US3865591A - General purpose developer - Google Patents
General purpose developer Download PDFInfo
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- US3865591A US3865591A US358936A US35893673A US3865591A US 3865591 A US3865591 A US 3865591A US 358936 A US358936 A US 358936A US 35893673 A US35893673 A US 35893673A US 3865591 A US3865591 A US 3865591A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/30—Developers
Definitions
- 96/66.3, 96/66 R, 96/66 HD agents a -py a dihydroxybenzene. and 511 1111. c1 603C 5/30 an enediol an inorganic Sulfite preservative. 9 buff- [58] Field Of Search 96/66.3, 66 HD, 66 R ering agent, a Silver halide Solvent 9 graininess reducing agent, and a restrainer.
- the developing agent When adjusted to the pH 5 References Cited range 8 to 9.5, the developing agent is effective to in- UNITED STATES PATENTS crease the exposure index of films by a factor of 3.2 2 685 515 H W1 96/66 3 4.2 while at the same time producing images having a 1son 3,276,875 10/1966 Schwalenstocker 1 96/66 R good denslty range and good Shadow detail 3,615,440 10/1971 Bloom 96/66 R 27 Claims, N0 Drawings GENERAL PURPOSE DEVELOPER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
- the present invention relates to silver halide photographic developer compositions and, more particularly, to developer compositions which increase the exposure index of film (EL).
- the Schwallenstocker composition when used to develop commercially available film emulsions, notwithstanding the unusually large quantity of antifoggant, the negative is commercially unacceptable due to gross fog. To reduce the fog to acceptable levels requires the addition of additional anti-foggant until the benzotriazole concentration level reaches about 28 grams per liter. Although at a developer level of 46 grams per liter and an anti-foggant level of 28 grams per liter acceptable images can be produced without appreciable fog, it will be appreciated that such a developer composition is totally impractical. Thus the composition was diluted to a reasonable l-phenyl-3- pyrazolidone concentration level of about one gram per liter, at which level although development and fog were satisfactory, there was no increase noted in the exposure index of films developed therein.
- the present invention in its preferred embodiment provides a developer composition
- a developer composition comprising three de veloping agents a 3-pyrazolidone, a dihydroxybenzene, and an enediol an inorganic sulfite preservative, a buffering agent, a silver halide solvent, a graininess reducing agent, and a restrainer.
- the developing agent When adjusted to the pH range 8 to 9.5, the developing agent is effective to increase the exposure index (E.l.) of films while at the same time producing images having a broad density range and good shadow detail.
- the present invention in its broadest form, provides an alkaline developer composition, pH 8 to 9.5, containing at least three developing agents.
- Table 1 sets forth the ingredients and proportion ranges at which useful results, in terms of increased exposure index without adverse side effects, are obtained.
- the silver halide developing agents employed in accordance with the present invention are selected, one
- R groups each represent various substitu- -bon atoms, or an aryl group such as phenyl.
- Phenidone is the preferred member of the 3-pyrazolidone class of agents for use in the present invention. Phenidone is preferred because it is commercially availablein large quantities while other known, related developing agents having similar structure and characteristics are not widely available.
- the following compounds are representative of 3-pyrazolidone silver halide developing agents which are useful in the developer compositions of this invention:
- Z is a divalent aliphatic grouping which, with the carbon atoms in 4 and 5 positions of the pyrazolidone ring, completes a five membered or sixmembered cycloaliphatic ring and R is an aryl group e.g., phenyl or naphthyl group.
- aryl groups may be substituted with 'hydroxy, alkoxy, oxyalkyl, amino, substituted amino, nitro, sulphonic or carboxylic groups or halogen atoms.
- These compounds include, for example, l-phenyl- 4,5-tetramethylene-3-pyrazolidone, l-phenyl-4,5- trimethylene-3-pyrazolidone and l-mchlorophenyl-4,5-tetramethylene-3-pyrazolidone.
- dihydroxybenzene silver halide developing agents which are useful in the developer compositions of this invention are hydroquinone, resorcinol and pyrocatechol.
- the developer composition includes an inorganic sulfite preservative agent for the developers, such as the sulfites of sodium or potassium; a silver halide solvent, such as sodium or potassium thiocyanate; a graininess reducing salt, such as sodium or lithium chloride; a restrainer, which also serves as a grain reducer, such as sodium or potassium bromide; and a pH buffering agent, such as sodium metaborate, boric acid, acetic acid, sodium carbonate and the like in quantities and combinations sufficient to adjust the developer pH to the desired level within the 8 to 9.5 range.
