US3901615A - Surface layer for roadways and a process for preparing said layer - Google Patents

Surface layer for roadways and a process for preparing said layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3901615A
US3901615A US473296A US47329674A US3901615A US 3901615 A US3901615 A US 3901615A US 473296 A US473296 A US 473296A US 47329674 A US47329674 A US 47329674A US 3901615 A US3901615 A US 3901615A
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layer
grout
surface layer
weight
granulates
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US473296A
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Marcel Ceintrey
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CHIMIQUE ROUTIERE ET D'ENTREPRISE GENERALE Ste
ROUTIERE ET D ENTREPRISE GENER
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ROUTIERE ET D ENTREPRISE GENER
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
    • E01C7/358—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with a combination of two or more binders according to groups E01C7/351 - E01C7/356

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The invention concerns a new liquidtight rough surface layer for roadways, for example roads and highroads, and the process for preparing said surface layer.
  • a grout comprising, by weight, about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 2040% of filler, and about 30-60% of fine sand, and, immediately after the spreading of the grout and before the cooling thereof, projecting on its surface hard granulates or particles constituting gripping elements.
  • the present invention relates to anew type of surface layer for roadways, in particular roads and highways or motorways, whereby it is possible to conciliate properties which were heretofore incompatible, such as the roughness, the liquidtightness and the resistance to heavy traffic, even in the early part of its life, for a relatively low cost compared to that of conventional layers.
  • the invention also concerns a process for preparing said surface layer.
  • the type which is the most usually employed on roadways having a large .traffic or vehicles is constituted by a mixture of gravel, sand and filler coated with hydrocarbonaceous binder and spread in the hot state at thicknesses of 3 to 20 cm.
  • the liquidtightness is essential to good performance of the roadway and the roughness is also essential to the safety of the user.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new surface layer for roadways which conciliates liquidtightness with roughness and a process for preparing said surface layer.
  • the surface layer according to the invention comprises a layer of about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a solidified grout comprising by weight about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 20-40% of filler and about 30-60% of fine sand in which are set hard granulates or particles constituting gripping elements which project above said layer.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing the surface layer defined hereinbefore, comprising spreading in the hot state on the roadway 4-20 kg/sqm of the grout defined hereinbefore and, immediately after this spreading and before the cooling of the grout, projecting the hard granulates or particles on its surface.
  • a grout comprising, by weight, 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 20-40% of filler and about 30-60% of fine sand having preferably a particle size of 0.1-0.5mm.
  • the spreading is carried out preferably at a temperature between about 130 and 220C.
  • the binder employed comprises advantageously by weight -80% of bitumen having a penetration of 20/30 to 80/100, 10-30% of heavy anthracenic oil, or a chrysene oil (distilling for example between 250 and 400C) and 2-10% of an elastomer such as butadienestyrene polymer, butyl rubber, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl derivatives, chlorinated rubber etc.
  • the filler and the sand are materials conventional in this technique.
  • the grout must adhere to the subjacent layer and must not become unstuck upon cooling, which therefore presupposes a coefficient of expansion in the neighbourhood of that of the support. This is ensured by means of the filler and the fine sand introduced in sufficient proportions.
  • the adherence and the good compatability with the support are obtained owing to' the presence of the heavy anthracenic oil or chrysene oil in the bituminous binder.
  • the invention is not intended to be limited thereto.
  • the presence of such oils enables the temperature of the wetting of the granulates of the gripping layer and of the supports, and also the spreading temperature, to be lowered.
  • the binder must have at all the temperatures usually encountered on the roadway between 15 and +50C, sufficient properties of cohesion to retain the surface granulates even in respect of heavy traffic circulation and intensity. This requires a binder which is not fragile at low temperatures and which remains sufficiently viscous at high temperatures to refrain from rising in the granulates which would reduce the roughness of the surface layer.
  • the amount of granulates spread represent from to of the surface to be treated, which avoids superimposition of granulates which would then be insufficiently adhered to the grout.
  • uncoated granulates may be employed, there are preferably employed granulates pre-coated by a conventional method with hard residual bitumen (having for example a penetration of 20/30 to 60/70 and advantageously 40/50) preferably employed in a proportion of about 0.5 to 1% by weight of the granulates.
  • hard residual bitumen having for example a penetration of 20/30 to 60/70 and advantageously 40/50
  • This pre-coating may be carried out either in the cold state with cationic emulsions of bitumen or preferably in the hot state with bitumen which may have received a filler.
  • y EXAMPLE 1 here is spread on a roadway at a temperature of 150C, k'g/sq.m-"of a grout comprising:
  • JBX M L are spread .on a: roadway 8 kgl sqtm of a grout u There 14615 that if doeis' 5 1311 01 comprising:
  • bitumen (penetration 60/70) 18 parts by weight petroleum oil distilling beyond 300C. butyl rubber calcareous filler v sand 0.1 [05 mm.
  • the granulates are spread at a temperature of 100C.
  • a liquidtight and rough surface layer for roadways comprising a layer of about 420 kg/sq.m of a solidified grout comprising, by weight; about 12-30% of a hydro carbonaceous binder, which comprises, by weight,

