US3887002A - Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser - Google Patents

Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
US3887002A
US3887002A US436877A US43687774A US3887002A US 3887002 A US3887002 A US 3887002A US 436877 A US436877 A US 436877A US 43687774 A US43687774 A US 43687774A US 3887002 A US3887002 A US 3887002A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
condensate
manifold
shaped tubes
pluralities
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US436877A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willem Schoonman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CB&I Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Lummus Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lummus Co filed Critical Lummus Co
Priority to US436877A priority Critical patent/US3887002A/en
Priority to AR257440A priority patent/AR204346A1/es
Priority to ZA00750410A priority patent/ZA75410B/xx
Priority to CA218,616A priority patent/CA1006155A/en
Priority to AU77599/75A priority patent/AU497280B2/en
Priority to AT53375*#A priority patent/AT330814B/de
Priority to IT67184/75A priority patent/IT1027381B/it
Priority to BE152744A priority patent/BE824824A/xx
Priority to IN167/CAL/75A priority patent/IN143722B/en
Priority to ES434205A priority patent/ES434205A1/es
Priority to GB3758/75A priority patent/GB1493045A/en
Priority to JP1107075A priority patent/JPS5728877B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3887002A publication Critical patent/US3887002A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/10—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/197—Indirect-contact condenser including means for removing condensate from vapor flow path to bypass portion of vapor flow path
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/90—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the main section of the exchanger comprises a plurality of U-tubes, each connected at one end to an inlet manifold and at the other end to a collection manifold for receiving liquid. Cooling air flows cocurrently with the condensing or cooling vapor, thus preventing subcooling or freezing.
  • a second section comprises additional U-tubes. for cooling and/or condensing uncondensed vapors from the main section.
  • a U-tube of the second section is connected to each of the condensing collecting manifolds of the first section. ln a preferred embodiment, the second section of U-tubes is located in the same plane as the main section, and adjacent to the vapor inlet to the main section.
  • This invention is an improvement over the air-cooled heat exchanger disclosed in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,621, issued Dec. 12, 1972.
  • This patent discloses an air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling and/or condensing gases or liquids, having two groups of U-shaped tubes. One end of each of the U-shaped tubes is connected to an inlet manifold. The other end of each U- shaped tube is connected to a manifold for collecting cooled liquid or condensate. Each group of U-tubes is connected to a separate collection manifold.
  • the two groups of U-tubes are so disposed that the cooling air first flows over the upstream legs of the first group of tubes (connected to the inlet manifold), then over the upstream legs of the second group of tubes, then over the downstream legs of the second group of tubes (connected to one of the collection manifolds) and finally over the downstream legs of the first group of tubes (connected to the other collection manifold).
  • Such an arrangement permits approximate equalization of the condensation in all tubes, although it does not equalize pressure in all the tubes.
  • air-cooled vapor condensers are often equipped with additional sections, generally referred to as after-condensers or sub-cooling sections, for condensing and recovering this uncondensed vapor.
  • the invention comprises:
  • an air-cooled heat exchanger for condensing vapors comprising a first plurality of U-shaped tubes connected at one end to a vapor inlet manifold and at the other end to a first condensate manifold, a second plureality of U-shaped tubes connected at one end to a vapor inlet manifold and at the other end to a second condensate manifold, and means for directing air to flow over the external surfaces of the tubes, the improvemen comprising third and fourth condensate manifolds, .hird and fourth pluralities of substantially U-shaped tubes, each tube having an upstream leg and a downstream leg, the third plurality of the tubes connected at the end of the upstream leg to the second condensate manifold and at the end of the downstream leg to the third condensate manifold, the fourth plurality of substantially U-shaped tubes connected at the end of the upstream leg to the first condensate manifold and at the end of the downstream leg to the fourth condensate manifold
  • FIG. 1 is a partial top view of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a cutaway elevational view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents a partial top view of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 represents a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 taken along line 4-4;
  • FIG. 5 represents a cross-sectionai view of the main condenser shown in FIG. 4 taken along line 5-5;
  • FIG. 6 represents a cross-sectional view of the aftercondenser shown in FIG. 4 taken along line 6-6.
