US3867059A - Reversible multi-stage hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Reversible multi-stage hydraulic machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867059A
US3867059A US410898A US41089873A US3867059A US 3867059 A US3867059 A US 3867059A US 410898 A US410898 A US 410898A US 41089873 A US41089873 A US 41089873A US 3867059 A US3867059 A US 3867059A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pump
passage
machine
turbine
stages
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US410898A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Fauconnet
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Sulzer Escher Wyss AG
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Escher Wyss AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/91—Reversible between pump and motor use

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT stage hydraulic machine having a [30] Foreign Application Priority Data A ibl mminimum of three stages where the wheels are disposed on a common shaft; one of the wheels is dis- Oct. 31, 1973 Switzerland............ .4 15846/73 415/153, 415/500 posed with its suction aperture directed on the opposite side to the suction apertures of the wheels of the other stages and is arranged back to back to its adjacent wheel; jointly and simultaneously regulable distributors are arranged each on the periphery of the wheels arranged each other back to back; a set of ob- [51] Int. CLFOld 13/02, FOld 1/30, F01d 1/00 [58] Field of Search [56] References Cited turators in the machine makes it possible for at least UNITED STATES PATENTS one stage to be put out of action.
  • the present invention relates to a reversible hydraulic machine having a minimum of three stages, and so designed as to be able to put one or more stages out of service at will, the wheels in the said machine being disposed on the common shaft.
  • reversible hydraulic machines coupled to an alternator-motor and rotating at the same angular velocity in both directions of rotation reach their conditions of maximum efficency as turbines with heads which are from to 40 percent greater than the elevation heights obtained under maximum efficency conditions during pumping; consequently, a reversible single-stage hydraulic machine cannot generally be so dimensioned as to operate as a turbine in the head range corresponding to its optimum efficiency.
  • This results in a regrettable loss of energy which often justifies having recourse to ternary or isogyre solutions these utilising two wheels with different traces and situated each on separate passage of flow for conditions of operation as a turbine or as a pump.
  • Wheels required to operate under turbine conditions are preferably fed by means of a directable distributor. Under any head this device makes it possible to adjust the flow while retaining the highest possible efficiency.
  • a simplification consists in providing distributors only for some of the wheels during turbine operation. However, the distribution of the head over the stages is hereby unbalanced, which is detrimental to efficiency and makes it necessary to limit the range of adjustment.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve greater efficiency in reversible multi-stage hydraulic machines initially described, accompanied by better distribution of the head over the under turbine conditions required stages.
  • this object is achieved in the case of a reversible multi-stage hydraulic machine comprising at least three stages in which the wheels are disposed on a common shaft by disposing at least one of the wheels with its suction aperture directed on the opposite side to the suction apertures of the wheels of the other stages and by arranging this wheel back to back to the wheel in the adjacent stage, further by disposing a set of obturators in the machine for putting at least one of the stages out of action, and more further by arranging each one regulable distributor in the two adjacent stages in which said wheel are arranged each other back to back and the distributors being regulable jointly and simultaneously.
  • At least one of the set of obturators for putting at least one stage out of action is of the cylindrical type commonly known as a sleeve valve.
  • one of the obturators is a doubleaction sleeve valve.
  • FIG. 1 is a view thereof in longitudinal section, whereby on the left the machine being adjusted for the pumpand on the right for the turbine operating is shown.
  • FIG. 2 is a view thereof in cross-section on the line Il-Il in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section, similar to- FIG. 1, of the variant, showing a machine equipped with a set of different obturators, whereby on the left the machine being adjusted for the pumpand on the right for the turbine operating is shown.
  • FIG. 4 is a view thereof in cross-section on the line IVlV in FIG. 3.
  • the machine shown in FIG. 1 and 2 comprises a shaft 1 which is carried by bearings (not shown) and on which are disposed three wheels numbered 2, 3 and 4; the suction aperture of the wheel 2 is directed on the opposite side to the suction apertures of the wheels 3 and 4 (its blading is arranged accordingly) and this wheel 2 is arranged back to back to the wheel 4 which is in the adjacent stage relatively to the wheel 2.
  • Shafts 7 each carry a guide blade of the distributor 5 and a guide blade of the distributor 6.
  • Connecting rods 8 mounted on the shafts 7 and driven in known manner by the single and common regulating ring 9 permits simultaneous adjustment of the angular position of all the blades of the distributors 5 and 6, thus effecting simultaneous adjustment of the admission of water to the wheels 4 and 2 of the machine and a balanced distribution of the head over the wheels 4 and 2.
  • Ducts 10 and 11 situated beyond the distributors 5 and 6, in relation to the wheels 4 and 2, are formed in such a manner as to lead to a crossing part 12.
  • This part of known shape, enables the ducts 10 to lead to a spiral casing 13 by way of a path 12a, while the ducts 11 pass through apertures 12b in the part 12, these apertures bringing them into communication with the remainder of the machine.
  • these ducts are divided into two branches 14 and 15.
  • the branch 14 rejoins the suction aperture of the wheel 3.
  • the branch 15 is directed towards the suction aperture of the wheel 4 to which it leads through a duct 16 after passing the junction of a return duct 17 of the wheel 3.
  • the ducts 14 and 15 can be alternately closed by an obturator 18 shown in FIG. 1 in the form of a double action sleeve valve.