Abstract

The invention concerns a new liquidtight rough surface layer for roadways, for example roads and highroads, and the process for preparing said surface layer. According to this process there are spread in the hot state on the roadway about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a grout comprising, by weight, about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 20-40% of filler, and about 30-60% of fine sand, and, immediately after the spreading of the grout and before the cooling thereof, projecting on its surface hard granulates or particles constituting gripping elements.

Description

United States Patent Ceintrey SURFACE LAYER FOR ROADWAYS AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAID LAYER Inventor: Marcel Ceintrey, Marly 1e Roi,
France Societe Chimique Routiere et dEntreprise Generale, Paris, France Filed: May 24, 1974 Appl. No: 473,296
Assignee:
US. Cl. 404/20; 404/19; 106/281 R Int. Cl. EOlC 11/24 Field of Search 404/17, 19, 20, 72, 82;
References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 444,641 3/1936 United Kingdom 404/20 Primary Examiner-Mervin Stein Assistant ExaminerSteven Hawkins Attorney, Agent, or FirmWenderoth, Lind & Ponack 5 7] ABSTRACT The invention concerns a new liquidtight rough surface layer for roadways, for example roads and highroads, and the process for preparing said surface layer.
According to this process there are spread in the hot state on the roadway about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a grout comprising, by weight, about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 2040% of filler, and about 30-60% of fine sand, and, immediately after the spreading of the grout and before the cooling thereof, projecting on its surface hard granulates or particles constituting gripping elements.
2 Claims, N0 Drawings SURFACE LAYER FOR ROADWAYS AND A lllitUClESS FOR PREPARING SAID LAYER The present invention relates to anew type of surface layer for roadways, in particular roads and highways or motorways, whereby it is possible to conciliate properties which were heretofore incompatible, such as the roughness, the liquidtightness and the resistance to heavy traffic, even in the early part of its life, for a relatively low cost compared to that of conventional layers. The invention also concerns a process for preparing said surface layer.
Faced with the high number of accidents due skidding, specialists have considered this problem but have not found satisfactory solutions up to the present time.
The conventional solutions belong to two types:
1. The surface layers in which there is spread on the roadway a hot fluxed bitumen or a cold emulsion of closely similar doses of l kg/sqm 'of residual binder, and then, immediately after, the layer of binder is covered with gravel which are adhered by the binder.
These surface layers are cheap and they have in the early part of their life good roughness but they are rarely very liquidtight and above all, they cannot be employed on roadways having a large traffic of vehicles owing to considerable projection of gravel. Upon aging, the binder rises in the skeleton constituted by the gravel and they loose their roughness. g
2. The type which is the most usually employed on roadways having a large .traffic or vehicles is constituted by a mixture of gravel, sand and filler coated with hydrocarbonaceous binder and spread in the hot state at thicknesses of 3 to 20 cm.
This method has afforded users up to the last few years an even surface having a correct profile. But with increase in the traffic of vehicles this surface rapidly becomes polished. It must be renewed at high expense and, above all, the aforementioned coated product is, owing to its method of manufacture and the manner in which it is employed, either impermeable but has low roughness or permeable but has a roughness which could be improved.
Now, the liquidtightness is essential to good performance of the roadway and the roughness is also essential to the safety of the user.
An object of the present invention is to provide a new surface layer for roadways which conciliates liquidtightness with roughness and a process for preparing said surface layer.
The surface layer according to the invention comprises a layer of about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a solidified grout comprising by weight about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 20-40% of filler and about 30-60% of fine sand in which are set hard granulates or particles constituting gripping elements which project above said layer.
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing the surface layer defined hereinbefore, comprising spreading in the hot state on the roadway 4-20 kg/sqm of the grout defined hereinbefore and, immediately after this spreading and before the cooling of the grout, projecting the hard granulates or particles on its surface.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the ensuing description.
