US3853493A - High-friction cermet material - Google Patents
High-friction cermet material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3853493A US3853493A US00447246A US44724674A US3853493A US 3853493 A US3853493 A US 3853493A US 00447246 A US00447246 A US 00447246A US 44724674 A US44724674 A US 44724674A US 3853493 A US3853493 A US 3853493A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- friction
- coefficient
- iron
- cermet material
- wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 title description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidoboron Chemical compound O=[B] MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0292—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with more than 5% preformed carbides, nitrides or borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/021—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
Definitions
- micron/brake application 22.
- ferric sulphate 5 wt.%
- silicon carbide 4 to 10 wt.%
- the essence of the invention is that in the highfriction material disclosed the silicon carbide improves the coefficient of friction and the boron nitride imparts lustrousness and smoothness to the rubbing surface, adding thereby to both the coefficient of friction and the resistance to wear of the cermet in operation. Thanks to that, the material disclosed has an invariably stable coefficient of friction and a high resistance to wear with the result that the specific power of braking contrivances can be increased and so can be the operating temperature, this latter being as high as 600C.
- the material was prepared by a technique adopted in powder metallurgy consisting in pressing the feedstock into briquets with a density between 5.2 and 5.4 g/cm followed by sintering at l,020 to 1,040C in an atmosphere of hydrogen (or dissociated ammonia) under a pressure between 20 and 30 kg/cm for 2 or 2.5 hours.
- the density of the sintered material was 5.5 to 5.7 g/cm and the Rockwell hardness number was between 80 and 105.
- the high-friction cermet material disclosed is an efficient material for friction lining of rubbing surfaces in machines and mechanisms, these uses being derived from such properties as high coefficient of friction and resistance to wear, low abrading effect on the mating mate-' rial.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A high-friction material characterized in that it incorporates boron nitride taken in an amount between 2 and 10 percent of the total weight, the rest of the ingredients being used in the following amounts: COPPER, 6 TO 15 WT.%; GRAPHITE, 3 TO 11 WT.%; BORON OXIDE, 4 TO 10 WT.%; SILICON CARBIDE, 4 TO 10 WT.%; IRON, THE BALANCE.
Description
Elite States Eatent [1 1 Kestner et a1.
[ Dec. 10, 1974 1 HIGH-FRICTION CERMET MATERIAL [76] Inventors: Olga Evgenievna Kestner, ulitsa Baumana 43/1, kv. 12; Vasily lvanovich Vinokurov, ulitsa Spartakovskaya, 20/34, kv. 39; Irina Petrovna Axenova, ulitsa Garibaldi 8, korpus 2, kv. 63; Galina Tadeushevna Ozemblovskaya, 2 Novopodmoskovny pereulok 5, kv. 72; Amayak Pogosovich Shakhpenderian, Frunzenskaya Naberezhnaya 28, kv. 114; Anatoly Alexeevich Shagurin, lzmailovsky bulvar, 51/14, kv. 48; Larisa Nikolaevna Popova, Bratskaya ulitsa 23, korpus 1, kv. 107, all of Moscow; Ivan Ivanovich Zverev, ulitsa Sovetskaya 7/9, kv. 23, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Sergei Sergeevich Kokonin, prospekt Lenina 27, kv. 12, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Anatoly Alexandrovich Matveer, prospekt Lenina 47a, kv. 40, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Alexandr Mikhailovich Petrunin, prospekt Lenina 53, kv. l4, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Evgeny Sergeevich Sherstnev, ulitsa Sovetskaya, 16a, kv. 59, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Anatoly Alexeevich Akimtsev, prospekt Lenina 8, kv. 35, Balashikha Moskovskoi oblasti; Nikolai Mitrofanovich Sklyarov, ploschad I Vosstania l.kv. 396. Moscow. all of USSR.
22 Filed: Mar. 1, 1974 21 Appl. No.: 447,246
[52] US. Cl 29/1825, 29/1828, 75/123 R, 75/125 [51] Int. Cl. C22c 29/00 [58] Field of Search.. 75/123 R, 125, 123 B, 123 L, 75/204, 205, 206; 29/1825, 182.8, 182.7
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,151,994 10/1964 Adlassnig 29/1825 X 3,468,658 9/1969 Herald et a1. 75/123 R X Primary ExaminerL. Dewayne Rutledge Assistant ExaminerArthur J. Steiner Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen [5 7] ABSTRACT 1 Claim, N0 Drawings HIGH-FRICTION CERMET MATERIAL The present invention relates to powder metallurgy, and more specifically to a high-friction cermet material which may be used to advantage as rubbing surfaces of braking contrivances in the aircraft, automotive, tractor and machine tool industries and also in shipbuildmg.
There is known a high-friction cermet material based on iron and composed in the following way:
copper, wt.%;
silicon dioxide, 3 wt.%;
asbestos, 3 wt.%;
grapite, 9 wt.%;
boron oxide, 6 wt.%;
iron, 64 wt.%.
The known material, when tested under laboratory conditions on a machine with an averabe specific power of 25 kg-mlcm a specific brake work of 540 kgm/cm secand an initial slipping velocity of m/sec, displayed the following properties:
coefficient of friction, 0.23 to 0.29;
stability factor of coefficient of friction, 0.7 to 0.9;
maximum rate of linear wear of cermet;
micron/brake application, 22.
