US3849281A - Bipolar hypochlorite cell - Google Patents
Bipolar hypochlorite cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3849281A US3849281A US00381730A US38173073A US3849281A US 3849281 A US3849281 A US 3849281A US 00381730 A US00381730 A US 00381730A US 38173073 A US38173073 A US 38173073A US 3849281 A US3849281 A US 3849281A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- partition
- cathode
- cell
- foraminous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Disclosed is a substantially vertical bipolar electrolytic cell especially suited to the production of alkali metal hypochlorites, divided into a plurality of cell units by horizontal partitions and featuring a bipolar electrode design wherein a foraminous, U-shaped cathode portion adapted to receive a sheet-like anode and a sheetlike anode portion are joined around a horizontal partition by a conductive portion.
- an electrolytic cell comprising:
- At least one bipolar electrode comprising 1. a sheet-like, foraminous, anode portion,
- said bipolar electrode being horizontally disposed in adjacent cell units on opposite sides of a partitiion so that g 1. said anode portion is encompassed by a nextadjacent cathode and is parallel to said partition,
- said cathode portion encompasses a nextship of two cathodes for each anode created by the fact that each anode is encompassed by a U-shaped cathode.
- a further advantage relates to the long, useful life of the cell in continuous operation, at least in part due to the elimination of gas-liquid interface corrosion (since the cell is operated in a flooded condition). Ease of disassembly, replacement, and repair of component parts when required is also found.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the electrodes and partitions of a cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-section of a typical cell of the present invention.
- the invention contemplates a vertically disposed electrolytic cell, divided by horizontal partitions and employing bipolar electrodes that parallel opposite sides of said partitions, the positive ends of said electrodes being foraminous sheets and the negative, or cathodic ends, also being foraminous and sheet-like but bent back on themselves to form a U-shape that encompasses the next-adjacent anode sheet.
- each cell unit defined by adjacent partitions contains a U- shaped cathode encompassing a sheet-like anode. Since the flow sequence ofelectrolyte and products of electrolysis is from the bottom to the top of the entire cell, each unit is operated in a substantially flooded condition.
- the cells of the present invention may conveniently be used to produce alkali metal, especially sodium and potassium, hypochlorites in concentrations within the range of from I to 20 grams per liter by the direct electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions, typically havadjacent anode and is parallel to and spaced ing a concentration of from 5 to I00 g/l. Since the problem of cathodic deposits when employing impure alkali metal chloride solutions is well known, and in view of the fact that cells of the present invention contemplate two cathodes for every anode, it is desirable to employ an alkali metal chloride feed of high purity, thus avoiding the need for excessive backwashing or the like. Conditions of operation are typical, for example involving a pH on the order of 7 to 10, temperatures within the range of 5 to 50 C, etc.
- the vertical cell container is indicated generally at l and is provided with electrolyte inlet means 3 near the bottom thereof and an outlet 5 in the upper portion for unreacted electrolyte and products of electrolysis.
- the container 1 is divided into a plurality of cell units 7 by a plurality of electrically nonconductiv'e partitions 9.
- Materials of construction for both the container and the partitions may be any mechanically sound, electrically nonconductive and corrosion resistant material, such as, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, Lucite, and the like.
- Each partition 9 joins with the four container walls in a substantially sealing-engagement to prevent current and electrolyte leakage.
- each partition 9 engages the container wall in such a manner as to accommodate a bipolar electrode connecting portion.
- Each partition 9 is provided with a means for passing electrolyte and products of electrolysis from the cell container bottom to its top through each unit 7 in sequence.
- this means simply comprises one or more holes 11 placed in diagonally opposite corners of partitions 9 to provide a tortuous flow path, thus insuring adequate circulation and mixing with a minimum of current leakage.
- first cell unit 7 is horizontally disposed a foraminous dimensionally stable monopolar terminal anode 13 connected to current supply means 15.
- last cell unit 7" is a horizontally disposed, foraminous, U-shaped, monopolar terminal cathode l7, spaced apart from partition wall 9 and connected to current withdrawal means 19.
- an electrolyzing current may be impressed across current means 15 and 19.
- the polarity of the terminal electrodes in cell units 7and 7" may be reversed, that is, the monopolar anode 13 may be disposed in the last cell unit 7".
