US3869037A - Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom - Google Patents
Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom Download PDFInfo
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- US3869037A US3869037A US339656A US33965673A US3869037A US 3869037 A US3869037 A US 3869037A US 339656 A US339656 A US 339656A US 33965673 A US33965673 A US 33965673A US 3869037 A US3869037 A US 3869037A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- ABSTRACT A very high carbon, high vanadium alloy steel is prepared in which there is a specific relationship between carbon and vanadium, said steel containing chromium and molybdenum levels, together with balanced carbon and vanadium contents, so as to render said steel forgeable.
- Forged articles made from said steel after heat treatment to a hardness of 59 to 67 Rockwell C are highly resistant to abrasion and are suitable for a wide variety of uses where a wear resistant steel is required and conventional manufacturing techniques are employed. 4
- Typical wear resistant alloys which are commercially available are AISI A-7 which has a nominal weight percent analysis of 2.30% carbon, 0.40% silicon, 0.70% manganese, 1.10% tungsten, 1.10% molybdenum, 5.25% chromium and 4.75% vanadium, and AISI D-7 having the same analysis except that the weight percent of manganese content is 0.40, the weight percent of chromium is 12.50, the weight percent of vanadium is 4.00 and the alloy contains no tungsten. Alloys of these general types are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,575,219 and 2,575,218, respectively. Higher carbon-vanadium alloys are not commercially produced because of manufacturing problems.
- One of the objects of this invention is to provide new and improved ferrous alloy steels.
- a further object is to provide new and improved ferrous alloy steels which are forgeable.
- Another object of the invention is to provide abrasive resistant articles made by forging the aforesaid new and improved ferrous alloy steels.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a new and useful ferrous alloy steel which can be forged. into various types of articles using standard manufacturing techniques which articles can be heat treated by standard methods and can be hardened all the way through.
- FIG. 1 illustrates graphically the heat treating data for a composition of the invention showing the asquenched hardness as a function of austenitizing tem- BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
- a ferrous alloy steel is provided having the following chemical analysis:
- V is the level of vanadium within the range of 6.0 to 10.0% and [0.7 0.18(V 0.7)] is the amount of vanadium dissolved in the steel matrix.
- a ste l 2f the .fstes9 nasqmnsrs al a a ysis. is forgeable provided suitable chromium and molybdenum levels are used.
- the weight ratio of chromium to molybdenum is preferably within the range of 1.35:1 to 1.85:1, preferably 1.35:1 to 1.45:1.
- These steels are forgeable at temperatures within the range of 2,050F. to 2,200F.
- Forged articles produced from these steels can be heat treated to a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 63 by conventional methods and within a range of 65 to 67 by deep freezing at F. for 1 hour.
- Their wear resistance as shown by a standard grindability test is approximately three. times greater than a commercial wear resistant steel AISI A-7.
- the ferrous alloy article is austenitized for 30 minutes at 1,.750F., quenched in air or in a straightening press, tempered for 2 hours at 350F. with air cooling and tempered for 2 hours at 300F. with air cooling. This will usually produce a hardness of 61/62 Rockwell C.
- Additions of silicon, manganese and tungsten may be made to the ferrous alloy composition in amounts up to dard grindability test in which grindability is determined as a ratio of volume of metal removed from the specimen to volume removed from the grinding wheel. Comparisons were also made with other wear resistant 1% to suit accepted melting practices without detri- 5 steels and the results are shown in the following table mental effect. (Table I):
- C is approximately l.l 0.2% V where C is carbon and V is vanadium. Materially higher carbon contents reduce forgeability and response to heat treatment. Materially lower carbon contents reduce forgeability and wear resistance.
- EXAMPLE I Two short 7 inch ingots (300 pounds) were cast from air induction furnaces. The chemical compositions were as follows:
- FIG. 1 represents the as quenched hardness as a function of austenitizing temperature for three quenching media.
- the specimens were hardened to a minimum hardness of 65 Rockwell C in oil, salt and air by quenching from 1,500F., 1,625F. and 1,675F., respectively.
- Tempering data as presented in FIGS. 2 and 3 show the tempered hardness as a function of austenitizing temperature. The general curve shape is the same for tempered and as quenched data? Maximum hardness is about 65 Rockwell C for a 400F. temper, 63 Rockwell C for a 600F. temper, after austenitizing at 1,750F.
