US3885542A - Engine ignition system adapted to prevent engine rotation in the wrong direction - Google Patents

Engine ignition system adapted to prevent engine rotation in the wrong direction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3885542A
US3885542A US402625A US40262573A US3885542A US 3885542 A US3885542 A US 3885542A US 402625 A US402625 A US 402625A US 40262573 A US40262573 A US 40262573A US 3885542 A US3885542 A US 3885542A
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United States
Prior art keywords
operative
voltage
winding
charging generator
triggering signal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US402625A
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English (en)
Inventor
Georg Haubner
Walter Hofer
Peter Schmaldienst
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/02—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors
    • F02P7/03—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P1/00—Installations having electric ignition energy generated by magneto- or dynamo- electric generators without subsequent storage
    • F02P1/08—Layout of circuits
    • F02P1/086—Layout of circuits for generating sparks by discharging a capacitor into a coil circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P11/00—Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P11/02—Preventing damage to engines or engine-driven gearing

Definitions

  • the ignition system of an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft includes a charging generator having a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and having an electrical output winding, the
  • the charging generator being operative for generating an A.C. output voltage.
  • the system furthermore includes an ignition capacitor.
  • a rectifying stage connects the output winding of the charging generator to the ignition capacitor, and is operative for applying across the ignition capacitor voltage half-cycles of only one predetermined polarity.
  • An ignition transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding.
  • a fuel igniting unit is connected across the secondary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • a discharge circuit connects the ignition capacitor to the primary winding of the ignition transformer and includes an electronic discharge switch having a control input. The discharge circuit is operative when the electronic discharge switch is conductive for discharging the ignition capacitor through the electronic discharge switch and through the primary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • a triggering signal generator has a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and has an electrical output connected to the control input of the electronic discharge switch for controlling the .conductivity of the latter, and is operative for producing triggering signals synchronized with voltage half-cycles produced by said charging generator.
  • a control circuit is connected to the triggering signal generator and is connected to the charging generator and is operative for preventing the triggering signal generator from rendering the discharge switch conductive when the voltage half-cycle being generated by the charging generator is of a predetermined first polarity and is operative for permitting the triggering signal generator to render the discharge switch conductive when the voltage half-cycle being generated by the charging generator is of opposite second polarity.
  • the invention relates to ignition systems for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to ignition systems for engines of the type where each spark plug, or other ignition unit, of the ignition system is provided with a separate respective charging capacitor connected via a respective charging diode to the charging winding of a generator coupled with a rotating shaft of the engine, such as the engine crankshaft, and furthermore provided with a discharge current path connected to the ignition capacitor, the discharge current path including the primary winding of a charging transformer whose secondary winding is connected across the spark plug, and furthermore an electronic switch connected in the ignition capacitor discharge path, for releasing the flow of ignition capacitor discharge current through the primary winding of the ignition transformer at the appropriate time. 7
  • the AC. voltage furnished by the charging generator is applied to a rectifying stage and then to a low-pass filter stage, so as to be applied to the ignition capacitor as a flat DC. voltage.
  • this prior-art system made use of a thyristor.
  • the anode of the thyristor was connected to the tap of a voltage divider, the voltage divider being supplied with the aforementioned flat D.c. voltage.
  • the thyristor was rendered conductive by suitably designed means for applying a triggering signal thereto, whereupon the voltage available at the aforementioned voltage-divider tap was applied to the gate electrode of a further thyristor actually connected in the ignition capacitor discharge current path, in order to render the latter conductive.
  • the ignition capacitor discharges through the primary winding of the ignition transformer, thereby inducing a very high magnitude voltage spike across the secondary winding of the ignition transformer, resulting in the generation of an igniting spark by the spark plug connected across the secondary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • This known arrangement has the disadvantage that it operates in a manner which prevents an engine from operating in the wrong or undesired direction, only if it is used in conjunction with a multiple-cylinder engine provided with a suitable ignition distributor.