- the first and last cell units be defined by two adjacent partitions 9 since the first partition and the bottom of the container can as well define the first cell unit 7', with the last partition 9 and the cell container top defining the last cell unit 7".
- terminal anode 13 and terminal cathode 17 are joined to current means 15 and 19 around a partition edge by conductive connecting portions 33 and 35, respectively.
- Other arrangements, such as direct extension through container wall 29 to external current means are possible.
- terminal electrodes is at least one bipolar electrode comprising a foraminous, sheet-like,
- anode portion 21 a U-shaped, foraminous, cathode portion 23 adapted to receive and encompass a sheetlike anode, and a conductive connecting portion 25 joining said anode and cathode portions.
- the U-shaped cathode portion 23 of the bipolar electrode in the first cell unit 7' encompasses the terminal anode 13, both said terminal anode l3 and cathode portion 23 being substantially parallel to the partitions 9 that form cell unit 7'.
- Cathode portion 23 is spaced apart from partitions 9, conveniently by spacing members 27 formed of an electrically insulating material.
- bipolar anode portion 21 is encompassed by cathode portion 23 of the next bipolar electrode in the series, both again being spaced apart from and horizon tal to partitions 9.
- each bipolar electrode is joined by electrically conductive connecting portions 25 which are essentially perpendicular to the horizontally disposed anode and cathode portions and are held between an edge of the partition 9, on opposite sides of which said anode and cathode portions are disposed, and a container sidewall 29.
- electrically conductive connecting portions 25 which are essentially perpendicular to the horizontally disposed anode and cathode portions and are held between an edge of the partition 9, on opposite sides of which said anode and cathode portions are disposed, and a container sidewall 29.
- gasket 31 may be provided between wall 29 and partition edge 9.
- each partition edge may be slotted to receive the connecting portion 25, any leakage resulting being negligible.
- the anode portion may be of any conductive, resistant material bearing a coating electrocatalytic to the desired reaction, for example, expanded titanium metal covered with a platinum group metal, platinum group metal oxide, or similar, known, coating.
- the cathodic portion must also have appropriate physical and electrochemical characteristics and may be, for example,
- the connecting portion may be any conductive, corrosion resistant combination of the foregoing but need not be electrocatalytic.
- the bipolar electrode may be formed from a continuous sheet of expanded (e.g., titanium) metal bent to the appropriate S-shape", bearing an electrocatalytically active (e.g., platinum group metal oxide) coating on the anode portion and being uncoated on the cathode portion.
- the electrode may be discontinuous in the sense that the anode portion may be coated expanded (titanium) metal butt welded to perforated stainless steel connecting and cathodic portions.
- a simple and effective spacer may be comprised merely of a flexible shoestring of inert polymer which may be interwoven in the foraminous electrodes to maintain the gap without substantially interfering with electrolyte circulation.
- An electrolytic cell comprising:
- At least one bipolar electrode comprising 1. a sheet-like, foraminous, anode portion,
- said bipolar electrode being horizontally disposed in adjacent cell units on opposite sides of a partition so that 1. said anode portion is encompassed by a nextadjacent cathode and is parallel to said partition,
- said cathode portion encompasses a nextadjacent anode and is parallel to and spaced apart from the opposite side of said partition and the next-adjacent partition, and
- said connecting portion is held between an edge of said partition and a container sidewall;
- H means for passing electrolyte and products of electrolysis from the bottom to' the top of the container through the partition of each of the cell units in sequence.
- bipolar electrode comprises a continuous sheet of expanded titanium mesh, the anode portion of which bears an electrocatalytic coating on the surface thereof.
- a cell as in claim 1 wherein a gasket is provided between said container sidewall and a partition edge so that the connecting portion of the bipolar electrode is held between said partition edge and said gasket in a sealing arrangement.
- bipolar electrode comprises an anode portion of expanded titanium metal coated with an electrocatalytic material and joined to connecting and cathode portions from the group of foraminous stainless steel, nickel, and palladium-titanium alloy.
Abstract
Disclosed is a substantially vertical bipolar electrolytic cell especially suited to the production of alkali metal hypochlorites, divided into a plurality of cell units by horizontal partitions and featuring a bipolar electrode design wherein a foraminous, U-shaped cathode portion adapted to receive a sheet-like anode and a sheet-like anode portion are joined around a horizontal partition by a conductive portion.
