom dead center of the ram stroke.
14. A method according to claim- 13, wherein annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first dieforged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for outer races is turned through an angle of 90.
- 15. A method according to claim 13, wherein annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first dieforged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for an inner race is inverted by an angle of 90 after the width had been die-forged to the required cross-section.
16. A method according to claim 13, wherein the ring blanks are profile-rolled between rolls, whose operatstarting semi-products of the races.

Claims (18)

1. A method of manufacture of hollow, circular-shaped workpieces, comprising centrifugally casting hollow ingots from a bearing steel, reducing the ingot to form a tube, dividing the tube into sections, profile-forming the sections, then machining the formed sections by metal cutting methods, subsequently heattreating the machined formed sections to obtain optimum hardness, and after tempering finishing the product by at least one of the steps of grinding, superfinishing, lapping and polisHing.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein tubes obtained by rolling are divided into annuli by a cutting method for further processing to final products.
3. A method according to claim 1, comprising removing the inner slag contaminated-layer from within the holes of the hollow workpieces prior to shaping them.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the tubes obtained by rolling are divided into semi-products each of which serves for the fabrication of two or more parts.
5. A method according to claim 2, comprising removing the inner slag-contaminated layer simultaneously with the dividing of the tube.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein workpieces made from chrome-steel are submitted to spheroidizing annealing, then machined by a metal cutting method, whereupon they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein workpieces from chemically heat-treatable steel are first machined applying a metal cutting method, then the surface is submitted to a chemical heat-treatment with subsequent hardening and tempering.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the races are profile-rolled with finishing allowances, after which they are heated to austenitizing temperature for subsequent hardening.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the components are made from steel suitable for chemical heat-treatment and are formed by profile-rolling with finishing allowances.
10. A method according to claim 1, in which bearing steels are used, and wherein a high-temperature mechanical treatment is applied, wherein the semi-products of the components are first heated to a temperature corresponding with the hardening temperature, then ring-forming is accomplished, with subsequent hardening and tempering.
11. A method according to claim 1, in which bearing steels are used, and wherein a low-temperature mechanical treatment is applied, wherein the components are first heated to the austenite temperature zone, then cooled down to a temperature corresponding to approximately the longest latent period of the decomposition of undercooled austenite, after which the profile-forming with subsequent hardening are performed.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the semi-products are formed by ring-forming at a temperature down to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature, after which they are machined in a hardened state using a metal cutting method, and then tempered.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein semi-products of components having a greater height, compared with the wall thickness of the final forging, are first die-forged to the required cross-section, after which they are turned through an angle of 90* between the bottom-die and the punch of a press ram within a single working stroke of the press ram and are sized in the bottom dead center of the ram stroke.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first die-forged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for outer races is turned through an angle of 90*.
15. A method according to claim 13, wherein annular shaped semi-products having a greater height compared to the wall thickness of the forging are first die-forged to a cross-section corresponding to the annulus of the outer bearing-races and partly to the annulus of the inner bearing-races, after which the thus obtained common blanks are sheared, the annulus for an inner race is inverted by an angle of 90* after the width had been die-forged to the required cross-section.
16. A method according to claim 13, wherein the ring blanks are profile-rolled between rolls, whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races.
17. A method according to claim 13, wherein the race blanks are die-forged in forming dies, whose operating surfaces are identical with the shape of finished races.
18. A method according to claim 13, wherein the shape on the outer surface of the races is formed between profile rolls and the mandrel, the width and the hole through finished races being identical with the starting semi-products of the races.