Disadvantages of the known material are low coefficient of friction and inadequate resistance to wear characterized by the maximum rate of linear wear.
There is also known another high-friction material which is a more advanced one and is composed in the following way:
iron, 64 wt.%;
copper, 10 wt.%;
graphite, 8 wt.%;
ferric sulphate, 5 wt.%;
silicon carbide, 5 wt.%;
boron carbide, 5 wt.%;
asbestos, 3 wt.%.
When tested under laboratory conditions on the above machine, this material displayed the following properties:
coefficient of friction, 0.37;
stability factor of coefficient of friction, 0.90;
linear wear, micron/brake application, 6.0.
Yet, at the end of a protracted test the coefficient of friction lowers by an amount which impairs the braking moment of the contrivance in which said material is being used. Furthermore, since in a braking contrivance the friction material mates another material, say cast iron, it is an essential requirement that the former does not abrade the latter. The friction material referred to above displays a considerable abrading effect on the material which it mates, the rate of linear wear of cast iron being 5.5 microns/brake application by way of illustration.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-friction cermet material of a composition which will ensure a high and invariably stable coefficient of friction, high resistance to wear and low abrading effect of the high-friction material on the material it mates.
Said and other objects are attained by the fact that in a high-friction cermet material based on iron and containing copper, graphite, boron oxide and silicon carbide there is introduced, according to the invention, boron nitride taken in an amount between 2 and 10 percent of the total weight, the rest of the ingredients being used in the following amounts:
copper, 6 to 15 wt.%;
graphite, 3 to 11 wt.%;
boron oxide, 4 to 10 wt.%;
silicon carbide, 4 to 10 wt.%;
. iron, the balance.
The essence of the invention is that in the highfriction material disclosed the silicon carbide improves the coefficient of friction and the boron nitride imparts lustrousness and smoothness to the rubbing surface, adding thereby to both the coefficient of friction and the resistance to wear of the cermet in operation. Thanks to that, the material disclosed has an invariably stable coefficient of friction and a high resistance to wear with the result that the specific power of braking contrivances can be increased and so can be the operating temperature, this latter being as high as 600C.
Tests have proved that the material disclosed, which is intended for usein braking contrivances, displays the following properties:
coefficient of friction, 0.37 to 0.40;
stability factor of coefficient of friction, 0.80 to 0.90;
maximum rate of linear wear, micron/brake application, 6 to 8.
The essence of the present invention will be best understood from the following example describing the composition of the high-friction cermet material disclosed and a method for preparing same.
The material was prepared by a technique adopted in powder metallurgy consisting in pressing the feedstock into briquets with a density between 5.2 and 5.4 g/cm followed by sintering at l,020 to 1,040C in an atmosphere of hydrogen (or dissociated ammonia) under a pressure between 20 and 30 kg/cm for 2 or 2.5 hours. The density of the sintered material was 5.5 to 5.7 g/cm and the Rockwell hardness number was between 80 and 105.
The properties of the high-friction material disclosed which were obtained under laboratory conditions using a machine with an average specific power of 25 kgm/cm a specific brake work of 540 kg-m/cm .sec and an initial slipping velocity of 20 m/sec are tabulated below against the chemical composition of said material.
Table Composition, Properties Nos. lron Cop- Boron Sili- Boron Gra- Coef- Stabi- Rate of wear per per nitcon oxide phitc ficility brakc application,
ride carent of factor micron bide fricof co- Cer- Matting tion effimet material cicnt matea ir n) of fricrial tion I 6 4 8 7 5 0.373 0.82 6.4 3.l 2 64 15 8 4 5 4 0.405 0.90 8.] 2,3 3 69 I0 3 5 4 3 0.386 0.80 7.6 2.7
It will be noted from the above specification that the high-friction cermet material disclosed is an efficient material for friction lining of rubbing surfaces in machines and mechanisms, these uses being derived from such properties as high coefficient of friction and resistance to wear, low abrading effect on the mating mate-' rial.
What is claimed is:
iron, the balance.
Claims (1)
1. A SINTERED HIGH-FRICTION CERMENT MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF BORON NITRIDE, 2 TO 10 WT.%; COPPER, 6 TO 15 WT.%; GRAPHITE, 3 TO 11 WT.%; BORON OXIDE, 4 TO 10 WT.%; SILICON CARBIDE, 4 TO 10 WT.%; AND IRON, THE BALANCE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00447246A US3853493A (en) | 1974-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | High-friction cermet material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00447246A US3853493A (en) | 1974-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | High-friction cermet material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3853493A true US3853493A (en) | 1974-12-10 |
Family
ID=23775569
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00447246A Expired - Lifetime US3853493A (en) | 1974-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | High-friction cermet material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3853493A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3151994A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1964-10-06 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Molding of refractory materials |
| US3468658A (en) * | 1965-12-08 | 1969-09-23 | Bendix Corp | Method of producing dispersion strengthened metals |
-
1974
- 1974-03-01 US US00447246A patent/US3853493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3151994A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1964-10-06 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Molding of refractory materials |
| US3468658A (en) * | 1965-12-08 | 1969-09-23 | Bendix Corp | Method of producing dispersion strengthened metals |
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