Description
Unite States Pate 1191 Bennett et a1.
[11] 3,849,281 1451 Nov. 19,1974
BIPOLAR HYPOCHLORITE CELL Inventors: John E. Bennett, Painesville; James W. Burkhardt, Mentor; Richard E. Loftiield, Chardon, all of Ohio Diamond Shamrock Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio Filed: July 23, 1973 Appl. No.: 381,730
Assignee:
US. Cl '204/268, 204/95, 204/269, 204/284 Int. Cl B0lk 3/04 Field of Search 204/95, 268, 269, 289, 204/286 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1906 Hinkson 204/268 1,541,947 6/1925 Hartman et a1 204/268 3,676,315 7/1972 Goens et a1 204/95 3,779,889 12/1973 Loftfield 204/268 Primary Examiner-John H. Mack Assistant Examiner-W. 1. Solomon Attorney, Agent, or FirmTimothy E. Tinkler 5 7] ABSTRACT Disclosed is a substantially vertical bipolar electrolytic cell especially suited to the production of alkali metal hypochlorites, divided into a plurality of cell units by horizontal partitions and featuring a bipolar electrode design wherein a foraminous, U-shaped cathode portion adapted to receive a sheet-like anode and a sheetlike anode portion are joined around a horizontal partition by a conductive portion.
6 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures 1 1| 1| eg/1 25 i ""7f 523 13 33- 11 31 92 R? 1 BIPOLAR HYPOCHLORITE CELL BACKGROUND .OF THE INVENTION STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION Therefore, it is an object of .the present invention to provide a compact electrolytic cell for the production of hypochlorites at high current efficiencies.
This and further objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the specification and claims that follow.
There has now been found an electrolytic cell comprising:
A. a substantially vertically disposed container having electrolyte inlet means in the lower portion thereof and electrolysis product outlet means in the upper portion;
B. a plurality of horizontally disposed, electrically nonconductive, partitions dividing said container into a plurality of cell units;
C. a terminal, foraminous, sheet-like, monopolar anode horizontally disposed in the first of said cell units; 7
D. a terminal, foraminous, monopolar cathode, horizontally disposed in the last of said cell units and comprising a U-shaped construction adapted to receive and encompass a foraminous, sheet-like anode;
E. means for impressing an electrolyzing current across said monopolar electrodes;
F. at least one bipolar electrode comprising 1. a sheet-like, foraminous, anode portion,
2. a U-shaped, foraminous, cathode portion adapted to receive and encompass a sheet like anode, and
3. a conductive connecting portion joining said anode and cathode portions;
G. said bipolar electrode being horizontally disposed in adjacent cell units on opposite sides of a partitiion so that g 1. said anode portion is encompassed by a nextadjacent cathode and is parallel to said partition,
2. said cathode portion encompasses a nextship of two cathodes for each anode created by the fact that each anode is encompassed by a U-shaped cathode. A further advantage relates to the long, useful life of the cell in continuous operation, at least in part due to the elimination of gas-liquid interface corrosion (since the cell is operated in a flooded condition). Ease of disassembly, replacement, and repair of component parts when required is also found.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the electrodes and partitions of a cell according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-section of a typical cell of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Basically, the invention contemplates a vertically disposed electrolytic cell, divided by horizontal partitions and employing bipolar electrodes that parallel opposite sides of said partitions, the positive ends of said electrodes being foraminous sheets and the negative, or cathodic ends, also being foraminous and sheet-like but bent back on themselves to form a U-shape that encompasses the next-adjacent anode sheet. Thus, each cell unit defined by adjacent partitions contains a U- shaped cathode encompassing a sheet-like anode. Since the flow sequence ofelectrolyte and products of electrolysis is from the bottom to the top of the entire cell, each unit is operated in a substantially flooded condition.
The cells of the present invention may conveniently be used to produce alkali metal, especially sodium and potassium, hypochlorites in concentrations within the range of from I to 20 grams per liter by the direct electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions, typically havadjacent anode and is parallel to and spaced ing a concentration of from 5 to I00 g/l. Since the problem of cathodic deposits when employing impure alkali metal chloride solutions is well known, and in view of the fact that cells of the present invention contemplate two cathodes for every anode, it is desirable to employ an alkali metal chloride feed of high purity, thus avoiding the need for excessive backwashing or the like. Conditions of operation are typical, for example involving a pH on the order of 7 to 10, temperatures within the range of 5 to 50 C, etc.
