US3891024A - Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips - Google Patents

Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips Download PDF

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Publication number
US3891024A
US3891024A US369534A US36953473A US3891024A US 3891024 A US3891024 A US 3891024A US 369534 A US369534 A US 369534A US 36953473 A US36953473 A US 36953473A US 3891024 A US3891024 A US 3891024A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mold
liquid coolant
billet
aluminum
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US369534A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edouard Gervais
Henri Levert
Pierre Chollet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noranda Inc
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Noranda Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Noranda Inc filed Critical Noranda Inc
Priority to US369534A priority Critical patent/US3891024A/en
Priority to CA199,861A priority patent/CA1011924A/en
Priority to AU69557/74A priority patent/AU6955774A/en
Priority to DE19742426979 priority patent/DE2426979A1/de
Priority to IT51486/74A priority patent/IT1013442B/it
Priority to JP49066959A priority patent/JPS5035028A/ja
Priority to FR7420400A priority patent/FR2233123A1/fr
Priority to BE145347A priority patent/BE816241A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3891024A publication Critical patent/US3891024A/en
Assigned to NORANDA INC. reassignment NORANDA INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE MAY 8, 1984 Assignors: NORANDA MINES LIMITED
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B22D11/1248—Means for removing cooling agent from the surface of the cast stock