  • Another sleeve valve 19 disposed on the periphery of the wheel 3 can at will close the return duct 17.
  • the machine is designed to operate as a turbine with the two stages corresponding to the wheels 4 and 2 only, and to operate as a pump with the three stages on action.
  • valves 18 and 19 are situated in the positions shown in the right part of FIG. 1, bearing the references 18a and 19a.
  • the wheel 3 is then put out of action and emptied by a usual type of device (not shown) in order to avoid a loss of energy through splashing.
  • the water under pressure enters the spiral casing 13.
  • the water then flows into the ducts 12a, 10, passes through the distributor 5, which has been opened to the desired position to feed the wheel 4.
  • the water After escaping from the suction aperture of the latter, the water is guided through the successive duct elements 16, 15, 12b, and 11, to the distributor 6 which feeds the wheel 2. After passing through the latter, the water escapes from the machine through the suction tube 20.
  • the wheel 2 which is assumed to have the same arrangement as the wheel 4 (except for the direction of rotation), being fed by a distributor 6 located under the same driving means, namely the single and common regulating ring 9, as the distributor 5, this results in a conversion of energy which is also distributed over the two wheels and the range of adjustment will be as wide as that is normally possible with a single-stage Francis turbine.
  • the machine For operation as a pump the machine is driven in the opposite direction of rotation to that for turbine operation.
  • the valves 18 and 19 are in the positions shown in the left part of FIG. 1.
  • the wheel 3 is then inserted into the water circuit and must previously be refilled either before the pump is put into operation or at least during the opening of the (not shown) check valve isolating the machine from the (not shown) penstock.
  • the two distributors 5 and 6 are kept in a predetermined open position, defined in dependance on the delivery head.
  • the water drawn in by the wheel 2 is successively passed to the wheel 3 and then to the wheel 4 through ducts for which the free passage is determined by the valves and attains a delivery head enabling it to escape through the spiral casing 13 in the direction of the delivery pipe of the pump-turbine plant.
  • the trace of the wheel 3 is generally different from that of the wheels 2 and 4.
  • the portions of the delivery head treated by the wheels 2 and 4 are equal, and that treated by the wheel 3 supplies the make-up ensuring operation with optimum efficiency, taking into account the range of variation of the upstream and downstream pond levels of the pump-turbine plant.
  • the sleeve valve 18 is replaced by a rotary obturator 21 composed of a ring provided alternately with apertures 22 having a bent passage and apertures 23 having a direct passage.
  • An operating device (not shown) makes it possible to turn the obturator one step in one direction or 6 It is seen that if the apertures 22 are fed by the ducts 12b, the conditions supplied by the sleeve valve in the position 18a in FIG. 1 are once again exactly obtained, the ducts 15 are fed while the ducts 14 are obturated, and the machine is ready for operation as a turbine, provided that the sleeve valve 19a is closed as previously.
  • stages may be added on either side of the set of wheels 3, 4, 2, the wheel or wheels added at the side of the wheel 3 having its or their suction apertures directed in the same direction as those of the wheels 3 and 4, while the wheels added at the side of the wheel 2 have their suction apertures directed in the same direction as those of the latter.
  • the arrrangement of the wheels of the hydraulic machines described above permits a substantial simplification of the simulataneous operation of two distributors 5 and 6 placed on two contiguous stages in which the wheels 2 and 4 have their suction apertures in position and are arranged each other back to back. Furthermore, they make it possible to put out of action a stage or group of stages with the aid of obturators of various kinds incorporated in the machine.
  • a reversible hydraulic machine including a. a pump-turbine part having at least two stages, and
  • a pump part having at least one stage
  • each stage including an impeller,'and the impellers being coupled to a common shaft
  • impellers of said two stages of the pumpturbine part being arranged in juxtaposition and back-to-back with their suction apertures facing in opposite directions;
  • passage means interconnecting the stages and containing obturator means for selectively putting out of action the pump part
  • the obturator means having a first setting in which it causes water being pumped to flow from a suction tube to a spiral casing of the machine through a path which leads serially through one stage of the pump-turbine, the pump, and the other stage of the pump-turbine, and a second setting in which it causes water acting as power medium to flow from the spiral casing to the suction tube of the machine through a part which leads serially through said two stages of the pump-turbine part and is isolated from the pump part.
  • the passage means includes a first passage con nected with the periphery of the first impeller of connects the periphery of one impeller of the pump-turbine part with the suction aperture of the the pump-turbine part, a second passage connected with the suction aperture of the other impeller of other impeller of that part, and second and third 10 the pump-turbine part, and a third passage conpassages which connect the suction aperture and nected with the suction aperture of the impeller of periphery, respectively, of the impeller of the pump the pump part, these passages leading to the rotary part with spaced points along the first passage; and valve; and b.
  • said sleeve valve is of the double-acting type and b.
  • said rotary valve is of the double-acting type and has a first position in which it opens the first pashas two positions in which, respectively, it connects sage and closes the second passage, and a second the first passage with the second and third pasposition in which it closes the first passage at a losages. cation intermediate the junctions of this passage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US410898A 1972-10-31 1973-10-29 Reversible multi-stage hydraulic machine Expired - Lifetime US3867059A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1584672A CH555979A (de) 1972-10-31 1972-10-31 Machine hydraulique reversible a etages multiples.