The invention may be understood most readily by reference to the attached drawings wherein the vertical cell container is indicated generally at l and is provided with electrolyte inlet means 3 near the bottom thereof and an outlet 5 in the upper portion for unreacted electrolyte and products of electrolysis. The container 1 is divided into a plurality of cell units 7 by a plurality of electrically nonconductiv'e partitions 9. Materials of construction for both the container and the partitions may be any mechanically sound, electrically nonconductive and corrosion resistant material, such as, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, Lucite, and the like. Each partition 9 joins with the four container walls in a substantially sealing-engagement to prevent current and electrolyte leakage. As explained more fully hereinafter, one, and generally a corresponding, edge of each partition engages the container wall in such a manner as to accommodate a bipolar electrode connecting portion. Each partition 9 is provided with a means for passing electrolyte and products of electrolysis from the cell container bottom to its top through each unit 7 in sequence. Typically and conveniently this means simply comprises one or more holes 11 placed in diagonally opposite corners of partitions 9 to provide a tortuous flow path, thus insuring adequate circulation and mixing with a minimum of current leakage.
In the first cell unit 7 is horizontally disposed a foraminous dimensionally stable monopolar terminal anode 13 connected to current supply means 15. Correspondingly, in the last cell unit 7" is a horizontally disposed, foraminous, U-shaped, monopolar terminal cathode l7, spaced apart from partition wall 9 and connected to current withdrawal means 19. Thus, an electrolyzing current may be impressed across current means 15 and 19. It will be readily apparent that the polarity of the terminal electrodes in cell units 7and 7" may be reversed, that is, the monopolar anode 13 may be disposed in the last cell unit 7". Further, it is not necessary that the first and last cell units be defined by two adjacent partitions 9 since the first partition and the bottom of the container can as well define the first cell unit 7', with the last partition 9 and the cell container top defining the last cell unit 7".
In the embodiments shown, the terminal anode 13 and terminal cathode 17 are joined to current means 15 and 19 around a partition edge by conductive connecting portions 33 and 35, respectively. Other arrangements, such as direct extension through container wall 29 to external current means are possible.
Intermediate the terminal electrodes is at least one bipolar electrode comprising a foraminous, sheet-like,
From the drawings, it will be seen that the U-shaped cathode portion 23 of the bipolar electrode in the first cell unit 7' encompasses the terminal anode 13, both said terminal anode l3 and cathode portion 23 being substantially parallel to the partitions 9 that form cell unit 7'. Cathode portion 23 is spaced apart from partitions 9, conveniently by spacing members 27 formed of an electrically insulating material. In the next-adjacent cell unit 7, bipolar anode portion 21 is encompassed by cathode portion 23 of the next bipolar electrode in the series, both again being spaced apart from and horizon tal to partitions 9. It will be understood that if only two cell units, e.g., cell units 7' and 7", are employed in the particular cell, anode portion 21 of the bipolar electrode will be encompassed by terminal U-shaped cathode 17. At this point, it may be mentioned that the number of cell units, and hence bipolar electrodes, is limited only by practical mechanical considerations and the desired production to be obtained from the entire cell, containers having from 2 to 25 cell units being typical.
The anode and cathode portions of each bipolar electrode are joined by electrically conductive connecting portions 25 which are essentially perpendicular to the horizontally disposed anode and cathode portions and are held between an edge of the partition 9, on opposite sides of which said anode and cathode portions are disposed, and a container sidewall 29. Conveniently, and to insure a sealing (i.e., substantially liquid-tight) engagement, gasket 31 may be provided between wall 29 and partition edge 9. Alternately, each partition edge may be slotted to receive the connecting portion 25, any leakage resulting being negligible.
