US3924675A - Energy absorber for sodium-heated heat exchanger - Google Patents

Energy absorber for sodium-heated heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3924675A
US3924675A US356879A US35687973A US3924675A US 3924675 A US3924675 A US 3924675A US 356879 A US356879 A US 356879A US 35687973 A US35687973 A US 35687973A US 3924675 A US3924675 A US 3924675A
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Prior art keywords
sodium
heat exchanger
channel
water
chamber
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US356879A
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Jan Essebaggers
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US Department of Energy
Energy Research and Development Administration ERDA
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US Department of Energy
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Priority to US356879A priority Critical patent/US3924675A/en
Priority to CA198,323A priority patent/CA989816A/en
Priority to JP49050169A priority patent/JPS5230644B2/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A heat exchanger in which water-carrying tubes are heated by liquid sodium and in which the results of accidental contact between the water and the sodium [52] US. Cl. 165/134; 122/32; 165/40; caused y failure of one or more of th Water tubes is 211 App].
  • An energy absorbing chamber contains a [51] Int. Cl F28f 9/00 pr l g n i onne ted to the bo y of [58] Field of Search 165/134; 176/38 flowing i m y a hannel so th t, in the event of a sodium-water reaction, products of the reaction will References Cited partially fill the energy absorbing chamber to attenu- UNITED STATES PATENTS ate the rise in pressure within the heat exchanger. 2,971,746 2/1961 Bell 165/134 X 4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures US. atent Dec. 9, 1975 392,675
  • a sodium-heated steam generator or superheater with a heat section comprising a number of heated tubes carrying water which is generated into steam, or steam which is super-heated, by a stream of liquid sodium flowing over the tubes, is provided with an energy absorbing chamber, and a channel opening into said chamber and extending into said stream of sodium so that in the event that one or more of said heated tubes should fail, the pressure rise brought about by the consequent sodium-water reaction will be attenuated because a portion of the product of reaction and the sodium will enter said chamber through said channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a elevational view, partly in section, of a steam generator with an energy absorbing chamber made in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section, showing the energy absorber of FIG. 1 and a portion of its supporting structure;
  • FIG. 3 is a view, partly in section, of one of the bayonet tube assemblies shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger indicated generally as 10 having a generally cylindrical outer shell 12 with a closed lower end 14.
  • the outer shell 12 includes a sodium inlet 16 and a sodium outlet 18, which is positioned centrally in the closed lower end 14 of the outer heated enters at the water inlet 20 which is located centrally in a dome like upper cover 22.
  • the cover 22 has at its periphery an annular horizontally extending flange 24. The flange 24 and the top of the cylindrical ,shell 12 clamp between them an annular radially extending lip 26 of an upper tube sheet 28.
  • the upper tube sheet 28 which is generally flat, includes a generally horizontal circular flat portion 29 which is connected to the lip 26 by an annular vertically extending cylindrical sidewall portion 30.
  • the cover 22 and the tube sheet 28 define an enclosed space 32.
  • each of the bayonet tube assemblies 36 has, in addition to its inner tube, an outer tube 38, each of which extends down from a main tube sheet 40.