  • the proper sequence of ignition in the several engine cylinders is established by the ignition distributor device, so that rotation of the engine crankshaft in the wrong or undesired direction is prevented.
  • the ignition system will not be capable of preventing the engine from being started up and continuing to operate in the wrong direction.
  • the means for generating the triggering signals is provided in the form of a magnetic generator having a magnetically conductive rotor configurated to have circumferentially successive steep edges separated from each other by gradually sloping portions, so that such rotor has a generally sawtooth-type configuration, with one side of each tooth being extremely steep and the other side of each such tooth having a very gradual slope.
  • the inductive pick-up associated with the thusly conflgurated rotor will apply to the discharge thyristor a triggering signal when the engine turns in the correct direction in response to the passage by such pickup of the steep flank of the rotor tooth, but in response to the passage by the pick-up of the gradually sloping flank the voltage induced in the pick-up will be too low to trigger the thyristor when the engine turns in the incorrect direction.
  • a difficulty with this known construction is the development of interference signals such as are capable of improperly rendering the discharge thyristor conductive, to permit ignition, even with the engine turning in the wrong direction.
  • This can happen at high speeds, for instance when an engine: is started up by pulling with great force an engine-starting cable or rope, such as used on the outboard motors of small boats.
  • the voltages associated with the steep flanks of the rotor will still be higher than those associated with the gradually sloping flanks thereof.
  • the voltages associated with the gradually sloping flanks will be of considerable magnitude, and may reach magnitudes sufficient to render the discharge thyristor conductive with the engine turning in the wrong direction.
  • an ignition system of an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft which includes a charging generator having a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and having an electrical output winding, the charging generator being operative for generating an AC. output voltage.
  • the system furthermore includes an ignition capacitor.
  • a rectifying stage connects the output winding of the charging generator to the ignition capacitor, and is operative for applying across the ignition capacitor voltage half-cycles of only one predetermined polarity.
  • An ignition transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding.
  • a fuel igniting unit is connected across the secondary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • a discharge circuit connects the ignition capacitor to the primary winding of the ignition transformer and includes an electronic discharge switch having a control input.
  • the discharge circuit is operative when the electronic discharge switch is conductive for discharging the ignition capacitor through the electronic discharge switch and through the primary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • a triggering signal generator has a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and has an electrical output connected to the control input of the electronic discharge switch for controlling the conductivity of the latter, and is operative for producing triggering signals synchronized with voltage half-cycles produced by said charging generator.
  • a control circuit is connected to the triggering signal generator and is connected to the charging generator and is operative for preventing the triggering signal generator from rendering the discharge switch conductive when the voltage half-cycle being generated by the charging generator is of a predetermined first polarity and is operative for permitting the triggering signal generator to render the discharge switch conductive when the voltage half-cycle being generated by the charging generator is of opposite second polarity.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of certain aspects of the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graphical depiction of certain aspects of the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical depiction of certain aspects of the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.
  • the magnetic generator shown in FIG. 1 is comprised of a stationary charging winding 1, a stationary triggering signal generator including a triggering signal generator output winding 2, and a rotating permanently magnetic pole wheel 3.
  • the charging winding 1 is connected via a diode 4 with a voltage divider composed of resistors 5 and 6.
  • the voltage-divider tap 7 is connected to the base of an npn transistor 8 with the emitter of transistor 8 being connected to ground.
  • the collector of transistor 8 is connected via a second diode 9 with the gate electrode of a thyristor or SCR 10.
  • the triggering signal generator winding 2 is connected across the collector-emitter path of transistor 8.
  • the cathode of thyristor 10 is connected to ground.
  • the anode is connected ground, via theprimary winding of the ignition transformer 11 and via an ignition capacitor 12.
  • the terminal of capacitor 12 not connected directly to ground is connected, via a third diode 13 and the first diode 4, with the charging widing l.