  • the apparatus comprises a vapor inlet manifold 10, connected to a source of vapor (not shown) such as steam.
  • a source of vapor such as steam.
  • the vapor flows into the upstream legs 12a, 14a of the U-tubes of the main condensing section. These are joined to the corresponding downstream legs 12b, 14b by U-shaped bends 13, resulting in continuous U- shaped tubes.
  • the downstreamlegs 12b, 14b terminate respectively in condensate collecting manifolds l6 and I8. Condensate flows down through these manifolds by gravity, and is removed in condensate collecting pipe 36 and drain 38.
  • the air flow is directed by fan 40 or other motive means, which may include baffles (not shown) such that the cooling air first contacts the hottest vapor in the upstream legs 12a of the outermost row of U-tubes.
  • the partially heated air then comes into contact with the upstream legs 14a of an inner row of U-tubes, then with the downstream legs 14b of an inner row of U-tubes, and finally the warmed air contacts the downstream legs 12b of the outer row of U-tubes.
  • the downstream legs 12b, 14b contain a mixture of uncondensed vapor and'condensate (e.g., steam and water).
  • the air flows generally cocurrently with the flow of vapor and condensate.
  • the tubes 12a, 14a, etc. are preferably arranged in what is known as a triangular pitch, that is, the tubes are staggered with respect to tubes 124 so that a combination of two tubes in any row, for example tubes of the row 12a with the nearest tube in the other row (140), forms a triangle.
  • the tubes 12b and 14b are arranged in a triangular pitch. This permits maximum use of the cold air, so that any air which passes between the tubes 12a will be encountered by tubes 14a.
  • the row of tubes 14a, 14b is preferably situated within the area enclosed by the U-shape of tubes 12a, 12b.
  • the tubes may be integral or composed of several sections connected together, as by welding.
  • the figures 3 depict the apparatus as having two sets of l lkfil l 12. I4) joined by U-bends, with two condensate manifolds (16, I8).
  • the exchanger may have three or more sets of U-tubes, each with its accompanying condensate manifolds.
  • the upstream legs 20a, 22a of the U- shaped tubes of the after-condenser Connected to condensate manifolds I8 and 16 respectively are the upstream legs 20a, 22a of the U- shaped tubes of the after-condenser.
  • the upstream legs 20a, 220 are connected to the corresponding downstream legs 20b, 22b by Ubends 21.
  • the outer row of U-tubes 120, b in the main condensing section is connected through its condensate manifold 16 to an inner row of U-tubes 22a, b in the aftercondenser.
  • the inner row of U-tubes 140, b of the main condensing section is connected through its condensate manifold 18 to the outer row of U-tubes 20a, b of the after-condenser.
  • the tubes of the after-condenser are, similarly to those in the main condenser section, either integral or composed of several sections connected together, and are also preferably arranged in a triangular pitch.
  • the air is directed to flow first over the upstream legs 200, then over the upstream legs 22a, then over the downstream legs 22b, and finally over the downstream legs 20b, before exiting from the apparatus.
  • the outer row of U-shaped tubes 20a, 20b terminates in condensate collecting manifold 24, and the inner U-shaped tubes 22a, 22b terminate in condensate collecting manifold 26. Condensate is drained from these manifolds by collector 36 and drainpipe 38.
  • Drainpipe 38 is preferably connected to a loop-seal construction (not shown).
  • the loop-seal results in the maintenance of a water level in the lower portion of the condensate manifolds I6, 18, 24 and 26. Uncondensed and uncondensiblc gases are trapped in the manifolds and are drawn through the after-condenser U-tubes 20 and 22 and the steam/air takeoff (as described below).
  • FIGS. I and 2 depict two embodiments of apparatus for removing condensate and uncondensed vapors from the after-condenser section.