  • the main tube sheet 40 is below the upper tube sheet 28 and the two tube sheets define along with the cylindrical shell 12, an enclosed space 42.
  • Each of the outer tubes 38 is closed at its lower end 44, but the inner tubes 34 are open at both ends.
  • Each inner tubes bottom is a little higher than the corresponding closed end 44 of its associated outer tube so that water, either in its liquid phase or its gaseous phase (steam) coming in the inlet 20 and through the chamber 32 will flow downward through the inner tubes 34 to impinge against the closed lower ends of the outer tubes 38 to reverse direction and flow upwardly in the annular spaces between the inner tubes 34 and the outer tubes 38. It is during this upward travel that the water is heated.
  • the portion of the heat exchanger 10 below the tube sheet 40 is the heat section and the outer tubes 38 are the heated tubes.
  • a steam generator liquid water is heated and converted to steam.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is provided with an energy absorber 50.
  • the energy absorber 50 comprises a cylinder 52 closed at its upper end 54. It is supported by six arms 56 which extend from the cylinder 52 to the'inner surface of the outer shell 12.
  • the cylinder 52 with its closed end 54 forms a sidewall which defines an energy absorbing chamber 58.
  • a channel 60 is defined by the open lower end portion of the cylinder 52.
  • a one-way valve 62 is positioned in the channel to allow flow only in an upward direction. Liquid sodium is maintained at a level 64 by gas 66 within the chamber 58.
  • valve 62 will allow sodium and/or the products of a sodiumwater reaction to pass upward and into the chamber 58 against the pressure of the contained gas 66. The valve 62 will not allow the contents of the chamber 58 to pass downward.
  • the action of the energy absorber 50 is to absorb a considerable portion of the products of a sodium-water reaction, as well as some of the sodium within the heat exchanger 10. This will attenuate to a considerable degree the pressure rise and pressure oscillation concomtant with the sodium water reaction. Consequently, damage from the reaction will be minimized.
  • remedial steps can be taken. For example, the supply of liquid sodium or water or both can be discontinued.
  • the valve 62 can be opened to allow the contents of the chamber 58 to escape slowly and to eventually flow out of the heat exchanger through the sodium outlet 18.
  • a heat exchanger comprising: an outer shell;
  • an energy absorber wholly within said outer shell having a sidewall defining chamber, a channel opening into said chamber, and a one-way valve, said valve being positioned so that nothing can flow through said channel without flowing through said valve and said valve being operable so that it permits flow only into said chamber until the pressure is reduced to a safe level so that said valve can be opened to allow the contents of said chamber to escape slowly and to eventually flow out of said liquid sodium outlet, said energy absorber being capable of withstanding the pressure resulting from an inadvertant water-sodium reaction over the entirety of said sidewall;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchanger in which water-carrying tubes are heated by liquid sodium and in which the results of accidental contact between the water and the sodium caused by failure of one or more of the water tubes is minimized. An energy absorbing chamber contains a compressable gas and is connected to the body of flowing sodium by a channel so that, in the event of a sodiumwater reaction, products of the reaction will partially fill the energy absorbing chamber to attenuate the rise in pressure within the heat exchanger.