A variety of materials of construction for the bipolar electrodes are contemplated. Generally, these will be dimensionally stable electrodes, necessarily foraminous to insure proper electrolyte circulation and gas release and essentially planar or sheet-like in configuration. The anode portion may be of any conductive, resistant material bearing a coating electrocatalytic to the desired reaction, for example, expanded titanium metal covered with a platinum group metal, platinum group metal oxide, or similar, known, coating. The cathodic portion must also have appropriate physical and electrochemical characteristics and may be, for example,
expanded titanium metal or palladium-titanium alloy (0.2 percent Pd), perforated stainless steel or nickel, or any of the foregoing or other metals, coated with an electrocatalytic material (e.g., a platinum group metal) or uncoated. The connecting portion may be any conductive, corrosion resistant combination of the foregoing but need not be electrocatalytic. For mechanical simplicity, the bipolar electrode may be formed from a continuous sheet of expanded (e.g., titanium) metal bent to the appropriate S-shape", bearing an electrocatalytically active (e.g., platinum group metal oxide) coating on the anode portion and being uncoated on the cathode portion. On the other hand, the electrode may be discontinuous in the sense that the anode portion may be coated expanded (titanium) metal butt welded to perforated stainless steel connecting and cathodic portions. Other variations will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
In order to maintain the minimum anode-cathode gap necessary for efficient operation, e.g.', 0.02().l, preferably about 0.03, inch, without the electrical short circuiting that would occur on anode-cathode contact, spacers to maintain this gap are suggested. A simple and effective spacer may be comprised merely of a flexible shoestring of inert polymer which may be interwoven in the foraminous electrodes to maintain the gap without substantially interfering with electrolyte circulation.
We claim:
1. An electrolytic cell comprising:
A. a substantially vertically disposed container having electrolyte inlet means in the lower portion thereof and electrolysis product outlet means in the upper portion;
B. a plurality of horizontally disposed, electrically nonconductive, partitions dividing said container into a plurality of cell units;
C. a terminal, foraminous, sheet-like, monopolar anode horizontally disposed in the first of said cell units;
D. a terminal, foraminous, monopolar cathode, horizontally disposed in the last of said cell units and comprising a U-shaped construction adapted to receive and encompass a foraminous, sheet-like anode;
E. means for impressing an electrolyzing current across said monopolar electrodes;
F. at least one bipolar electrode comprising 1. a sheet-like, foraminous, anode portion,
2. a U-shaped, foraminous, cathode portion adapted to receive and encompass a sheet-like anode, and
3. a conductive connecting portion joining said anode and cathode portions;
G. said bipolar electrode being horizontally disposed in adjacent cell units on opposite sides of a partition so that 1. said anode portion is encompassed by a nextadjacent cathode and is parallel to said partition,
2. said cathode portion encompasses a nextadjacent anode and is parallel to and spaced apart from the opposite side of said partition and the next-adjacent partition, and
3. said connecting portion is held between an edge of said partition and a container sidewall; and
H. means for passing electrolyte and products of electrolysis from the bottom to' the top of the container through the partition of each of the cell units in sequence.
2. A cell as in claim 1 wherein the bipolar electrode comprises a continuous sheet of expanded titanium mesh, the anode portion of which bears an electrocatalytic coating on the surface thereof.
3. A cell as in claim 1 wherein spacers are provided to space said cathode and cathode portions apart from said partitions.
4. A cell as in claim 1 wherein spacers are provided between each anode and its encompassing cathode to maintain an anode-cathode gap.
5. A cell as in claim 1 wherein a gasket is provided between said container sidewall and a partition edge so that the connecting portion of the bipolar electrode is held between said partition edge and said gasket in a sealing arrangement.
6. A cell as in claim 1 wherein the bipolar electrode comprises an anode portion of expanded titanium metal coated with an electrocatalytic material and joined to connecting and cathode portions from the group of foraminous stainless steel, nickel, and palladium-titanium alloy.