- AISI T-15 is a high speed tungsten-cobalt type steel containingthe following weight percentages of chemical elements:
- the invention makes it possible to prepare high carbon, high vanadium ferrous alloys which are forgeable. Articles made from these alloys have a wear resistance approximately three times as great as commercially acceptable materials such as AlSl A-7. Generally accepted heat treatment methods can be used to obtain desired properties and generally accepted manufacturing techniques can be employed to make various types of articles.
- the ferrous alloys of the invention are especially useful for the manufacture of liners for brick molds, liners for shot blasting equipment, liners for sand slingers, extrusion dies for ceramics, blanking rings and punches for saws, deep drawing dies, drawing dies for wire and special shapes, crane roller bushings, meat slicer blades, wear plates, rolls, forming dies, gauges, slitters and cutters, and wear edges.
- a ferrous alloy steel having the following chemical analysis:
- a ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following chemical analysis:
- a ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage:
- a ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage.
- An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 1, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
- An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 2, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
- An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 3, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
- An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 4, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
- An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 5, said steel haaving a composition as claimed in claim 6, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3. l k 5*
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Abstract
A very high carbon, high vanadium alloy steel is prepared in which there is a specific relationship between carbon and vanadium, said steel containing chromium and molybdenum levels, together with balanced carbon and vanadium contents, so as to render said steel forgeable. Forged articles made from said steel after heat treatment to a hardness of 59 to 67 Rockwell C are highly resistant to abrasion and are suitable for a wide variety of uses where a wear resistant steel is required and conventional manufacturing techniques are employed.
Description
[ FERROUS ALLOY AND ABRASIVE RESISTANT ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM [75] Inventors: Richard J. Henry, Latrobe; Robert A. Cary, Greensburg, both of Pa.
[73} Assignee: Teledyne Mid-America Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif.
[22] Filed: Mar. 12, 1973 [21] App]. No.: 339,656
[52] [1.8. Cl 198/37, 75/126 A, 75/126 C, 75/126 E, 75/126 H, 75/128 B, 75/128 D,
[51] Int. Cl... C22c 39/14, C22c 39/26, C22c 39/54 [58] Field of Search 75/126 E, 128 V, 126 A, 75/126 C, 126 H, 128 D, 128 B, 128 W; 148/38, 37
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,982,421 1 H1934 Emmons 148/3 1 2,575,219 1 H1951 Giles 75/126 E 1 Mar. 4, 1975 2,644,747 7/1953 Eder 75/128 v 2,662,010 12/1953 Ahles 75/126 E 2,949,356 8/1960 Hughes 75/128 v 3,692,515 Fletcher 75/126 E Primary E.\'aminerC. Lovell Assistant E.\'aminerArthur J. Steiner Attorney, Agent, 0r,FirnzJohnston, Keil, Thompson & Shurtleff [57] ABSTRACT A very high carbon, high vanadium alloy steel is prepared in which there is a specific relationship between carbon and vanadium, said steel containing chromium and molybdenum levels, together with balanced carbon and vanadium contents, so as to render said steel forgeable. Forged articles made from said steel after heat treatment to a hardness of 59 to 67 Rockwell C are highly resistant to abrasion and are suitable for a wide variety of uses where a wear resistant steel is required and conventional manufacturing techniques are employed. 4
12 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures FERROUS ALLOY AND ABRASIVE RESISTANT ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM BACKGROUND bon and 12% vanadium but an air hardening steel of this analysis is extremely difficult to forge and to cut in the annealed condition. Similarly, forgeable steels can be made with 9% vanadium and 3% carbon but forgeable analyses do not harden all the way through. Steels of this general type are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,174,281 to 2,174,286.
Typical wear resistant alloys which are commercially available are AISI A-7 which has a nominal weight percent analysis of 2.30% carbon, 0.40% silicon, 0.70% manganese, 1.10% tungsten, 1.10% molybdenum, 5.25% chromium and 4.75% vanadium, and AISI D-7 having the same analysis except that the weight percent of manganese content is 0.40, the weight percent of chromium is 12.50, the weight percent of vanadium is 4.00 and the alloy contains no tungsten. Alloys of these general types are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,575,219 and 2,575,218, respectively. Higher carbon-vanadium alloys are not commercially produced because of manufacturing problems.
OBJECTS One of the objects of this invention is to provide new and improved ferrous alloy steels.
A further object is to provide new and improved ferrous alloy steels which are forgeable.