  • the con densate is drained from collection manifolds 24 and 26 via collector 36 and drainpipe 38, together with the condensate from manifolds l6 and 18 while the uncondensed gases are removed via tubes 30 and 32 respectively, and outlet 34.
  • the uncondensed gas (air and some steam) takeoff section com prises tubes which are arranged perpendicularly to the flow of steam and condensate in the U-tubes, and are cooled by the same air stream, subsequent to its passage over the U-tubes.
  • FIG. 1 the con densate is drained from collection manifolds 24 and 26 via collector 36 and drainpipe 38, together with the condensate from manifolds l6 and 18 while the uncondensed gases are removed via tubes 30 and 32 respectively, and outlet 34.
  • the conden sate and uncondensed gases are removed via a common outlet 42 connected to manifolds 24 and 26, and the condensate and uncondensed gases are separated in another unit.
  • Other methods of removing the condensate and uncondensed gases will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the U-tubes of the after-condenser section are located at a point in the apparatus adjacent to the vapor source.
  • vapor steaml is introduced into the lower portion of ⁇ apor inlet 10.
  • the after-condenser U-tubcs 20, 22 are located near the bottom of the heat exchanger apparatus.
  • the vapor (steam) is introduced into are upper portion of vapor inlet 10, and the tubes 27 ⁇ ,
  • the tubes 20, 22 of the aftercondenser are situutcd so 3.1: to partially overlap the plane of the tubes 12, I4 of the main condensing sec tion.
  • the air distribution to the after-condenser section is assisted by the use of baffles 28. These may also be used in the other embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 36 depict another embodiment of the invention, in which the tubes of the after-condenser are located in the same plane as those of the main condenser.
  • the condensate collecting manil5 folds I6 and 18 are connected to auxiliary manifolds l7 and 19 respectively, to which are connected the upstream legs 22a, a, respectively of the U-tubes of the after-condenser.
  • the remaining aspects of this embodi ment are the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2, and condensate and uncondensed gases may be removed from manifolds 24 and 26 by any of the means shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIGS. I and 3 depict only one pair of U-tubes in each of the main and after-condenser sections. In practice, however, each section will be comprised of numerous pairs of U-tubes, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the tubes may be arranged horizontally, but are preferably sloped, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, to permit drainage of condensate by gravity.
  • a common factor in a design of equipment of this type is the necessity of preventing sub-cooling and consequent freezing of condensate in the tubes of the exchanger. Few of the designs devised to overcome or prevent this problem have proven suitable for use in extreme weather conditions, e.g., at low ambient temperatures, Nor are most designs sufficiently versatile for use in areas of the world in which the temperature may vary widely from season to season.
  • sub cooling of the condensate may be prevented, even at low ambient temperatures.
  • the invention is not limited, however, to use at such temperatures; it can be used in any situation in which vapor is to be condensed by indirect heat exchange with cooling air. In fact.
  • sub-cooling does not only occur at low ambient temperatures but may also take place at higher temperatures in operational situa tions in which the vapor flows at a low rate, and condensate accumulates in the tubes. Such may be the case, for example, with varying flow rates of vapor, such as may occur from a turbine or other equipment having variable usage or loading.
  • the danger of freezing or sub-cooling of condensate produced in the after-condenser sections of air-cooled heat exchangers is also a problem. This danger is particularly present if the after-condenser is cooled by a stream of air in a separate unit from the main condenser. as the flow rate of steam passing through the tubes of the after-condenser will be less than that of the main condenser since most of this steam has been condensed. Since the steam is now more diluted with air than in the main condenser, this diluted steam will be heat exchanged against compara tively cold cooling air.