Definitions

  • a method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips comprises the steps of continuously supplying molten metal to a relatively short mold, continuously applying a liquid coolant to the outer surface of the mold to form an outer shell of solidified metal within the mold, withdrawing the solidified metal in the form of an ingot or strip from the bottom of the mold at a predetermined casting speed, continuously applying a liquid coolant to the surface of the ingot or strip emerging from the mold to cool the ingot or strip, and effectively removing substantially all of the liquid coolant from the surface of the ingot or strip at a distance from the bottom of the mold which is greater than 0.5 times the minimum transverse dimension of the ingot or strip.
  • This invention relates to the continuous casting of castable metal ingots or strips, and more particularly to the casting of zinc-aluminum alloys and of commercial pure aluminum.
  • Canadian Pat. No. 528,229 discloses a method for casting aluminum and aluminum alloys wherein molten metal is continuously supplied to a short open mold which is cooled by applying a liquid coolant to the outer surface of the mold so as to form an outer shell of solidified metal within the mold.
  • the ingot is withdrawn from the bottom of the mold while a liquid cool ant is continuously applied to the surface of the casting so as to cause a relatively rapid freezing of the molten metal and avoidance of a deep molten crater which causes shrinkage porosity.
  • a so-called wiper is located at a certain distance from the bottom of the mold to stop the cooling action and avoid the excessive internal stresses generated by overcooling and resulting in center splits and cracks in the ingot.
  • Water wiping leads to a reduction of the cooling rate in the center of the casting, as well as providing a means to minimize the differential thermal contraction between the center of the casting and layers closer to the surface.
  • the differential thermal contraction of various layers of a casting is well recognized as being the major cause of crack formation in the center of the casting as well as complete casting splitting.
  • the differential thermal contraction originates from the thermal gradient existing during solidification and cooling.
  • the level of coolant removal below the bottom of the mold should be located within a range of from A; to V; times the minimum transverse dimension of the particular ingot being cast.
  • A to V
  • the lowest distance of water removal below the mold bottom would vary between 1.5 to 4 inches and, with a wiper located at such a small distance from the mold bottom, only slow casting speeds can be obtained.
  • casting speeds varying from /8 to 3 inches/minute are disclosed.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1t is therefore the object of the present invention to increase the speed at which metal ingots or strips, and more particularly zinc-aluminum alloys and commercial aluminum can be cast.
  • stripper depends on such factors as alloy composition, cast product dimensions, casting speed, mold length and design, water flow rate and velocity and finally the molten metal feeding arrangement and its effect on turbulence and temperature distribution within the liquid metal crater of the casting.
  • the casting speed depends on the position of water stripping.
  • the casting speed at which sound billets we re produced was proportional to the distance of cooling liquid removal from the mold.
  • Sound billets were cast 5 at speeds varying from 7 to 20 in/min at distances of liquid removal varying from 6 to 22 inches from the bottom of the mold.
  • a 5 inch diameter sound billet of the same composition has also been produced at a speed of 12 in/min when the stripper was located between 3% and 5% inch from the mold bottom.
  • Billets of 3% and 4 inch diameter have also been successfully produced at relatively high speeds with s stripper located about 1.5 to 1.8 times the diameter of the billet.
  • a strip of an alloy containing 22% aluminum, 1% copper and the balance zinc with incidental impurities, measuring 14 inches wide by 0.5 inch thick was cast without cracking at about 15 in/min with a stripper located at 0.5 inch below the mold exit. In this case the distance of the stripper is 1 times the minimum transverse dimension of the strip.
  • the billets had a diameter of 8 inches and were cast at a speed of 17 in/- min with a stripper located at 24 inches below the mold. 1n this case, the distance of the stripper was 3 times the diameter of the billet.
  • FIG. I illustrates a schematical longitudinal, partially sectional view of a mold arrangement that may be used for carrying the method in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a graph showing the relationship between stripper distance from the bottom of the mold and the casting speed in the mold according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically, an apparatus for casting metals such as zinc-aluminum alloys or commercially pure aluminum.
  • molten metal M is introduced into an open top mold 10 and cooling water W into a jacket 11 surrounding such mold. Due to the cooling action of this water, the metal commences to solidify at a point 12 within the mold starting at the edges and continuing as shown by line 13 to a point 14 where the entire billet becomes a solid substance 5.
  • the cooling of the billet coming out of the mold I is stopped by using a water stripper 15 at a level above the full solidification point 14.
  • cooling water which falls down from the jacket 1] onto the surface of the billet which comes out from mold is stripped off by stripper which thereby arrests the cooling action at that level before the solidification of the billet is complete.
  • the mold arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is, however, not limitative and other suitable arrangements may be used although there must be a provision to arrest the cooling of the billet.
  • a jet of compressed air could be used in place ofstripper 15.
  • a closure 16 for the mold having an opening 17 for the introduc tion of the molten metal.
  • the closure may be suitably bolted to separate the different compartments within the jacketed mold and also for support on a suitable platform (not shown) or the like.
  • the cooling water falls down from the jacket 11 which is open at its bottom and cools the billet for a relatively short period of time after it has emerged from the mold and then this cooling water is removed by a stripping device 15 which may be made of any suitable material such as hard rubber and suitably attached by an annular supporting means 18 the height of which with respect to the mold is adjustable. This permits to control the distance of the stripper from the mold in a desired manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows the recommended stripper location as a func tion of casting speed. As shown, casting speeds up to 20 in/min can be easily obtained with stripper location up to 22 inches from the mold bottom. The stripper loca tion from the bottom of the mold is up to 3 times the diameter of the billet, which is much higher than the maximum distance of /z the diameter of the billet disclosed in the above patent.
  • thermocoupies positioned in the solidifying billets.
  • the casting conditions were as follows:
  • the skin thickness at the point of stripping was l.75 inch for the solidus and 2.1 inch for the liquidus; the minimum skin thickness to avoid billet remelting is estimated to be l.2 inch.
  • the minimum skin thickness to avoid billet remelting is estimated to be l.2 inch.
  • the billet center passes through the liquidus tem perature (447C) at about 19 inches from the mold exit whereas it is completely solid (solidus 400C) at about 25 inches from the mold.
  • the production of a crack free casting does not depend on the molten metal crater depth but rather on the skin thickness at the point of stripping since the location of the water stripping devices is related to the time the emerg ing billet is in contact with water.
  • Billets of 3% and 4 inch diameter have also been successfully produced at relatively high speed with a stripper located about L5 to 1.8 times the diameter of the billet from the bottom of the mold.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A 3% inch diameter billet of the following composition: 33% aluminum, 5.2% copper, 0.057 magnesium, the remainder being zinc with incidental impurities, was successfully cast at a speed of 3 in/min combined with water stripping at about 4 inches from the mold bottom. A sound billet was obtained although it is known that this alloy is particularly crack prone. Here again no special effort was made to optimize the casting process and higher casting speeds could most probably be obtained by placing the stripper at a larger distance from the bottom of the mold.
  • the casting speed was 1 l in/min and the point of liquid removal located 0.5 inch below the mold bottom.
  • the casting temperature was 525C and the cooling water flow rate 10 gal/min. Without water stripping it was impossible to produce a crack free strip even at a casting speed of 4 in/min.
  • the distance of coolant removal is higher than 0.5 times the minimum transverse dimension of the casting as mentioned in the above patent: in the present case the distance of coolant removal is 0.7 times the minimum dimension (0.7 in) of the strip.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A strip of 22% aluminum, 1% copper, the balance zine with incidental impurities, measuring 14 inches wide by 0.5 inch thick was cast without cracking under the following experimental conditions:
  • EXAMPLE 7 22 in/min 0.5 inch below the mold exit about 10 gal/min Metal temperature Casting speed Point of stripping Water flow rate
  • a strip of this alloy cast under identical condition as in example 6 above cracked during the casting operation.
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum billets of about inches in diameter at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum billets of about 3% inches in diameter at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum billets of about 3% inch in diameter at rela tively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum strips having a thickness of about 0.7 inch and a width of about 6 inches at relatively high speed comprising the steps of a. continuously supplying a molten zinc-aluminum alloy containing about aluminum, 5% copper, 0.05% magnesium, the balance being zinc with incidental impurities, to a relatively short mold;
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum strips having a thickness of about 0.7 inch and a width of about 6 inches at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum strips having a thickness of about 0.5 inch and a width of about 14 inches at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zinc aluminum strips having a thickness of about 0.5 inch and a width of about 14 inches at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of commercially pure aluminum billets of about 8 inches in diameter at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum billets of about 3% to about 8 inches in diameter at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of zincaluminum strips having a thickness of about 0.5 to about 0.7 inch at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:
  • a method for the continuous casting of aluminum billets at relatively high speed comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US369534A 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips Expired - Lifetime US3891024A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US369534A US3891024A (en) 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips
CA199,861A CA1011924A (en) 1973-06-13 1974-05-14 Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips
AU69557/74A AU6955774A (en) 1973-06-13 1974-05-29 Continuous casting
DE19742426979 DE2426979A1 (de) 1973-06-13 1974-06-04 Stranggussverfahren zum giessen von bloecken oder baendern aus metall
IT51486/74A IT1013442B (it) 1973-06-13 1974-06-11 Metodo per la colata continua di lingotti metallici e simili
JP49066959A JPS5035028A (ja) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12
FR7420400A FR2233123A1 (ja) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12
BE145347A BE816241A (fr) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12 Procede pour la coulee continue de lingots ou de largets