Another object of the invention is to provide abrasive resistant articles made by forging the aforesaid new and improved ferrous alloy steels.
A further object of the invention is to provide a new and useful ferrous alloy steel which can be forged. into various types of articles using standard manufacturing techniques which articles can be heat treated by standard methods and can be hardened all the way through.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
THE DRAWINGS In the drawings: FIG. 1 illustrates graphically the heat treating data for a composition of the invention showing the asquenched hardness as a function of austenitizing tem- BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention a ferrous alloy steel is provided having the following chemical analysis:
Ingredients Percent by Weight Carbon 2.2-3 .5 Chromium 2.5-5 .0 Vanadium 6.0- l 0.0 Molybdenum 1.5-3 .0 Silicon 0 -1 .0 Sulfur 0 -0.03 Tungsten 0 l .0 Nickel 0 -3 .0 Phosphorus 0 41.03 Manganese 0 -1 .0 Cobalt 0 5 .0
the remainder consisting essentially of iron, the relationship between carbon and vanadium being determined by the equation:
C= 1.25 0.236[V [0.7 0.18(V 0.7)]]
where C is carbon, V is the level of vanadium within the range of 6.0 to 10.0% and [0.7 0.18(V 0.7)] is the amount of vanadium dissolved in the steel matrix.
Despite the high carbon and high vanadium contents, a ste l 2f the .fstes9 nasqmnsrs al a a ysis. is forgeable provided suitable chromium and molybdenum levels are used. The weight ratio of chromium to molybdenum is preferably within the range of 1.35:1 to 1.85:1, preferably 1.35:1 to 1.45:1. These steels are forgeable at temperatures within the range of 2,050F. to 2,200F. Forged articles produced from these steels can be heat treated to a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 63 by conventional methods and within a range of 65 to 67 by deep freezing at F. for 1 hour. Their wear resistance as shown by a standard grindability test is approximately three. times greater than a commercial wear resistant steel AISI A-7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Within the range of chemical composition previously given, especially good results are obtained by preparing ferrous alloy steelscontaining 2.9% to 3.1% by weight carbon, 2.5% to 3.0% by weight chromium, 8.75% to 9.25% by weight vanadium, 1.8% to 2.2% by weight molybdenum, 0.75% to 1.0% by weight silicon, a maximum of 1.0% by weight tungsten, a maximum of 1.0% by weight nickel, 0.4 to 0.6% by weight'manganese, a maximum of 1.0% by weight cobalt, a maximum of 0.03% sulfur and a maximum of 0.03% phosphorus.
In evaluating the compositions of the invention different alloys having chemical analyses within the aforementioned limits were prepared and pieces 21 inches long and 7 inches in square cross section were forged on a 1,000 ton press at a temperature within the range of 2,050 to 2,150F. These pieces were then subjected to heat treatment in order to produce a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 63. They were also subjected to a deep freeze treatment at 100F. for 1 hour to raise the Rockwell C hardness to within the range of 65 to 67.
In a typical heat treatment, the ferrous alloy article is austenitized for 30 minutes at 1,.750F., quenched in air or in a straightening press, tempered for 2 hours at 350F. with air cooling and tempered for 2 hours at 300F. with air cooling. This will usually produce a hardness of 61/62 Rockwell C.
Additions of silicon, manganese and tungsten may be made to the ferrous alloy composition in amounts up to dard grindability test in which grindability is determined as a ratio of volume of metal removed from the specimen to volume removed from the grinding wheel. Comparisons were also made with other wear resistant 1% to suit accepted melting practices without detri- 5 steels and the results are shown in the following table mental effect. (Table I):
TABLE 1 Austeni- Tempering Grindability tizing Temp- Temperadices Hardness perature ture Rockwell C" Grade F. F. 1 2 Avg.
B-292l 1500 400 .28 .24 .26 60.8 1750 400 .28 .30 .29 61.1 1750 600 .30 .30 .30 60.1 AlSl A-7 1775 275 .91 .85 .88 65.2 AlSl T-l5 2250 1000 .52 .49 .51 67.3 AlSl M-4 2225 1000 .56 .55 .56 65.5
Additions of cobalt up to 5% and nickel up to 3% In the foregoing table B-2921 represents a composimay be made without detriment to performance but are not recommended since these elements raise cost without substantially improving performance.