Claims (16)
1. AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL COMPRISING: A. A SUBSTANTIALLY VERTICALLY DISPOSED CONTAINER HAVING ELECTROLYTE INLET MEANS IN THE LOWER PORTION THEREOF AND ELECTROYLYSIS PRODUCT OUTLET MEANS IN THE UPPER PORTION B. A PLURALITY OF HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED, ELECTRICALLY NONCOMDUCTIVE, PARTITIONS DIVIDING SAID CONTAINER INTO A PLURALITY OF CELL UNITS; C. A TERMINAL, FORAMINOUS, SHEET-LIKE, MONOPOLAR, ANODE HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED IN THE FIRST OF SAID CELL UNITS; D. A TERMINAL, FORAMINOUS, MONOPOLAR CATHODE, HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED IN THE LAST OF SAID CELL UNITS AND COMPRISING A U-SHAPED CONSTRUCTION ADAPTED TO RECEIVE AND ENCOMPASS A FORAMINOUS, SHEET-LIKE ANODE; E. MEANS FOR IMPRESSING AN ELECTROLYZING CURRENT ACROSS SAID MONOPOLAR ELECTRODES; F. AT LEAST ONE BIPOLAR ELECTRODE COMPRISING:
1. A SHEET-LIKE, FORAMINOUS, ANODE PORTION,
1. SAID ANODE PORTION IS ENCOMPASSED BY A NEXT-ADJACENT CATHODE AND IS PARALLEL TO SAID PARTITION,
2. SAID CATHODE PORTION ENCOMPASSED A NEXT-ADJACENT ANODE AND IS PARALLEL TO AND SPACED APART FROM THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF SAID PARTITION AND THE NEXT-ADJACENT PARTITION, AND
2. a U-shaped, foraminous, cathode portion adapted to receive and encompass a sheet-like anode, and
2. A U-SHAPED, FORAMINOUS, CATHODE PORTION ADAPTED TO RECEIVE AND ENCOMPASS A SHEET-LIKE ANODE, AND
2. A cell as in claim 1 wherein the bipolar electrode comprises a continuous sheet of expanded titanium mesh, the anode portion of which bears an electrocatalytic coating on the surface thereof.
2. said cathode portion encompasses a next-adjacent anode and is parallel to and spaced apart from the opposite side of said partition and the next-adjacent partition, and
3. said connecting portion is held between an edge of said partition and a container sidewall; and H. means for passing electrolyte and products of electrolysis from the bottom to the top of the container through the partition of each of the cell units in sequence.
3. A cell as in claim 1 wherein spacers are provided to space said cathode and cathode portions apart from said partitions.
3. A CONDUCTIVE CONNECTING PORTION JOINING SAID ANODE AND CATHODE PORTIONS; G. SAID BIPOLAR ELECTRODE BEING HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED IN ADJACENT CELL UNNITS ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PARTITION SO THAT
3. a conductive connecting portion joining said anode and cathode portions; G. said bipolar electrode being horizontally disposed in adjacent cell units on opposite sides of a partition so that
3. SAID CONNECTING PORTION IS HELD BETWEEN AN EDGE OF SAID PARTITION AND A CONTAINER SIDEWALL; AND H. MEANS FOR PASSING ELECTROLYTE AND PRODUCTS OF ELECTROLYSIS FROM THE BOTTOM TO THE TOP OF THE CONTAINER THROUGH THE PARTITION OF EACH OF THE CELL UNITS IN SEQUENCE.
4. A cell as in claim 1 wherein spacers are provided between each anode and its encompassing cathode to maintain an anode-cathode gap.
5. A cell as in claim 1 wherein a gasket is provided between said container sidewall and a partition edge so that the connecting portion of the bipolar electrode is held between said partition edge and said gasket in a sealing arrangement.
6. A cell as in claim 1 wherein the bipolar electrode comprises an anode portion of expanded titanium metal coated with an electrocatalytic material and joined to connecting and cathode portions from the group of foraminous stainless steel, nickel, and palladium-titanium alloy.