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US4004335A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-01-25 Pitts Industries, Inc. (Entire) Method of making clutch pulley
US4034464A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-07-12 Ford Motor Company Method of aluminum cylinder head valve seat coating transplant
US4043023A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-08-23 Lombard Daniel L Method for making seamless pipe
US4126064A (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-11-21 Formflo Limited Preparation of annular blanks from tube stock
EP0133765A2 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-03-06 Formflo Limited Making rings from tube or bar stock
US4549339A (en) * 1983-03-28 1985-10-29 Pierre Lajoye Apparatus and method for manufacture of curved hollow toroidal elements
US5354071A (en) * 1992-02-18 1994-10-11 Federal-Mogul Corporation Welded wear sleeve for lubricant seals
US5867902A (en) * 1996-06-11 1999-02-09 Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. Methods of fabricating inner roller and outer roller in internal-meshing planetary gear construction
US6049982A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-04-18 Tseng; Shao-Chien Integrated molding method for the front fork of a bicycle
US6108908A (en) * 1997-11-03 2000-08-29 Illinois Tool Works Heat treated combustion chamber housing and process for making same
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US6523261B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2003-02-25 Mapress Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of making a metallic press fitting element
US20030164210A1 (en) * 2000-07-12 2003-09-04 Wilfried Forster Method for producing metallic, non-rotationally symmetrical rings with a constant wall thickness over their circumference
EP1477693A1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2004-11-17 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Process for forming cold formed high-loaded bearing steel parts
US6886986B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2005-05-03 Nitinol Technologies, Inc. Nitinol ball bearing element and process for making
WO2006024191A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Gianfranco Passoni Method and device for producing a mechanical part, in particular a bearing ring and a part produced by said method
US20060242837A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2006-11-02 Koichi Nagano Method of manufacturing race for rolling bearing, and apparatus therefor
US7181847B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2007-02-27 Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for manufacturing a cylindrical hollow body and hollow body made thereby
CN100408879C (en) * 2005-09-07 2008-08-06 熊成伦 Method for producing bearing ferrule blanks
CN100455834C (en) * 2002-11-02 2009-01-28 斯地而卡思梯株式会社 Method for mfg of inner and outer race ring of bearing and radial bearing
CN102689157A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-09-26 西南大学 Liquid forging and rolling composite forming method of copper alloy special-cross-section annular piece
CN102886660A (en) * 2012-11-06 2013-01-23 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 Short-flow processing technology of ferrule roughcast used for turntable bearing
CN103341728A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-10-09 武汉理工大学 Bearing ring organization refining-homogenizing rolling-cooling control method
CN103470637A (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-25 株式会社捷太格特 Method of manufacturing bearing ring of rolling bearing
US20170298997A1 (en) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-19 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh Method of producing a sliding sleeve for a synchronous manual transmission assembly and sliding sleeve produced by means of the method
CN107984173A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-05-04 徐州博丰轴承有限公司 A kind of processing method of bearing ring
EP3483483A4 (en) * 2016-07-07 2020-03-18 Nowatari, Shuichi Production method and production apparatus for ring-shaped part
US11328891B2 (en) * 2018-11-23 2022-05-10 Minebea Mitsumi Inc. Rotating-anode bearing and a rotating anode for an x-ray tube and a method for manufacturing a rotating-anode bearing for an x-ray tube
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GB2038213B (en) * 1978-12-27 1982-09-29 Formlo Ltd Making rings from tube stock
DE3117200A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-12-09 Skf Kugellagerfabriken Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt Method of producing rings and discs
FR2766748B1 (en) * 1997-07-29 1999-09-03 Ascoforge Safe PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A PLURALITY OF METAL PARTS BY FRAGILE BREAKING OF A PREDRAFT OF A PLURALITY OF PARTS
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US3528271A (en) * 1968-02-02 1970-09-15 Ford Motor Co Method for rolling a race for a ball bearing
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US1472922A (en) * 1922-01-04 1923-11-06 Timken Roller Bearing Co Manufacture of roller-bearing cups and the like
US3528271A (en) * 1968-02-02 1970-09-15 Ford Motor Co Method for rolling a race for a ball bearing
US3737965A (en) * 1970-06-18 1973-06-12 Timken Co Roller bearing rings
US3714694A (en) * 1971-06-09 1973-02-06 Formmet Corp Process of making a composite bearing race or the like