- an inorganic sulfite preservative agent for the developers such as the sulfites of sodium or potassium
- a silver halide solvent such as sodium or potassium thiocyanate
- a graininess reducing salt such as sodium or lithium chloride
- a restrainer which also serves as a grain reducer, such as sodium or potassium bromide
- a pH buffering agent such as sodium metaborate, boric acid
- a fourth developing agent selected from the aminophenol class may be employed.
- the preferred aminophenol (the term aminophenol will be em ployed hereinafter as generic to amino substituted phenols, including diaminophenols for use in the present invention is 2,4 diaminophenol dihydrochloride, commonly known as amidol.
- amidol is the only member of the class that is manufactured and commercially available in quantity.
- antifoggants such as benzotriazole, borax, which serves both as a fine grain agent and an alkaline buffer; and a water softener where hard water conditions cause flocculation in the developer.
- antifoggants such as benzotriazole, borax, which serves both as a fine grain agent and an alkaline buffer
- borax which serves both as a fine grain agent and an alkaline buffer
- water softener where hard water conditions cause flocculation in the developer.
- sodium hexametaphosphate which may be provided as the commercially available product Calgon, manufactured by the Calgon Corporation. 5
- the primary amines optionally useful in the present invention include ethylamine, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, 2-amino-l-butanol, 2-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol and 4.-aminobutanol. Even more desirable are the acid salts of these primary amines formed by reaction with such acids as hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, acetic, citric, tartaric, benzoic and ascorbic. Specifically, ethylenediamine sulfate is the preferred amine acid salt component of the developer.
- the useful concentration range of ethylenediamine sulfate is 0 to 10 grams per liter to contribute the indicated 0 to 4 grams per liter of primary amine.
- Table I shows the amine to be an optional ingredient, when included it is effective to reduce silvering on the film, particularly medium and fast Panchromatic films, caused by the presence of silver halide solvents, such as potassium thiocyanate, in the developer. It should be appreciated, however, that when present the amines contribute added fog density to the developed film.
- Example II The developer composition of Example I and a conventional developer, Microdol-X, available commercially from the Eastman Kodak Company, were used to develop the films of Table II after exposure at the listed ASA values (see Table II, column II).
- the images produced by the Microdol-X exhibited good contrast and density and appeared properly developed.
- the images produced by the composition of Example I were much too dark (over exposed) and were generally unacceptable.
- the films listed in Table II were then exposed at exposure settings progressively greater than the listed ASA and the exposed film developed in both Microdol- X and the composition of Example I until an exposure setting was reached when the images produced by the composition of Example I were comparable in quality (i.e., contrast, density, shadow detail, and the like) to the images produced by the Microdol-X at the listed ASA value for each film.
- Column ill of Table ll tabulates the exposure settings at which the comparable results were obtained.
- the images produced by the Microdol-X were extremely thin (under exposed).
- Example I effectively increased the exposure index of the tested films by a factor of not less than about 3.2 and as high as about 4.2 (column lV) without adversely affecting image quality.
- 3-pyrazolidone developer 0.8 m 3 grams dihydroxybenzene developer selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, resorcinol and pyrocatecl ol,..,.. 8to l4 grams enediol developer selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, d-araboascorbic acid, reductic acid, 2-oxytetronic acid, 4-aryl-2-oxytetronic acid, 4-aryl-2-oxytetronimide, isoascorbic acidand enediols having the chemical structure represented by the formula R4 OH R.. c c
- R,, R R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the radical CH R R is selected from hydrogen and a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of amino, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl of the benzene or naphthalene series and alkaryl of the benzene or naphthalene series, at least one of said R R R and R being the radical CH2R ..2 to grams inorganic sulfite preservative to 75 grams silver halide solvent selected from sodium and potassium thiocyanate to 2% grams graininess reducer selected from the alkali metal chlorides ..410 30 grams restrainer v. m 2 grams buffering agent 2 to 40 grams.
- composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said 3-pyrazolidone developer is selected from the developing agents having the following chemical structure:
- R R R R and R are selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups containing from l to 4 carbon atoms and aryl groups selected from the benzene and naphthalene series.
- composition, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said 3-pyrazolidone is l-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone.
- composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said enediol is selected from tetramethyl reductic acid and ascorbic acid.
- composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said inorganic sulfite preservative is selected from sodium and potassium sulfite.
- composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said graininess reducer is selected from sodium and lithium chloride.
- composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said restrainer is selected from sodium and potassium bromide.
- composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said buffering agent is selected from sodium metaborate, boric acid, acetic acid, sodium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
- composition as claimed in claim 5, further including at least one of the following ingredients:
- an aminophenol developer selected from the group consisting of paminophenol, N-methyl-p-amino phenol, 2,4- diaminophenol, 2,4-diaminoresorcinol, 6-methyl- 2,4-diaminophenol, 5-methyl-2,4-diaminophenol, 4-amino-6-methyl-2-methylaminophenol, 6-amino- 4-methyl-2-methylaminophenol, S-dimethylamino- 2-methylaminophenol, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, 5- methyl-l,2,4-t:iaminobenzene, 4-hydroxy,2',4- diaminodiphenylamine, 4,2',4'- triaminodiphenylamine, l,3-diamino-4,7- dihydroxybenzene, and the acid salts thereof;
- a primary amine selected from the group consisting of ethylamine, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, 2- amino-l-butanol, 2-aminopropanol, 3- aminopropanol, 4-amino-butanol and the acid salts thereof;
- a composition, as claimed in claim 11 wherein said additional ingredient is an aminophenol developer selected from the group consisting of p-aminophenol, N-methyl-paminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, 2,4- diaminoresorcinol, 6-methyl-2,4-diaminophenol, 5-methyl-2,4-diaminophenol, 4-amino-6-methyl-2- methylaminophenol, 6-amino-4-methyl-2- methylaminophenol, S-dimethylamino-Z- methylaminophenol, l,2,4-triaminobenzene, 5methyl l,2,4-triaminobenzene, 4-hydroxy,2 ,4- diaminodiphenylamine, 4,2',4'- triaminodiphenylamine, l,3-diamino-4,7- dihydroxybenzene, and the acid salts thereof.
- aminophenol developer selected from the group consisting of p-aminophenol, N-
- a composition, as claimed in claim 11 wherein said additional ingredient is a primary amine selected from the group consisting of ethylamine, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, 2-aminolbutanol, 2-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol, 4-aminobutanol and the acid salts thereof.
- composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein said additional ingredient is benzotriazole.
- composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein said additional ingredient is borax.
- composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein said additional ingredient is a water softening agent.
- a silver halide photographic developing composition comprising the following ingredients in the weight.
- a silver halide photographic developing composition comprising the following ingredients in the weight proportion ranges indicated per liter of composition:
- a photographic developing process for increasing the exposure index of an imagewise exposed silver halide emulsion film comprising developing said film in an aqueous silver halide photographic developing composition having a pH in the range 8 9.5.
- said developing composition comprising the following ingredients in the weight proportion ranges indicated per liter of composition:
- B-pyrazolidone developer 0.8 to 3 grams dihydroxybenzene developer selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, resorcinol and pyrocatechol 8 to l4 grams enediol developer selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, d-araboascorbic acid, reductic acid, 2-oxytetronic acid, 4-aryl-2-oxytetronic acid, 4-aryl-2-oxytetronimide, isoascorbic acid and enediols having the chemical structure represented by the formula wherein R R R and R, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the radical -Cl-l R R is selected from hydrogen and a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of amino, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl of the benzene or naphthalene series and alkaryl of the benzene or naphthalene series, at least one
- R R R R and R are selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aryl groups selected from the benzene and naphpyrazolidone is l-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and said enea diol is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl reductic acid and ascorbic acid.