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00381730A US3849281A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1973-07-23 | Bipolar hypochlorite cell |
| JP48101748A JPS5228104B2 (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1973-09-11 | |
| CA203,107A CA1034082A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-06-21 | Bipolar hypochlorite cell |
| GB3235974A GB1419366A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | Electrolytic cells |
| IT52215/74A IT1016943B (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | BIPOLAR ELECTROLYTIC CELL IN PARTICULAR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYPOOLORITES OF ALKALINE METALS |
| NO742667A NO742667L (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | |
| DE2435185A DE2435185C3 (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | Electrolytic cell |
| SE7409488A SE393997B (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYPOCHLORITE |
| DK394474A DK394474A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | |
| IL45328A IL45328A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | Bipolar electrolytic hypochlorite cell |
| BR6031/74A BR7406031D0 (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | ELECTRIC CEDULA |
| AU71469/74A AU472642B2 (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 | Bipolar hypochlorite cell |
| FR7425307A FR2238774B1 (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1974-07-22 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00381730A US3849281A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1973-07-23 | Bipolar hypochlorite cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3849281A true US3849281A (en) | 1974-11-19 |
Family
ID=23506157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00381730A Expired - Lifetime US3849281A (en) | 1973-07-23 | 1973-07-23 | Bipolar hypochlorite cell |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3849281A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5228104B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU472642B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7406031D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1034082A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2435185C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK394474A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2238774B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1419366A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL45328A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1016943B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO742667L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE393997B (en) |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3974058A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1976-08-10 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Ruthenium coated cathodes |
| US4032426A (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1977-06-28 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Electrolysis cells |
| US4046653A (en) * | 1975-02-20 | 1977-09-06 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Novel electrolysis method and apparatus |
| US4108756A (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1978-08-22 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Electtrochimici S.P.A. | Bipolar electrode construction |
| US4118307A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1978-10-03 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Batch sodium hypochlorite generator |
| US4139449A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-02-13 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Electrolytic cell for producing alkali metal hypochlorites |
| US4151052A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1979-04-24 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Process for producing sodium hypochlorite |
| US4317709A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1982-03-02 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Apparatus for electrolyzing an aqueous solution |
| US4495048A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1985-01-22 | The Japan Carlit Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for electrolysis of saline water |
| US4497112A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for making double L-shaped electrode |
| US5928493A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-07-27 | Kaspar Electroplating Corporation | Process and apparatus for electrocoagulative treatment of industrial waste water |
| US6346197B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2002-02-12 | Mckay Creek Technologies Ltd. | Water and wastewater treatment system and process for contaminant removal |
| US6582592B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2003-06-24 | Hydrotreat, Inc. | Apparatus for removing dissolved metals from wastewater by electrocoagulation |
| US6689271B2 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2004-02-10 | Kaspar Wire Works, Inc. | Process and apparatus for electrocoagulative treatment of industrial waste water |
| US20040079650A1 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2004-04-29 | Morkovsky Paul E. | Electrocoagulation reactor |
| WO2004065309A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-05 | Severn Trent De Nora | Electrolytic cell |
| US6805787B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2004-10-19 | Severn Trent Services-Water Purification Solutions, Inc. | Method and system for generating hypochlorite |
| US20070007146A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Severn Trent Water Purification, Inc. | Process for producing hypochlorite |
| US20080164152A1 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-10 | Miox Corporation | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells |
| US20110042234A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-02-24 | P2W Cy Limited | Integrated electrolytic and chemical method for producing clean treated water wherein cyanide species concentration is less than 1 milligram per liter |
| EP2289852A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-02 | Energy Wood Limited | Improved electrolytic cell for generating chlorine in a pool |
| US20110135562A1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-06-09 | Terriss Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Two stage process for electrochemically generating hypochlorous acid through closed loop, continuous batch processing of brine |
| US8430996B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2013-04-30 | Kaspar Electroplating Corporation | Electrocoagulation reactor having segmented intermediate uncharged plates |
| US10194665B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2019-02-05 | Epios Co., Ltd. | Cleaning solution and manufacturing method therefor |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1518762A (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1978-07-26 | Paterson Candy Int | Bipolar cell |
| DE2908269C2 (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1984-04-26 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Hydrochloric acid electrolysis cell |