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US3867059A true US3867059A (en) 1975-02-18

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CH (1) CH555979A (de)
DE (1) DE2354166A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008010A (en) * 1974-07-09 1977-02-15 Ateliers Des Charmilles S.A. Hydraulic machine
US4496282A (en) * 1982-05-06 1985-01-29 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Reversible two-stage hydraulic machine
US11300093B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2022-04-12 Henry Obermeyer Reversible pump-turbine installation
WO2024044166A1 (en) * 2022-08-22 2024-02-29 Burleigh Lawrence Pumping arrangement in an electrical submersible pump

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
YU37446B (en) * 1975-09-08 1984-08-31 Titovi Zavodi Litostroj Two/three-stage reversible pump turbine
FR3032243B1 (fr) * 2015-02-02 2018-07-27 Arianegroup Sas Pompe centrifuge

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US245590A (en) * 1881-08-09 William weiss
US518795A (en) * 1894-04-24 staples
US2219098A (en) * 1937-02-04 1940-10-22 Worthington Pump & Mach Corp Centrifugal pump
US2996995A (en) * 1957-02-27 1961-08-22 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installations comprising a turbine and a pump
US3226083A (en) * 1961-04-05 1965-12-28 English Electric Co Ltd Reversible pump turbines
US3433165A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-03-18 Ckd Blansko Narodni Podnik Hydraulic apparatus
US3794456A (en) * 1972-08-07 1974-02-26 Escher Wyss Ltd Multi-stage pump-turbine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US245590A (en) * 1881-08-09 William weiss
US518795A (en) * 1894-04-24 staples
US2219098A (en) * 1937-02-04 1940-10-22 Worthington Pump & Mach Corp Centrifugal pump
US2996995A (en) * 1957-02-27 1961-08-22 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installations comprising a turbine and a pump
US3226083A (en) * 1961-04-05 1965-12-28 English Electric Co Ltd Reversible pump turbines
US3433165A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-03-18 Ckd Blansko Narodni Podnik Hydraulic apparatus
US3794456A (en) * 1972-08-07 1974-02-26 Escher Wyss Ltd Multi-stage pump-turbine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008010A (en) * 1974-07-09 1977-02-15 Ateliers Des Charmilles S.A. Hydraulic machine
US4496282A (en) * 1982-05-06 1985-01-29 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Reversible two-stage hydraulic machine
US11300093B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2022-04-12 Henry Obermeyer Reversible pump-turbine installation
AU2018293589B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2023-04-27 Bhe Turbomachinery, Llc Improved reversible pump-turbine installation
AU2018293589B9 (en) * 2017-06-29 2023-05-18 Bhe Turbomachinery, Llc Improved reversible pump-turbine installation
AU2018293589C1 (en) * 2017-06-29 2023-06-29 Bhe Turbomachinery, Llc Improved reversible pump-turbine installation
WO2024044166A1 (en) * 2022-08-22 2024-02-29 Burleigh Lawrence Pumping arrangement in an electrical submersible pump

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DE2354166A1 (de) 1974-05-09
CH555979A (de) 1974-11-15

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