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043023A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-08-23 Lombard Daniel L Method for making seamless pipe
US4034464A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-07-12 Ford Motor Company Method of aluminum cylinder head valve seat coating transplant
US4004335A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-01-25 Pitts Industries, Inc. (Entire) Method of making clutch pulley
US4126064A (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-11-21 Formflo Limited Preparation of annular blanks from tube stock
US4549339A (en) * 1983-03-28 1985-10-29 Pierre Lajoye Apparatus and method for manufacture of curved hollow toroidal elements
EP0133765A2 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-03-06 Formflo Limited Making rings from tube or bar stock
EP0133765A3 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-08-21 Formflo Limited Making rings from tube or bar stock
US5354071A (en) * 1992-02-18 1994-10-11 Federal-Mogul Corporation Welded wear sleeve for lubricant seals
US5867902A (en) * 1996-06-11 1999-02-09 Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. Methods of fabricating inner roller and outer roller in internal-meshing planetary gear construction
CN1098136C (en) * 1997-08-04 2003-01-08 曼内斯曼股份公司 Method for producing steel rolling bearing rings
US6108908A (en) * 1997-11-03 2000-08-29 Illinois Tool Works Heat treated combustion chamber housing and process for making same
US6049982A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-04-18 Tseng; Shao-Chien Integrated molding method for the front fork of a bicycle
US6523261B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2003-02-25 Mapress Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of making a metallic press fitting element
US6886986B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2005-05-03 Nitinol Technologies, Inc. Nitinol ball bearing element and process for making
EP1477693A1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2004-11-17 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Process for forming cold formed high-loaded bearing steel parts
US20030164210A1 (en) * 2000-07-12 2003-09-04 Wilfried Forster Method for producing metallic, non-rotationally symmetrical rings with a constant wall thickness over their circumference
US6936119B2 (en) * 2000-07-12 2005-08-30 Mannesmannrohren-Werke Ag Method for producing metallic, non-rotationally symmetrical rings with a constant wall thickness over their circumference
US7181847B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2007-02-27 Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for manufacturing a cylindrical hollow body and hollow body made thereby
CN100455834C (en) * 2002-11-02 2009-01-28 斯地而卡思梯株式会社 Method for mfg of inner and outer race ring of bearing and radial bearing
US20060242836A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2006-11-02 Nsk Ltd. Method of manufacturing race for rolling bearing, and apparatus therefore
US20060242837A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2006-11-02 Koichi Nagano Method of manufacturing race for rolling bearing, and apparatus therefor
FR2874979A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-10 Gianfranco Passoni METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A MECHANICAL PIECE, IN PARTICULAR A BEARING RING, AND PART OBTAINED ACCORDING TO SAID METHOD
US20080236707A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-10-02 Gianfranco Passoni Method and Device For Producing a Mechanical Part, in Particular a Bearing Ring and a Part Produced By Said Method
WO2006024191A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Gianfranco Passoni Method and device for producing a mechanical part, in particular a bearing ring and a part produced by said method
US7594310B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2009-09-29 Gianfranco Passoni Method and device for producing a mechanical part, in particular a bearing ring and a part produced by said methods
CN101014432B (en) * 2004-09-03 2010-12-01 詹弗兰科·帕索尼 Method and device for producing a mechanical part, in particular a bearing ring and a part produced by said method
CN100408879C (en) * 2005-09-07 2008-08-06 熊成伦 Method for producing bearing ferrule blanks
CN103470637A (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-25 株式会社捷太格特 Method of manufacturing bearing ring of rolling bearing
US9138837B2 (en) 2012-06-06 2015-09-22 Jtekt Corporation Method of manufacturing bearing ring of rolling bearing
EP2672132A3 (en) * 2012-06-06 2014-12-31 Jtekt Corporation Method of manufacturing bearing ring of rolling bearing
CN102689157A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-09-26 西南大学 Liquid forging and rolling composite forming method of copper alloy special-cross-section annular piece
CN102689157B (en) * 2012-06-18 2015-08-19 西南大学 The liquid forging Rolling compund manufacturing process of the different section ring parts of copper alloy
CN102886660A (en) * 2012-11-06 2013-01-23 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 Short-flow processing technology of ferrule roughcast used for turntable bearing
CN103341728B (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-12-09 武汉理工大学 A kind of bearer ring organizes thin homogenize controlled rolling and controlled cooling method
CN103341728A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-10-09 武汉理工大学 Bearing ring organization refining-homogenizing rolling-cooling control method
US20170298997A1 (en) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-19 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh Method of producing a sliding sleeve for a synchronous manual transmission assembly and sliding sleeve produced by means of the method
US10520044B2 (en) * 2016-04-19 2019-12-31 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh Method of producing a sliding sleeve for a synchronous manual transmission assembly and sliding sleeve produced by means of the method
EP3483483A4 (en) * 2016-07-07 2020-03-18 Nowatari, Shuichi Production method and production apparatus for ring-shaped part
CN107984173A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-05-04 徐州博丰轴承有限公司 A kind of processing method of bearing ring
US11328891B2 (en) * 2018-11-23 2022-05-10 Minebea Mitsumi Inc. Rotating-anode bearing and a rotating anode for an x-ray tube and a method for manufacturing a rotating-anode bearing for an x-ray tube
CN117680940A (en) * 2024-02-02 2024-03-12 北京市科学技术研究院 Processing method of high-hardness large-diameter thin-wall semicircular cylinder
CN117680940B (en) * 2024-02-02 2024-04-30 北京市科学技术研究院 Processing method of high-hardness large-diameter thin-wall semicircular cylinder

Also Published As

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FR2252902B1 (en) 1977-10-14
CS220401B1 (en) 1983-04-29
AT332195B (en) 1976-09-10
ATA376374A (en) 1975-12-15
GB1478997A (en) 1977-07-06
FR2252902A1 (en) 1975-06-27
JPS5086470A (en) 1975-07-11
DE2425316A1 (en) 1975-06-05
SE7406212L (en) 1975-06-05
DD114014A1 (en) 1975-07-12

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