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US369534A US3891024A (en) 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the continuous casting of metal ingots or strips

Publications (1)

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US3891024A true US3891024A (en) 1975-06-24

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3891024A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5035028A (ja)
AU (1) AU6955774A (ja)
BE (1) BE816241A (ja)
CA (1) CA1011924A (ja)
DE (1) DE2426979A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2233123A1 (ja)
IT (1) IT1013442B (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4781239A (en) * 1986-12-03 1988-11-01 Cegedur Societe De Transformation De L'aluminium Pechiney Process and apparatus for casting in a pit, without any explosive risk, of aluminum and its alloys, particularly with lithium
US20110079329A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2011-04-07 Robert Bruce Wagstaff Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
EP2667986A4 (en) * 2011-01-25 2015-12-30 Wagstaff Inc COOLANT CONTROL AND WIPING SYSTEM FOR A CONTINUOUS MELTING METAL FORM
CN108436048A (zh) * 2018-03-27 2018-08-24 银邦金属复合材料股份有限公司 一种铝合金半连续铸造用刮水器及刮挡水的方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5923898B2 (ja) * 1977-07-07 1984-06-05 三協アルミニウム工業株式会社 高ケイ素アルミニウム合金の連続鋳造法
DE3036209A1 (de) * 1980-09-25 1982-05-06 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 94643 Oakland, Calif. Verfahren zum abfuehren von kuehlmittel von gussstuecken und abstreifvorrichtung fuer gussstuecke
GB8400426D0 (en) * 1984-01-09 1984-02-08 Alcan Int Ltd Casting metals
US8813827B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2014-08-26 Novelis Inc. In-situ homogenization of DC cast metals with additional quench
CN107470574B (zh) * 2017-08-15 2019-04-23 东北大学 一种铝合金铸锭的高速半连续铸造装置及方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2705353A (en) * 1952-04-04 1955-04-05 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of continuous casting
US2799068A (en) * 1953-09-03 1957-07-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of casting metals
US2871529A (en) * 1954-09-07 1959-02-03 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for casting of metal
US3653425A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-04-04 Dow Chemical Co Method of removing coolant from metal surfaces
US3748188A (en) * 1971-11-01 1973-07-24 Noranda Mines Ltd Screw machining material and method of preparing same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2705353A (en) * 1952-04-04 1955-04-05 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of continuous casting
US2799068A (en) * 1953-09-03 1957-07-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of casting metals
US2871529A (en) * 1954-09-07 1959-02-03 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for casting of metal
US3653425A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-04-04 Dow Chemical Co Method of removing coolant from metal surfaces
US3748188A (en) * 1971-11-01 1973-07-24 Noranda Mines Ltd Screw machining material and method of preparing same

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4781239A (en) * 1986-12-03 1988-11-01 Cegedur Societe De Transformation De L'aluminium Pechiney Process and apparatus for casting in a pit, without any explosive risk, of aluminum and its alloys, particularly with lithium
US20110079329A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2011-04-07 Robert Bruce Wagstaff Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
EP2283949A3 (en) * 2005-10-28 2012-04-11 Novelis Inc. Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
US8458887B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2013-06-11 Novelis Inc. Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
US9073115B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2015-07-07 Novelis Inc. Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
US9802245B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2017-10-31 Novelis Inc. Homogenization and heat-treatment of cast metals
EP2667986A4 (en) * 2011-01-25 2015-12-30 Wagstaff Inc COOLANT CONTROL AND WIPING SYSTEM FOR A CONTINUOUS MELTING METAL FORM
CN108436048A (zh) * 2018-03-27 2018-08-24 银邦金属复合材料股份有限公司 一种铝合金半连续铸造用刮水器及刮挡水的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6955774A (en) 1974-08-15
CA1011924A (en) 1977-06-14
IT1013442B (it) 1977-03-30
JPS5035028A (ja) 1975-04-03
BE816241A (fr) 1974-09-30
DE2426979A1 (de) 1975-01-09
FR2233123A1 (ja) 1975-01-10

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Owner name: NORANDA INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:NORANDA MINES LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004307/0376

Effective date: 19840504