  • a fourth diode I4 shunts the primary winding of the ignition transformer 11.
  • the secondary winding of the ignition transformer 11 has one terminal connected to ground and an other terminal connected to a (non-illustrated) spark plug.
  • the triggering signal generator including the winding 2 is more fully described in the US. Pat. No. 3648675 or in the copending US. application Ser. No. 309429, filing date Nov. 24, 1972.
  • the operation of the circuit of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the desired correct direction of rotation for the pole wheel 3 is clockwise, as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the undesired or incorrect direction of rotation for pole wheel 3 is counterclockwise.
  • the pole wheel 3 is turning in the correct direction, the first positive voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1 is applied via charging diodes 4 and 13 to the ignition capacitor 12.
  • Charge accumulates on the ignition capacitor 12, because its discharge path is non-conductive due to the fact that discharge thyristor 10 is non-conductive.
  • the succeeding negative voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1 renders charging diode 4 non-conductive, so that ignition capacitor 12 receives no more charging current.
  • the voltage-divider resistors S and 6 carry no current, the base-emitter junction of transistor 8 will not be forward-biased, and the collector-emitter path of transistor 8 will be nonconductive.
  • the triggering signal generating means 2 applies a triggering voltage via capacitor 9 to the gate electrode of thyristor 10, rendering thyristor l0 conductive.
  • the capacitor 12 discharges through the primary winding of the ignition transformer 11 and through the now-conductive thyristor 10. The resulting high-magnitude voltage spike induced across the secondary winding of ignition transformer 11 is applied to the spark plug or other igniting element of the internal combustion engine.
  • the conductive collector-emitter path of transistor 8 diverts the triggering signal generated across the winding 2 to ground, since the threshold voltage of the second diode 9 and of the gate-cathode path of thyristor I9 is higher than the voltage across the collector-emitter path of transistor 8, under these conditions. Thyristor 10 accordingly is not rendered conductive and therefore no ignition impulse is generated.
  • an ignition pulse will be generated upon the coincidence of a positive voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1 and a triggering signal generated across winding 2.
  • the geometric and circuit arrangement of the armature of the triggering signal generating means and of the charging means must be changed accordingly.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1 with the following differences:
  • the voltage divider tap 7 is connected directly to the gate electrode of thyristor 10, via the second diode 9.
  • the voltage-divider tap 7 is furthermore connected to ground, via the emitter-collector path of a pnp transistor 100 and fifth diode 101.
  • the base of transistor 100 is connected to ground, via the output winding 2 of the triggering signal generating means and a resistor 102 connected in parallel to winding 2.
  • the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 4. If pole wheel 3 is turning in the correct direction, then the first positive voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1 will be applied via charging diodes 4 and 13 to ignition capacitor 12, to charge the same.
  • the voltage-divider tap 7 establishes at the emitter of transistor 100 a potential more positive than the base potential of transistor 100, and transistor 100 becomes conductive. The voltage at voltage-divider tap 7 is now dependent upon the collector-emitter voltage of transistor 100 and the anode-cathode voltage of diode 101.
  • thyristor 10 remains non-conductive.
  • the first negative voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1 renders diode 4 nonconductive, and no current appears.
  • a triggering signal appears across the winding 2 of the triggering signal generating means during the second positive voltage half-cycle of the voltage generated across charging winding 1.
  • Current flows through resistor 102, raising the base voltage of transistor 100, and thereby rendering transistor 100 non-conductive.
  • the potential at voltage-divider tap 7 rises, and thyristor 10 becomes conductive.
  • the ignition spark is produced in the manner described with reference to FIG. I. If the engine is turning in the wrong direction, then, during the times of generation of the triggering signal, the voltage across the charging winding 1 will be negative. The diode will be non-conductive and current will not be able to reach thyristor 10. Thyristor 10 will remain non-conductive, and no ignition spark will be generated.
  • circuit portion I is identical to the circuit shown in FIG. 1, and circuit portion II is the mirror image thereof.