According to the invention, there is first spread in the hot state on the roadway to be coated about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a grout comprising, by weight, 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, about 20-40% of filler and about 30-60% of fine sand having preferably a particle size of 0.1-0.5mm. Y I A The spreading is carried out preferably at a temperature between about 130 and 220C.
The binder employed comprises advantageously by weight -80% of bitumen having a penetration of 20/30 to 80/100, 10-30% of heavy anthracenic oil, or a chrysene oil (distilling for example between 250 and 400C) and 2-10% of an elastomer such as butadienestyrene polymer, butyl rubber, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl derivatives, chlorinated rubber etc.
The filler and the sand are materials conventional in this technique.
The grout must adhere to the subjacent layer and must not become unstuck upon cooling, which therefore presupposes a coefficient of expansion in the neighbourhood of that of the support. This is ensured by means of the filler and the fine sand introduced in sufficient proportions. The adherence and the good compatability with the support are obtained owing to' the presence of the heavy anthracenic oil or chrysene oil in the bituminous binder. Although this means is the simplest and cheapest, the invention is not intended to be limited thereto. Thus, it is also possible to employ the conventional plasticizers of the binders for roadway surface layers. Moreover,.the presence of such oils enables the temperature of the wetting of the granulates of the gripping layer and of the supports, and also the spreading temperature, to be lowered.
The binder must have at all the temperatures usually encountered on the roadway between 15 and +50C, sufficient properties of cohesion to retain the surface granulates even in respect of heavy traffic circulation and intensity. This requires a binder which is not fragile at low temperatures and which remains sufficiently viscous at high temperatures to refrain from rising in the granulates which would reduce the roughness of the surface layer.
This may be achieved in accordance with the invention by the addition to the binder of an elastomer compatible with the bitumen. Among those mentioned hereinbefore, one of the most advantageous is the Cariflex (commercial name of a sequenced polymer of styrene and butadiene manufactured by the company Shell-Chimie).
As soon as the grout has been spread and before it has cooled, there are thrown onto its surface hard granulates adapted to serve as gripping elements for vehicles travelling on the roadway. It is advantageous that the amount of granulates spread represent from to of the surface to be treated, which avoids superimposition of granulates which would then be insufficiently adhered to the grout.
Although uncoated granulates may be employed, there are preferably employed granulates pre-coated by a conventional method with hard residual bitumen (having for example a penetration of 20/30 to 60/70 and advantageously 40/50) preferably employed in a proportion of about 0.5 to 1% by weight of the granulates.
This pre-coating may be carried out either in the cold state with cationic emulsions of bitumen or preferably in the hot state with bitumen which may have received a filler.
I w y I to agglomerate which would hav'eanadverse effecto an even spreading on the 'oth erhand, it must permit the perfect gripping of the granulates by the sur facofthe binder. v This l m ay be attained either by employing cold materials in summer periods'or hot materials in winter periods. The objective is to'reach the suitable temperature for wetting and gripping'for the sys- "'t'emcoimarising the considered" gro'ut and the granulates.
The following examples, to which the invention is not intended to be limited, are given by way of an illustralion-of the invention. t I
y EXAMPLE 1 here is spread on a roadway at a temperature of 150C, k'g/sq.m-"of a grout comprising:
5 men (penetration 40/50) 7 18.75 parts by weight 6 ryseneoil (25010 400C) 5 parts by weight Caritlex, I: v y 3 1.25 parts by weight calcareous filler I I parts by weight siliceous 'l/0.5 mm. 50
JBX M L are spread .on a: roadway 8 kgl sqtm of a grout u There 14615 that if doeis' 5 1311 01 comprising:
bitumen (penetration 60/70) 18 parts by weight petroleum oil distilling beyond 300C. butyl rubber calcareous filler v sand 0.1 [05 mm.
5 parts by weight 3 parts by weight 25 parts by weight 49 parts by weight.
immediately thereafter there are spread over the surface 12 litres/sq.m of granulates or particles of l5/2 0 mm pre-coated with 0.5% by weight of bitumen having a penetration of 40/50.
The granulates are spread at a temperature of 100C.
Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: l
l. A liquidtight and rough surface layer for roadways comprising a layer of about 420 kg/sq.m of a solidified grout comprising, by weight; about 12-30% of a hydro carbonaceous binder, which comprises, by weight,
60-80% of a bitumen having a penetration of 20/30 to