Description

United States Patent 11 1 1111 3,924,675
Essebaggers Dec. 9, 1975 [5 ENERGY ABSORBER FOR 3,398,789 8/1968 Wolowodiuk et al 165/134 SODIUNLHEATED HEAT EXCHANGER 3,438,431 4/1969 Dreyer et a] 176/38 X 3,583,479 6/1971 Taylor et a1. 165/134 Inventor: J gg Sueeasanna, 3,748,227 7/1973 Hillekum et a]. 176/38 [73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Primary Examiner--Albert W. Davls, Jr. Energy Research and Development Assistant Examiner-S. J. Richter Administration, Washington, DC. 22 Filed: May 3, 1973 [57] ABSTRACT A heat exchanger in which water-carrying tubes are heated by liquid sodium and in which the results of accidental contact between the water and the sodium [52] US. Cl. 165/134; 122/32; 165/40; caused y failure of one or more of th Water tubes is 211 App]. NO.Z 356,879
165/70; 165/ 157; 176/38 minimized. An energy absorbing chamber contains a [51] Int. Cl F28f 9/00 pr l g n i onne ted to the bo y of [58] Field of Search 165/134; 176/38 flowing i m y a hannel so th t, in the event of a sodium-water reaction, products of the reaction will References Cited partially fill the energy absorbing chamber to attenu- UNITED STATES PATENTS ate the rise in pressure within the heat exchanger. 2,971,746 2/1961 Bell 165/134 X 4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures US. atent Dec. 9, 1975 392,675
' I 5 if ENERGY ABSORBER FOR SODIUM-HEATED HEAT EXCHANGER This invention was made in the course of or under a contract with the United States Atomic Energy Commission.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One of the more common features found in nuclear power plant designs is the use of liquid sodium to cool the reactor andto transfer heat to water for the generation of steam. The sodium can also be used to transfer heat to steam to thereby superheat the steam. In such designs, superheaters and steam generators must be steam may fail and any contact between the water or steam and sodium can result in a rise in pressure which can cause considerable damage to the heat exchanger. If no provision is made to minimize the effects of such a reaction, the failure of adjacent heat transfer surfaces may follow and therefore, further contact between the reactants may occur. In effect, a chain of water-sodium reactions takes place.
In the case of a sodium-heated steam generator in which water is heated by flowing it through tubes which extendthrough a stream of flowing liquid sodium, the tube failure will result in a violent reaction which may rupture adjacent tubes to cause further contact between sodium and water and an even greater rise in pressure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to overcome drawbacks found in the prior art such as those discussed above. Accordingly, a sodium-heated steam generator or superheater, with a heat section comprising a number of heated tubes carrying water which is generated into steam, or steam which is super-heated, by a stream of liquid sodium flowing over the tubes, is provided with an energy absorbing chamber, and a channel opening into said chamber and extending into said stream of sodium so that in the event that one or more of said heated tubes should fail, the pressure rise brought about by the consequent sodium-water reaction will be attenuated because a portion of the product of reaction and the sodium will enter said chamber through said channel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a elevational view, partly in section, of a steam generator with an energy absorbing chamber made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section, showing the energy absorber of FIG. 1 and a portion of its supporting structure; and
FIG. 3 is a view, partly in section, of one of the bayonet tube assemblies shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger indicated generally as 10 having a generally cylindrical outer shell 12 with a closed lower end 14. The outer shell 12 includes a sodium inlet 16 and a sodium outlet 18, which is positioned centrally in the closed lower end 14 of the outer heated enters at the water inlet 20 which is located centrally in a dome like upper cover 22. The cover 22 has at its periphery an annular horizontally extending flange 24. The flange 24 and the top of the cylindrical ,shell 12 clamp between them an annular radially extending lip 26 of an upper tube sheet 28.
The upper tube sheet 28 which is generally flat, includes a generally horizontal circular flat portion 29 which is connected to the lip 26 by an annular vertically extending cylindrical sidewall portion 30. The cover 22 and the tube sheet 28 define an enclosed space 32.
Extending through the upper tube sheet 28 and secured to it are a plurality of inner tubes 34, each of which is a component of one of an equal number of bayonet tube assemblies 36. Each of the bayonet tube assemblies 36 has, in addition to its inner tube, an outer tube 38, each of which extends down from a main tube sheet 40. The main tube sheet 40 is below the upper tube sheet 28 and the two tube sheets define along with the cylindrical shell 12, an enclosed space 42.