  • the charging winding 1 of circuit portion I and the charging winding 201 of circuit portion II share a common core.
  • the circuit components in circuit portion II are designated by numerals 200 greater than the numerals designating the corresponding circuit components of circuit portion I.
  • the circuit operation is correspondingly different from that of FIG. 1.
  • the voltage appearing on the triggering signal output windings l and 201 are phase-shifted relative to each other by 180.
  • the respective voltage waveforms are depicted in 6 FIG. 6 and correspond to those shown in FIG. 2.
  • the two upper voltage waveforms represent the voltage waveforms generated in both the circuit portions I and II when the engine is rotating in the correct direction, whereas the two lower voltage waveforms correspond to engine rotation in the wrong direction. Per rotation of the pole wheel an ignition spark is generated for each of the two spark plugs.
  • charging generator means having a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and having an electrical output winding and operative for generating an AC output voltage
  • ignition capacitor means rectifying means connecting said output winding of said charging generator means to said ignition capacitor means and operative for applying across said ignition capacitor means voltage half-cycles of only one predetermined polarity
  • an ignition transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; a fuel igniting unit connected across said secondary winding; circuit means connecting said ignition capacitor means to said primary winding and including an electronic discharge switch having a control input and operative when said discharge switch is conductive for discharging said ignition capacitor means through said electronic discharge switch and through said primary winding of said ignition transformer
  • triggering signal generating means having a mechanical input coupled to said engine crankshaft and having an electrical output connected to said control input of said electronic discharge switch for controlling the conductivity of the latter and operative for producing triggering signals synchronized with voltage half-cycles produced by said charging generator
  • said triggering signal generating means comprises an electromechanical triggering signal generator having an, output winding connected to said control input of said discharging switch and operative for periodically generating triggering signals in synchronism with the generation of voltage half-cycles by said charging generator means
  • said control means comprises diverting means connected to said output winding of said charging generator means and connected to said output winding of said triggering signal generator and operative for diverting triggering signals produced by said triggering signal generator away from said control input of said electronic switch when the voltage half-cycle being generated across said output winding of said charging generator means is of said predetermined first polarity
  • said diverting means comprises a semiconductor switch circuit having an input connected to said output winding of said charging generator means and having an output current path connected across said output winding of said triggering signal generator and operative when the voltage halfcycle being generated across said output winding of said charging generator means is of said predetermined first polarity for substantially short-circuiting said output winding of said triggering signal generator.
  • said semiconductor switch circuit is comprised of a transistor having an emitter-collector path connected across said output winding of said triggering signal generator, connecting means connecting the base of said transistor to the output winding of said charging generator means and operative when the voltage half-cycle being generated across said output winding of said charging generator means is of said first polarity for applying to the base of said transistor a voltage such as to render said transistor conductive.
  • said connecting means comprises a voltage divider having two end terminals and a voltage-divider tap, one of said end terminals being connected to one terminal of said output winding of said charging generator means, and a diode having one electrode connected to the other terminal of said output winding of said charging generator means and having an other electrode connected to the other end terminal of said voltage divider, and said voltage-divider tap being connected to the base of said transistor, and said diode having such a polarity as to render said transistor conductive when the voltage being generated across said output winding of said charging current generator means is of said first polarity.