Claims (2)

1. A liquidtight and rough surface layer for roadways comprising a layer of about 4-20 kg/sq.m of a solidified grout comprising, by weight, about 12-30% of a hydrocarbonaceous binder, which comprises, by weight, 60-80% of a bitumen having a penetration of 20/30 to 80/100, 10-30% of an oil selected from the group consisting of a heavy anthracenic oil and a chrysene oil, and 210% of an elastomer; about 20-40% of filler and about 30-60% of find sand; and hard granulates set in said grout layer and constituting gripping elements and projecting above said grout layer.
2. A surface layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elastomer is selected from the group consisting of a butadiene-styrene copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl derivative copolymer, a butyl rubber and a chlorinated rubber.
US473296A 1974-05-24 1974-05-24 Surface layer for roadways and a process for preparing said layer Expired - Lifetime US3901615A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145154A (en) * 1976-02-13 1979-03-20 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Non-skid highway surfacing
US20070086860A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2007-04-19 Shaw Lee A Concrete template and method of use
US20100180528A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Shaw Ronald D Decorative concrete and method of installing the same
US20100293814A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-11-25 Skaja Joseph J Articles prepared using recycled materials and methods of preparation thereof
US20110008594A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Shaw Lee A Concrete template and method of use
US20110305508A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-12-15 Gregory Reed Two Layer Pavement Preservation System

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3050483A (en) * 1960-01-25 1962-08-21 Du Pont Asphalt-chlorinated polyethylene composition for road-making
US3093601A (en) * 1960-06-30 1963-06-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Composition comprising aggregate, rubber and a steam-cracked petroleum resin
US3366500A (en) * 1963-05-20 1968-01-30 Kotal Company Bituminous composition for coating aggregates for road building and the like
US3797951A (en) * 1970-08-10 1974-03-19 Strabag Bau Ag Wearing courses of stone and mastic on pavements

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3050483A (en) * 1960-01-25 1962-08-21 Du Pont Asphalt-chlorinated polyethylene composition for road-making
US3093601A (en) * 1960-06-30 1963-06-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Composition comprising aggregate, rubber and a steam-cracked petroleum resin
US3366500A (en) * 1963-05-20 1968-01-30 Kotal Company Bituminous composition for coating aggregates for road building and the like
US3797951A (en) * 1970-08-10 1974-03-19 Strabag Bau Ag Wearing courses of stone and mastic on pavements

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145154A (en) * 1976-02-13 1979-03-20 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Non-skid highway surfacing
US20070086860A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2007-04-19 Shaw Lee A Concrete template and method of use
US20070248411A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2007-10-25 Shaw Lee A Concrete template and method of use
US20100293814A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-11-25 Skaja Joseph J Articles prepared using recycled materials and methods of preparation thereof
US8653151B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2014-02-18 Aetrex Worldwide, Inc. Articles prepared using recycled materials and methods of preparation thereof
US9114580B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2015-08-25 Aetrex Worldwide, Inc. Articles prepared using recycled materials and methods of preparation thereof
US20100180528A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Shaw Ronald D Decorative concrete and method of installing the same
US9267284B2 (en) 2009-01-21 2016-02-23 Lithocrete, Inc. Decorative concrete and method of installing the same
US9580915B2 (en) 2009-01-21 2017-02-28 Lithocrete, Inc. Decorative concrete and method of installing the same
US20110008594A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Shaw Lee A Concrete template and method of use
US20110305508A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-12-15 Gregory Reed Two Layer Pavement Preservation System

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