Each of the outer tubes 38 is closed at its lower end 44, but the inner tubes 34 are open at both ends. Each inner tubes bottom is a little higher than the corresponding closed end 44 of its associated outer tube so that water, either in its liquid phase or its gaseous phase (steam) coming in the inlet 20 and through the chamber 32 will flow downward through the inner tubes 34 to impinge against the closed lower ends of the outer tubes 38 to reverse direction and flow upwardly in the annular spaces between the inner tubes 34 and the outer tubes 38. It is during this upward travel that the water is heated. Thus, the portion of the heat exchanger 10 below the tube sheet 40 is the heat section and the outer tubes 38 are the heated tubes. In a steam generator, liquid water is heated and converted to steam. In a superheater, gaseous water (steam) is heated still further. In either case, steam will collect in the enclosed space 42 and leave the heat exchanger 10 through a steam outlet 46 in the side of the heat exchanger 10 between the upper tube sheet 28 and the lower tube sheet 40.
It has already been explained how a failure of a heat exchanger surface can result in a sodium-water reaction which can cause considerable damage. In order to eliminate, or at least minimize that damage, the heat exchanger 10 is provided with an energy absorber 50. The energy absorber 50 comprises a cylinder 52 closed at its upper end 54. It is supported by six arms 56 which extend from the cylinder 52 to the'inner surface of the outer shell 12. The cylinder 52 with its closed end 54 forms a sidewall which defines an energy absorbing chamber 58. A channel 60 is defined by the open lower end portion of the cylinder 52. A one-way valve 62 is positioned in the channel to allow flow only in an upward direction. Liquid sodium is maintained at a level 64 by gas 66 within the chamber 58.
In the event of a failure of one or more of the outer tubes 38, water or steam within the tube will react with the ambient sodium. The result is an arbupt rise in pressure within the heat exchanger 10. The valve 62 will allow sodium and/or the products of a sodiumwater reaction to pass upward and into the chamber 58 against the pressure of the contained gas 66. The valve 62 will not allow the contents of the chamber 58 to pass downward.
The action of the energy absorber 50 is to absorb a considerable portion of the products of a sodium-water reaction, as well as some of the sodium within the heat exchanger 10. This will attenuate to a considerable degree the pressure rise and pressure oscillation concomtant with the sodium water reaction. Consequently, damage from the reaction will be minimized.
As soon as a sodium-water reaction is detected, remedial steps can be taken. For example, the supply of liquid sodium or water or both can be discontinued. When the pressure is reduced to a safe level, the valve 62 can be opened to allow the contents of the chamber 58 to escape slowly and to eventually flow out of the heat exchanger through the sodium outlet 18.
The foregoing describes but one preferred embodiment of the present invention. Other embodiments are possible without exceeding its scope as defined in the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A heat exchanger comprising: an outer shell;
a liquid sodium outlet in said shell;
a liquid sodium inlet in said shell;
a plurality of tubes for carrying water, and extending within said shell between said liquid sodium inlet and said liquid sodium outlet;
an energy absorber wholly within said outer shell having a sidewall defining chamber, a channel opening into said chamber, and a one-way valve, said valve being positioned so that nothing can flow through said channel without flowing through said valve and said valve being operable so that it permits flow only into said chamber until the pressure is reduced to a safe level so that said valve can be opened to allow the contents of said chamber to escape slowly and to eventually flow out of said liquid sodium outlet, said energy absorber being capable of withstanding the pressure resulting from an inadvertant water-sodium reaction over the entirety of said sidewall;
whereby when water is carried by said tubes, said tubes are heated by a stream of liquid sodium flowing from said liquid sodium inlet to-said liquid sodium outlet and said channel extends into said stream of flowing sodium and said chamber con tains gas, an inadvertant sodium-water reaction will result in a pressure buildup which is attenuated because sodium and the products of said reaction will enter said chamber through said channel to compress said gas with the products of said reaction being retained within said energy absorber.
2. The heat exchanger defined in claim 1 wherein said valve is positioned within said channel.
3. The heat exchanger defined in claim 1 wherein said energy absorber comprises a cylinder closed at one end, said channel being positioned at the other end.
4. The heat exchanger defined in claim 3 wherein said cylinder extends generally vertically with the channel being at the lower end thereof. l=