  • the present design possesses safeguards against the freezing or sub-cooling of condensate in both the main and after condenser sections. Because of the cocurrent flow of air and steam, the danger of sub cooling the condensate in the downstream legs of the tubes 12b, 14b, b. and 22b is eliminated, since the air which is heat exchanged against the condensate (which is present in greater amounts in these sections than the corresponding upstream sections of the tubes) has been warmed by previous contact with hot steam. Similarly, though condensate may accumulate in the bottom of manifolds 16, 18, 24, and 26, there is no danger of subcooling here, since air passing over the manifolds has been sufficiently warmed by previous contact with the U-tubes.
  • An additional advantage of the construction of the present invention is that it permits substantial equalization of the condensation of vapor in the various tubes.
  • the greatest amount of condensation will take place in the row of tubes closest to the source of cooling air, since these tubes will be contacted by the air at its coldest temperature.
  • the condensation in U-tubes 12 and 14, for example will be approximately the same. This is because while the upstream leg 12a of the U-tube 12 is contacted by the coldest stream of air, the downstream leg of the same tube 12b, is contacted by the air which has been substantially warmed. while both legs 14a and 14b of the inner U-tube are contacted by air at intermediate temperatures.
  • both legs 14a and 14b of the inner U-tube are contacted by air at intermediate temperatures.
  • the U-tubes 20 and 22 of the after-condenser In the same fashion, the temperature of the air passing over each U-tube of each pair becomes substantially equalized.
  • an air-cooled heat exchanger for condensing vapors having a main condensing section comprising a first outer plurality of U-shaped tubes having upstream legs connected to a vapor inlet manifold and downstream legs connected to a first condensate manifold,
  • the improvement comprising an after-condensing section comprising third and fourth condensate manifolds, a second outer plurality of U-shaped tubes connected at one end to the second condensate manifold and at the other end to the third condensate manifold, a second inner plurality of U-shaped tubes having upstream legs connected to the first condensate manifold and downstream legs connected to the fourth manifold, the second inner plurality of U-shaped tubes being located within the space enclosed within the second outer plurality of U-shaped tubes, means for draining conden sate from the third and fourth condensate manifolds, means for condensate vapor from the second outer and inner pluralities of U-shaped tubes, the tubes being so disposed that the same air stream passes over the external surfaces of the tubes of
  • the means for removing uncondensed vapors from the second inner and outer pluralities of U-shaped tubes comprises a first substantially straight tube connected to the third condensate manifold and a second substantially straight tube connected to the fourth condensate manifold, said straight tubes overlaying and being substantially perpendicular to the U-shaped tubes and being so disposed as to be contacted by the air stream subsequent to its passing over the external surfaces of the U- shaped tubes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US436877A 1974-01-28 1974-01-28 Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser Expired - Lifetime US3887002A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US436877A US3887002A (en) 1974-01-28 1974-01-28 Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
AR257440A AR204346A1 (es) 1974-01-28 1975-01-01 Mejoras en intercambiadores de calor enfriados por aire para condensar vapores
ZA00750410A ZA75410B (en) 1974-01-28 1975-01-21 Air-cooled heat exchanger with aftercondenser
AU77599/75A AU497280B2 (en) 1974-01-28 1975-01-24 Air cooled heat exchanger
AT53375*#A AT330814B (de) 1974-01-28 1975-01-24 Luftgekuhlter warmeaustauscher
CA218,616A CA1006155A (en) 1974-01-28 1975-01-24 Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
IT67184/75A IT1027381B (it) 1974-01-28 1975-01-27 Scambiatore di calore raffreddato ad aria con post condensatore
BE152744A BE824824A (fr) 1974-01-28 1975-01-27 Echangeur de chaleur refroidi par air, presentant un post-condenseur
IN167/CAL/75A IN143722B (de) 1974-01-28 1975-01-28
ES434205A ES434205A1 (es) 1974-01-28 1975-01-28 Perfeccionamientos en cambiadores de calor refrigerados poraire.