While the actual equation showing the relationship between carbon and vanadium is the one previously stated, a simplified equation to obtain the best combination of wear resistance and forgeability is: C is approximately l.l 0.2% V where C is carbon and V is vanadium. Materially higher carbon contents reduce forgeability and response to heat treatment. Materially lower carbon contents reduce forgeability and wear resistance.
The invention will be further illustrated but is not limited by the following examples in which the quantities are by weight unless otherwise stated.
EXAMPLE I Two short 7 inch ingots (300 pounds) were cast from air induction furnaces. The chemical compositions were as follows:
An attempt was made to forge the ingots on a 1,000 ton press at temperatures within the range of 2,050F. to 2,150F. Heat B2920 did not forge. Heat B2921 forged surprisingly well.
Forged specimens from heat B2921 were then heat treated as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 represents the as quenched hardness as a function of austenitizing temperature for three quenching media. The specimens were hardened to a minimum hardness of 65 Rockwell C in oil, salt and air by quenching from 1,500F., 1,625F. and 1,675F., respectively. Tempering data as presented in FIGS. 2 and 3 show the tempered hardness as a function of austenitizing temperature. The general curve shape is the same for tempered and as quenched data? Maximum hardness is about 65 Rockwell C for a 400F. temper, 63 Rockwell C for a 600F. temper, after austenitizing at 1,750F.
The various specimens were then subjected to a stantion of the invention and the last three compositions are commercially available steels. The chemical composition of AISl A-7 has previously been given herein. AISI T-15 is a high speed tungsten-cobalt type steel containingthe following weight percentages of chemical elements:
carbon 0.30% manganese 0.30% silicon 4.50% chromium 5.00% vanadium 13.00% tungsten 0.50% molybdenum 5 .00% cobalt AlSl M-4 is a tungsten-molybdenum type high speed steel containing the following weight percentages of chemical elements:
1 .30% carbon 0.30% manganese 0.30% silicon 4.50% chromium 4.00% vanadium 6.00% tungsten 4.50 molybdenum EXAMPLE II Heat A-964l was prepared with the following chemical analysis in weight percentages:
2.90% carbon 0.97% silicon 0.37% manganese 0.03% sulfur 0.007% phosphorus 2.96% chromium 2.03% molybdenum 8.60% vanadium This composition forged well and the laboratory test for wear resistance showed a grindability index of 0.29. A brick mold liner prepared from this composition was used effectively in the manufacture of 7,100 bricks whereas a similar mold liner made from AlSl A-7 was effective for the manufacture of only 3,000 bricks. In additional tests the ferrous alloy from heat A-9641 has out-performed AlSl A-7 by a margin of 3:1.
The invention makes it possible to prepare high carbon, high vanadium ferrous alloys which are forgeable. Articles made from these alloys have a wear resistance approximately three times as great as commercially acceptable materials such as AlSl A-7. Generally accepted heat treatment methods can be used to obtain desired properties and generally accepted manufacturing techniques can be employed to make various types of articles.
The ferrous alloys of the invention are especially useful for the manufacture of liners for brick molds, liners for shot blasting equipment, liners for sand slingers, extrusion dies for ceramics, blanking rings and punches for saws, deep drawing dies, drawing dies for wire and special shapes, crane roller bushings, meat slicer blades, wear plates, rolls, forming dies, gauges, slitters and cutters, and wear edges.
Inasmuch as the grindability index of articles made from ferrous alloy steels in the manner previously described usually does not exceed three tenths, it will be recognized that the invention is applicable to many high wear applications in the refractories industry and in other industries.
The invention is hereby claimed as follows:
1. A ferrous alloy steel having the following chemical analysis:
the remainder consisting essentially of iron, the relationship between carbon and vanadium being determined by the equation:
C 1.25 -l- 0.236 [V,, [0.7 +0.l8(V 0.7)]] where C is carbon, V is the level of vanadium within the range of 6.0 to 10.0% and [0.7 0. 18(V 0.7)] is the amount of vanadium dissolved in the steel matrix, said composition capable of being forged, austenitized, quenched and tempered to produce a substantially tempered martensitic structure which shows a hardness of about 59-67 Rockwell C and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
2. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim l in which the ratio of chromium to molybdenum is within the range of 1.35 to 1.85.
3. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following chemical analysis:
Ingredients Percent by Weight Carbon 2.9-3. 1 Chromium 2.5-3.0 Vanadium 8.75-9.25 Molybdenum 1.8-2.2 Silicon 0.75-l.0 Sulfur 0-0.03 Tungsten 0-l .0 Nickel O-l .0 Phosphorus 0-0.03 Manganese 0.4-0.6 Cobalt O-l .0.
4. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 3 in which the ratio of chromium to molybdenum is within the range of 1.35 to 1.45.
. 5. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage:
carbon 2.93% silicon 0.76% manganese 0.23% sulfur 0.01 8% phosphorus 0.0l 1% chromium 2.74% vanadium 8.76% molybdenum 1.96%.
6. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage.
carbon 2.90% silicon 0.97% manganese 0.37% sulfur 0.03% phosphorus 0.007% chromium 2.96% molybdenum 2.03% vanadium 8. 60%.
7. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 1, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
8. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 2, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
9. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 3, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
10. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 4, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
11. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 5, said steel haaving a composition as claimed in claim 6, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3. l k 5*
Claims (12)
1. A FERROUS ALLOY STEEL HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:
2. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 in which the ratio of chromium to molybdenum is within the range of 1.35 to 1.85.
3. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following chemical analysis:
4. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 3 in which the ratio of chromium to molybdenum is within the range of 1.35 to 1.45.
5. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage:
6. A ferrous alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 having the following approximate chemical analysis in weight percentage.
7. AN ABRASION RESISTANT ARTICLE FORMED BY FORGING, AUSTENITIZING, QUENCHING AND TEMPERING A FERROUS ALLOY STEEL HAVING A COMPOSITION AS CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1, SAID ARTICLE HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY MARTENSITIC STRUCTURE, A ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS WITHIN THE RANGE OF 59 TO 67 AND A GRINDABILITY INDEX NOT EXCEEDING APPROXIMATELY.3.
8. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 2, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
9. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 3, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
10. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 4, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
11. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel having a composition as claimed in claim 5, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
12. An abrasion resistant article formed by forging, austenitizing, quenching and tempering a ferrous alloy steel haaving a composition as claimed in claim 6, said article having a substantially martensitic structure, a Rockwell C hardness within the range of 59 to 67 and a grindability index not exceeding approximately 0.3.
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| US339656A US3869037A (en) | 1973-03-12 | 1973-03-12 | Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom |
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| US339656A US3869037A (en) | 1973-03-12 | 1973-03-12 | Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4702771A (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1987-10-27 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. | Wear-resistant, sintered iron alloy and process for producing the same |
| US4880461A (en) * | 1985-08-18 | 1989-11-14 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Super hard high-speed tool steel |
| US6582765B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2003-06-24 | Borgwarner, Inc. | Carbide coated steel articles and method of making them |
| JP2015030070A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-16 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Projection material for shot-peening having high-hardness long-life |
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| US2575219A (en) * | 1951-01-10 | 1951-11-13 | Latrobe Electric Steel Company | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom |
| US2644747A (en) * | 1950-02-20 | 1953-07-07 | Louise J Eder | Ferrous alloys |
| US2662010A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1953-12-08 | Gen Electric | Cast tool steel |
| US2949356A (en) * | 1958-03-28 | 1960-08-16 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
| US3692515A (en) * | 1968-07-30 | 1972-09-19 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and abrasion resistant articles thereof |
-
1973
- 1973-03-12 US US339656A patent/US3869037A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1982421A (en) * | 1933-02-08 | 1934-11-27 | Cleveland Twist Drill Co | Nitrided article of manufacture |
| US2644747A (en) * | 1950-02-20 | 1953-07-07 | Louise J Eder | Ferrous alloys |
| US2575219A (en) * | 1951-01-10 | 1951-11-13 | Latrobe Electric Steel Company | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom |
| US2662010A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1953-12-08 | Gen Electric | Cast tool steel |
| US2949356A (en) * | 1958-03-28 | 1960-08-16 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
| US3692515A (en) * | 1968-07-30 | 1972-09-19 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and abrasion resistant articles thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4702771A (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1987-10-27 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. | Wear-resistant, sintered iron alloy and process for producing the same |
| US4880461A (en) * | 1985-08-18 | 1989-11-14 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Super hard high-speed tool steel |
| US6582765B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2003-06-24 | Borgwarner, Inc. | Carbide coated steel articles and method of making them |
| JP2015030070A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-16 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Projection material for shot-peening having high-hardness long-life |
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