  • charging generator means having a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and having an electrical output winding and operative for generating an AC output voltage
  • ignition capacitor means rectifying means connecting said output winding of said charging generator means to said ignition capacitor means and operative for applying across said ignition capacitor means voltage half-cycles of only one predetermined polarity
  • an ignition transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; a fuel igniting unit connected across said secondary winding; circuit means connecting said ignition capacitor means to said primary winding and including an electronic discharge switch having a control input and operative when said discharge switch is conductive for discharging said ignition capacitor means through said electronic discharge switch and through said primary winding of said ignition transformer;
  • triggering signal generating means having a mechanical input coupled to said engine crankshaft and having an electrical output connected to said control input of said electronic discharge switch for controlling the conductivity of the latter and operative for producing triggering signals synchronized with voltage half-cycles produced by said charging generator means; and control means
  • charging generator means having a mechanical input coupled to the engine crankshaft and having an electrical output winding and operative for generating an AC output voltage
  • ignition capacitor means rectifying means connecting said output winding of said charging generator means to said ignition capacitor means and operative for applying across said ignition capacitor means voltage half-cycles of only one predetermined polarity
  • an ignition transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; a fuel igniting unit connected across said secondary winding; circuit means connecting said ignition capacitor means to said primary winding and including an electronic discharge switch having a control input and operative when said discharge switch is conductive for discharging said ignition capacitor means through said electronic discharge switch and through said primary winding of said ignition transformer
  • triggering signal generating means having a mechanical input coupled to said engine crankshaft and having an electrical output connected to said control input of said electronic discharge switch for controlling the conductivity of the latter and operative for producing triggering signals synchronized with voltage half-cycles produced by said charging generator means; and control means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US402625A 1972-10-02 1973-10-01 Engine ignition system adapted to prevent engine rotation in the wrong direction Expired - Lifetime US3885542A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2248293A DE2248293C2 (de) 1972-10-02 1972-10-02 Kondensator-Zündanlage für Brennkraftmaschinen

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US3885542A true US3885542A (en) 1975-05-27

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US402625A Expired - Lifetime US3885542A (en) 1972-10-02 1973-10-01 Engine ignition system adapted to prevent engine rotation in the wrong direction

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US (1) US3885542A (sv)
JP (1) JPS4971330A (sv)
DE (1) DE2248293C2 (sv)
ES (1) ES419234A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2201720A5 (sv)
IT (1) IT993962B (sv)
SE (1) SE384250B (sv)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964461A (en) * 1973-12-15 1976-06-22 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Capacitor type magneto ignition system with diode-protected shutdown switch
US4718394A (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-01-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition device for an internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54155323A (en) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-07 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Igniter for internal combustion engine
SE457373B (sv) * 1986-03-14 1988-12-19 Svenska Electromagneter Anordning foer styrning av triggfoerlopp vid kondensatortaendsystem saerskilt foer foerbraenningsmotorer
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3554179A (en) * 1969-06-19 1971-01-12 Phelon Co Inc Antireverse trigger for an ignition system
US3598098A (en) * 1968-05-02 1971-08-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangment for internal combustion engines
US3722488A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-03-27 T Swift Capacitor discharge system
US3791363A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-02-12 Rosch R Gmbh Electronically controlled reversal-proof magneto ignition system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1369469A (fr) * 1963-07-02 1964-08-14 Motobecane Ateliers Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs d'allumage électronique des moteurs à combustion interne
JPS519084A (en) * 1974-07-12 1976-01-24 Tatsuo Nishimura Haienchuno yuosankabutsuto aruminyuumumataha sonokagobutsutokara gyoshiuzaioseizosuru hoho

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3598098A (en) * 1968-05-02 1971-08-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangment for internal combustion engines
US3554179A (en) * 1969-06-19 1971-01-12 Phelon Co Inc Antireverse trigger for an ignition system
US3722488A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-03-27 T Swift Capacitor discharge system
US3791363A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-02-12 Rosch R Gmbh Electronically controlled reversal-proof magneto ignition system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964461A (en) * 1973-12-15 1976-06-22 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Capacitor type magneto ignition system with diode-protected shutdown switch
US4718394A (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-01-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition device for an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES419234A1 (es) 1976-03-01
IT993962B (it) 1975-09-30
DE2248293A1 (de) 1974-04-18
FR2201720A5 (sv) 1974-04-26
SE384250B (sv) 1976-04-26
JPS4971330A (sv) 1974-07-10
DE2248293C2 (de) 1982-05-13

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