GB3758/75A GB1493045A (en) 1974-01-28 1975-01-28 Heat exchanger
JP1107075A JPS5728877B2 (de) 1974-01-28 1975-01-28

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US436877A US3887002A (en) 1974-01-28 1974-01-28 Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser

Publications (1)

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US3887002A true US3887002A (en) 1975-06-03

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US436877A Expired - Lifetime US3887002A (en) 1974-01-28 1974-01-28 Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US3887002A (de)
JP (1) JPS5728877B2 (de)
AR (1) AR204346A1 (de)
AT (1) AT330814B (de)
AU (1) AU497280B2 (de)
BE (1) BE824824A (de)
CA (1) CA1006155A (de)
ES (1) ES434205A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1493045A (de)
IN (1) IN143722B (de)
IT (1) IT1027381B (de)
ZA (1) ZA75410B (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2372643A1 (fr) * 1976-12-06 1978-06-30 Hudson Products Corp Appareil de condensation de vapeurs contenant des gaz non condensables
FR2381546A1 (fr) * 1976-12-06 1978-09-22 Hudson Products Corp Faisceau de tubes destine a un appareil de condensation de vapeurs contenant des gaz non condensables
US4129180A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-12-12 Hudson Products Corporation Vapor condensing apparatus
US4232729A (en) * 1978-06-01 1980-11-11 South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corp., Limited Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling industrial liquids
US4417619A (en) * 1978-06-05 1983-11-29 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4513813A (en) * 1981-02-18 1985-04-30 Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. Air-cooled steam condenser
US4537248A (en) * 1978-06-05 1985-08-27 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
EP0346848A2 (de) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-20 Michael William Larinoff Luftgekühlter Dampfkondensator mit Vakuum
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
EP0369298A1 (de) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-23 Michael William Larinoff Luftgekühlter Dampfkondensator mit Vakuum und Schutz gegen Vereisung
WO2018183371A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Cooling tower with direct and indirect heat exchanger

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US686432A (en) * 1901-08-23 1901-11-12 Frederick W Wolf Steam-condenser.
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
US3705621A (en) * 1971-06-25 1972-12-12 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US686432A (en) * 1901-08-23 1901-11-12 Frederick W Wolf Steam-condenser.
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
US3705621A (en) * 1971-06-25 1972-12-12 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2372643A1 (fr) * 1976-12-06 1978-06-30 Hudson Products Corp Appareil de condensation de vapeurs contenant des gaz non condensables
FR2381546A1 (fr) * 1976-12-06 1978-09-22 Hudson Products Corp Faisceau de tubes destine a un appareil de condensation de vapeurs contenant des gaz non condensables
US4129180A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-12-12 Hudson Products Corporation Vapor condensing apparatus
US4232729A (en) * 1978-06-01 1980-11-11 South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corp., Limited Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling industrial liquids
US4537248A (en) * 1978-06-05 1985-08-27 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4417619A (en) * 1978-06-05 1983-11-29 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4513813A (en) * 1981-02-18 1985-04-30 Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. Air-cooled steam condenser
EP0346848A2 (de) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-20 Michael William Larinoff Luftgekühlter Dampfkondensator mit Vakuum
EP0346848A3 (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-02-14 Michael William Larinoff Improved air-cooled vacuum steam condenser
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
EP0369298A1 (de) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-23 Michael William Larinoff Luftgekühlter Dampfkondensator mit Vakuum und Schutz gegen Vereisung
WO2018183371A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Cooling tower with direct and indirect heat exchanger
US11029093B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-06-08 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Cooling tower with direct and indirect heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1027381B (it) 1978-11-20
ATA53375A (de) 1975-10-15
AU7759975A (en) 1976-07-29
BE824824A (fr) 1975-05-15
JPS50112606A (de) 1975-09-04
AT330814B (de) 1976-07-26
IN143722B (de) 1978-01-21
GB1493045A (en) 1977-11-23
ES434205A1 (es) 1976-12-01
JPS5728877B2 (de) 1982-06-18
CA1006155A (en) 1977-03-01
AU497280B2 (en) 1978-12-07
AR204346A1 (es) 1975-12-22
ZA75410B (en) 1976-01-28

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