Abstract
Description
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US358936A US3865591A (en) | 1973-05-10 | 1973-05-10 | General purpose developer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US358936A US3865591A (en) | 1973-05-10 | 1973-05-10 | General purpose developer |
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US3865591A true US3865591A (en) | 1975-02-11 |
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US358936A Expired - Lifetime US3865591A (en) | 1973-05-10 | 1973-05-10 | General purpose developer |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2344874A1 (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-10-14 | Anneman William | Low contrast developer for high contrast silver halide emulsion - with (micro)fine grains contains pyrazolidone, hydroquinone, metol etc. |
US4083722A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-04-11 | William Alexander Anneman | Developer composition and process for developing photographic film |
WO1993012463A1 (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-06-24 | Kodak Limited | Photographic developer stabilisation |
US5385811A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-01-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing silver halide photographic materials |
US5419997A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1995-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing silver halide photographic material |
US5478706A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1995-12-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alkaline black-and-white developer for silver halide photographic material |
EP0716338A2 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure, silver halide photographic light- sensitive material containing the fine polymer particles and image-forming method |
EP0731382A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-11 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Method for processing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
EP0731381A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-11 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Developing solution and method for developing an exposed silver halide photographic material |
EP0732619A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-18 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Developing method and method for developing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
EP0794456A1 (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1997-09-10 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Method of reproducing an electronically stored medical image on a light-sensitive photographic material |
FR2750225A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-26 | Kodak Pathe | PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT COMPOSITION |
US5702875A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1997-12-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Weakly alkaline ascorbic acid developing composition, processing kit and method using same |
EP0877287A1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-11 | Konica Corporation | Developer for silver halide light sensitive photographic material and processing method by use thereof |
US6083673A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 2000-07-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic/inorganic developer composition |
US6379877B1 (en) | 1995-02-21 | 2002-04-30 | Agfa-Gevaert | Method for developing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2685515A (en) * | 1953-08-03 | 1954-08-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic developer composition |
US3276875A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-10-04 | Du Pont | Developing composition with pyrrolidone anti-sludging agent |
US3615513A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1971-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Co | Inhibition of silvering in photographic processing solutions |
US3615440A (en) * | 1968-10-25 | 1971-10-26 | Polaroid Corp | Novel photographic compositions and processes |
US3730716A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-05-01 | Polaroid Corp | Silver image stabilization with noble metal compounds and alpha,beta-enediol developer |
-
1973
- 1973-05-10 US US358936A patent/US3865591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2685515A (en) * | 1953-08-03 | 1954-08-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic developer composition |
US3276875A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-10-04 | Du Pont | Developing composition with pyrrolidone anti-sludging agent |
US3615513A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1971-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Co | Inhibition of silvering in photographic processing solutions |
US3615440A (en) * | 1968-10-25 | 1971-10-26 | Polaroid Corp | Novel photographic compositions and processes |
US3730716A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-05-01 | Polaroid Corp | Silver image stabilization with noble metal compounds and alpha,beta-enediol developer |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4083722A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-04-11 | William Alexander Anneman | Developer composition and process for developing photographic film |
FR2344874A1 (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-10-14 | Anneman William | Low contrast developer for high contrast silver halide emulsion - with (micro)fine grains contains pyrazolidone, hydroquinone, metol etc. |
US5478706A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1995-12-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alkaline black-and-white developer for silver halide photographic material |
WO1993012463A1 (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-06-24 | Kodak Limited | Photographic developer stabilisation |
US5419997A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1995-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing silver halide photographic material |
US5385811A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-01-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing silver halide photographic materials |
US5804357A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1998-09-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure, silver photographic light sensitive material containing the fine polymer particles and image-forming method |
EP0716338A2 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure, silver halide photographic light- sensitive material containing the fine polymer particles and image-forming method |
EP0716338A3 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-09-25 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure, silver halide photographic light- sensitive material containing the fine polymer particles and image-forming method |
US6087081A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 2000-07-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure, silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing the fine polymer particles and image-forming method |
US6027805A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 2000-02-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Fine polymer particles having heterogeneous phase structure |
EP0731382A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-11 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Method for processing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
EP0731381A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-11 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Developing solution and method for developing an exposed silver halide photographic material |
EP0732619A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-18 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Developing method and method for developing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
US6379877B1 (en) | 1995-02-21 | 2002-04-30 | Agfa-Gevaert | Method for developing an exposed photographic silver halide material |
US6083673A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 2000-07-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic/inorganic developer composition |
EP0794456A1 (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1997-09-10 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Method of reproducing an electronically stored medical image on a light-sensitive photographic material |
FR2750225A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-26 | Kodak Pathe | PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT COMPOSITION |
US5780212A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-07-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic developing composition |
EP0816916A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic developing composition |
US5756271A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-05-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Weakly alkaline ascorbic acid developing composition, processing kit and method using same |
US5702875A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1997-12-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Weakly alkaline ascorbic acid developing composition, processing kit and method using same |
EP0877287A1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-11 | Konica Corporation | Developer for silver halide light sensitive photographic material and processing method by use thereof |
US5998112A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-12-07 | Konica Corporation | Developer for silver halide light sensitive photographic material and processing method by use thereof |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KATZ, JEROME; ROCHESTER, NY. Free format text: CONDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:DELAWARE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004157/0821 Effective date: 19830321 Owner name: KATZ, JEROME, NEW YORK Free format text: CONDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:DELAWARE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004157/0821 Effective date: 19830321 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DELAWARE CAMERA MART, INC.; BUFFALO, NY. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DELAWARE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS. INC.;REEL/FRAME:004157/0825 Effective date: 19821120 Owner name: DELAWARE CAMERA MART, INC., NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DELAWARE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS. INC.;REEL/FRAME:004157/0825 Effective date: 19821120 |