Claims (4)

1. A HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING: AN OUTER SHELL; A LIQUID SODIUM OUTLET IN SAID SHELL; A LIQUID SODIUM INLET IN SAID SHELL; A PLURALITY OF TUBES FOR CARRYING WATER, AND EXTENDING WITHIN SAID SHELL BETWEEN SAID LIQUID SODIUM INLET AND SAID LIQUID SODIUM OUTLET; AN ENERGY ABSORBER WHOLLY WITHIN SAID OUTER SHELL HAVING A SIDEWALL DEFINING CHAMBER, A CHANNEL OPENING INTO SAID CHAMBER, AND A NONE-WAY VALVE, SAID VALVE BEING POSITIONED SO THAT NOTHING CAN FLOW THROUGH SAID CHANNEL WITHOUT FLOWING THROUGH SAID VALVE AND SAID VALVE BEING OPERABLE SO THAT IT PERMITS FLOW ONLY INTO SAID CHAMBER UNTIL THE PRESSURE IS REDUCED TO A SAFE LEVEL SO THAT SAID VALVE CAN BE OPENED TO ALLOW THE CONTENTS OF SAID CHAMBER TO ESCAPE SLOWLY AND TO EVENTUALLY FLOW OUT OF SAID LIQUID SODIUM OUTLET, SAID ENERGY ABSORBER BEING CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING THE PRESSURE RESULTING FROM AN INADVERTANT WATER-SODIUM REACTION OVER THE ENTIRETY OF SAID SIDEWALL; WHEREBY WHEN WATER IS CARRIED BY SAID TUBES, SAID TUBES ARE HEATED BY A STREAM OF LIQUID SODIUM FLOWING FROM SAID LIQUID SODIUM INLET TO SAID LIQUID SODIUM OUTLET AND SAID CHANNEL EXTENDS INTO SAID STREAM OF FLOWING SODIUM AND SAID CHAMBER CONTAINS GAS, AN INADVERTANT SODIUM-WATER REACTION WILL RESULT IN A PRESSURE BUILDUP WHICH IS ATTENUATED BECAUSE SODIUM AND THE PRODUCTS OF SAID REACTION WILL ENTER SAID CHAMBER THROUGH SAID CHANNEL TO COMPRESS SAID GAS WITH THE PRODUCTS OF SAID REACTION BEING RETAINED WITHIN SAID ENERGY ABSORBER.
2. The heat exchanger defined in claim 1 wherein said valve is positioned within said channel.
3. The heat exchanger defined in claim 1 wherein said energy absorber comprises a cylinder closed at one end, said channel being positioned at the other end.
4. The heat exchanger defined in claim 3 wherein said cylinder extends generally vertically with the channel being at the lower end thereof.
US356879A 1973-05-03 1973-05-03 Energy absorber for sodium-heated heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3924675A (en)

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JP49050169A JPS5230644B2 (en) 1973-05-03 1974-05-04

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4209129A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Cooling manifold for multiple solenoid operated punching apparatus
US4286436A (en) * 1980-06-16 1981-09-01 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Falling film freeze exchanger
EP0064920A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-17 Novatome Apparatus for steam generation and heat exchange in a fast breeder reactor
US4368694A (en) * 1981-05-21 1983-01-18 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Leak detection system for a steam generator
FR2509841A1 (en) * 1981-07-17 1983-01-21 Creusot Loire IMPROVEMENT ON SODIUM-WATER STEAM GENERATORS
US4382907A (en) * 1978-06-23 1983-05-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor
US4395810A (en) * 1979-08-08 1983-08-02 Dohryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsujigyodan Method for coating a sodium piping in a fast breeder reactor
EP0089869A1 (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-28 Novatome Liquid-metal heated steam generator having several liquid metal-neutral gas interfaces
US4410037A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-10-18 Kohaszati Gyarepito Vallalat Recuperator
US4442679A (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-04-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Vertical shell and tube heat exchanger with sleeves around upper part of tubes
US4469051A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-09-04 Novatome Emergency shut-off device, in case of leakage of a steam generator tube
FR2563895A1 (en) * 1984-05-04 1985-11-08 Novatome IMPROVEMENT TO CENTRAL BODY GENERATORS OF THE SODIUM-WATER TYPE
US4589478A (en) * 1985-08-19 1986-05-20 United Aircraft Products, Inc. Pressure protected tubular heat exchanger
US4753773A (en) * 1985-05-09 1988-06-28 Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation Double tube steam generator
US4983353A (en) * 1989-03-13 1991-01-08 General Electric Company Novel passive approach to protecting the primary containment barrier formed by the intermediate heat exchanger from the effects of an uncontrolled sodium water reaction
WO2008154434A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Codaoctopus Grouip Inc. Combined pressure compensator and cooling unit
CN110068138A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-30 西安交通大学 A kind of liquid metal sodium direct-type high power heating system and heating means

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JPS6097871U (en) * 1983-12-06 1985-07-03 日本軽金属株式会社 Shoji closing guide device
JPS62203396U (en) * 1986-06-14 1987-12-25
JP2749498B2 (en) * 1993-06-15 1998-05-13 トステム株式会社 Sliding door device

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US2971746A (en) * 1957-08-27 1961-02-14 Foster Wheeler Corp Pressure safety assembly for heat exchangers
US3398789A (en) * 1965-01-25 1968-08-27 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchangers for pressure reacting fluids
US3438431A (en) * 1967-08-25 1969-04-15 Siegfried Dreyer Heat exchanger system
US3583479A (en) * 1968-07-18 1971-06-08 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Pressure relief devices
US3748227A (en) * 1970-10-24 1973-07-24 Interatom Containment system for a sodium cooled reactor

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US2971746A (en) * 1957-08-27 1961-02-14 Foster Wheeler Corp Pressure safety assembly for heat exchangers
US3398789A (en) * 1965-01-25 1968-08-27 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchangers for pressure reacting fluids
US3438431A (en) * 1967-08-25 1969-04-15 Siegfried Dreyer Heat exchanger system
US3583479A (en) * 1968-07-18 1971-06-08 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Pressure relief devices
US3748227A (en) * 1970-10-24 1973-07-24 Interatom Containment system for a sodium cooled reactor

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4382907A (en) * 1978-06-23 1983-05-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor
US4209129A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Cooling manifold for multiple solenoid operated punching apparatus
US4395810A (en) * 1979-08-08 1983-08-02 Dohryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsujigyodan Method for coating a sodium piping in a fast breeder reactor
US4410037A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-10-18 Kohaszati Gyarepito Vallalat Recuperator
US4286436A (en) * 1980-06-16 1981-09-01 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Falling film freeze exchanger
EP0064920A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-17 Novatome Apparatus for steam generation and heat exchange in a fast breeder reactor
US4368694A (en) * 1981-05-21 1983-01-18 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Leak detection system for a steam generator
FR2509841A1 (en) * 1981-07-17 1983-01-21 Creusot Loire IMPROVEMENT ON SODIUM-WATER STEAM GENERATORS
EP0070775A1 (en) * 1981-07-17 1983-01-26 Novatome Water-sodium steam generator
US4452182A (en) * 1981-07-17 1984-06-05 Creusot-Loire Sodium-water type steam generators
EP0089869A1 (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-28 Novatome Liquid-metal heated steam generator having several liquid metal-neutral gas interfaces
US4515109A (en) * 1982-03-11 1985-05-07 Novatome Apparatus for the production of steam by heat exchange between a heat-transfer liquid metal and feed water, comprising several liquid metal/inert gas interfaces
US4469051A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-09-04 Novatome Emergency shut-off device, in case of leakage of a steam generator tube
US4442679A (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-04-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Vertical shell and tube heat exchanger with sleeves around upper part of tubes
FR2563895A1 (en) * 1984-05-04 1985-11-08 Novatome IMPROVEMENT TO CENTRAL BODY GENERATORS OF THE SODIUM-WATER TYPE
EP0167417A1 (en) * 1984-05-04 1986-01-08 Novatome Sodium-water steam generators with a central body
US4624217A (en) * 1984-05-04 1986-11-25 Novatome Steam generators having a central body of the sodium-water type
US4753773A (en) * 1985-05-09 1988-06-28 Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation Double tube steam generator
US4589478A (en) * 1985-08-19 1986-05-20 United Aircraft Products, Inc. Pressure protected tubular heat exchanger
US4983353A (en) * 1989-03-13 1991-01-08 General Electric Company Novel passive approach to protecting the primary containment barrier formed by the intermediate heat exchanger from the effects of an uncontrolled sodium water reaction
WO2008154434A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Codaoctopus Grouip Inc. Combined pressure compensator and cooling unit
CN110068138A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-30 西安交通大学 A kind of liquid metal sodium direct-type high power heating system and heating means
CN110068138B (en) * 2019-04-26 2020-05-15 西安交通大学 Direct high-power heating system and method for liquid sodium metal

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JPS5048541A (en) 1975-04-30
CA989816A (en) 1976-05-25

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