| US4401543A (en) * | 1980-12-11 | 1983-08-30 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Electrolytic cell for magnesium chloride |
| DE3239535A1 (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-04-26 | Heraeus-Elektroden Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | BIPOLAR ELECTRODE |
| CN103046071B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-02-18 | 苏州市启扬商贸有限公司 | Ion membrane electrolysis unit tank |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191403181A (en) * | 1913-02-21 | 1915-03-08 | Clarence Patterson Landreth | Improvements in or relating to Electro-chemical Treatment of Liquids. |
| US1541947A (en) * | 1922-03-21 | 1925-06-16 | Electric Water Sterilizer & Oz | Electrolytic cell |
| GB1145751A (en) * | 1965-04-01 | 1969-03-19 | John Thomson Anderson | An electrolyser cell and frame and a method of making the same |
-
1973
- 1973-07-23 US US00381730A patent/US3849281A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-09-11 JP JP48101748A patent/JPS5228104B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-06-21 CA CA203,107A patent/CA1034082A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-22 DK DK394474A patent/DK394474A/da unknown
- 1974-07-22 NO NO742667A patent/NO742667L/no unknown
- 1974-07-22 IL IL45328A patent/IL45328A/en unknown
- 1974-07-22 IT IT52215/74A patent/IT1016943B/en active
- 1974-07-22 BR BR6031/74A patent/BR7406031D0/en unknown
- 1974-07-22 FR FR7425307A patent/FR2238774B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-07-22 AU AU71469/74A patent/AU472642B2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-22 GB GB3235974A patent/GB1419366A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-22 DE DE2435185A patent/DE2435185C3/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-22 SE SE7409488A patent/SE393997B/en unknown
Cited By (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4032426A (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1977-06-28 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Electrolysis cells |
| US4108756A (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1978-08-22 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Electtrochimici S.P.A. | Bipolar electrode construction |
| US3974058A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1976-08-10 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Ruthenium coated cathodes |
| US4046653A (en) * | 1975-02-20 | 1977-09-06 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Novel electrolysis method and apparatus |
| US4118307A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1978-10-03 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Batch sodium hypochlorite generator |
| US4139449A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-02-13 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Electrolytic cell for producing alkali metal hypochlorites |
| US4151052A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1979-04-24 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Process for producing sodium hypochlorite |
| US4317709A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1982-03-02 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Apparatus for electrolyzing an aqueous solution |
| US4495048A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1985-01-22 | The Japan Carlit Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for electrolysis of saline water |
| US4497112A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for making double L-shaped electrode |
| US5928493A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-07-27 | Kaspar Electroplating Corporation | Process and apparatus for electrocoagulative treatment of industrial waste water |
| US6689271B2 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2004-02-10 | Kaspar Wire Works, Inc. | Process and apparatus for electrocoagulative treatment of industrial waste water |
| US20040079650A1 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2004-04-29 | Morkovsky Paul E. | Electrocoagulation reactor |
| US6663783B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2003-12-16 | Mckay Creek Technologies, Ltd. | Electrochemical cell for removing contaminants from a wastewater stream |
| US6346197B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2002-02-12 | Mckay Creek Technologies Ltd. | Water and wastewater treatment system and process for contaminant removal |
| US6495048B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2002-12-17 | Mckay Creek Technologies, Ltd. | Water and wastewater treatment system and process for contaminant removal |
| US6582592B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2003-06-24 | Hydrotreat, Inc. | Apparatus for removing dissolved metals from wastewater by electrocoagulation |
| US20030196938A1 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-10-23 | Hydrotreat, Inc. | Apparatus for removing dissolved metals from wastewater by electrocoagulation |
| US6797179B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2004-09-28 | Hydrotreat, Inc. | Method for removing dissolved metals from wastewater by electrocoagulation |
| US6805787B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2004-10-19 | Severn Trent Services-Water Purification Solutions, Inc. | Method and system for generating hypochlorite |
| US8431009B2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2013-04-30 | Kaspar Electroplating Corporation | Electrocoagulation reactor |
| US20070068826A1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2007-03-29 | Morkovsky Paul E | Electrocoagulation reactor |
| WO2004065309A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-05 | Severn Trent De Nora | Electrolytic cell |
| US20040154918A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-12 | Dena Casbeer | Electrolytic cell |
| US20070007146A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Severn Trent Water Purification, Inc. | Process for producing hypochlorite |
| US7955481B2 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2011-06-07 | Miox Corporation | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells |
| US20080164152A1 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-10 | Miox Corporation | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells |
| US20110042234A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-02-24 | P2W Cy Limited | Integrated electrolytic and chemical method for producing clean treated water wherein cyanide species concentration is less than 1 milligram per liter |
| EP2289852A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-02 | Energy Wood Limited | Improved electrolytic cell for generating chlorine in a pool |
| CN102002727A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-04-06 | 能活有限公司 | Improved electrolytic cell for generating chlorine in a pool |
| US20110135562A1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-06-09 | Terriss Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Two stage process for electrochemically generating hypochlorous acid through closed loop, continuous batch processing of brine |
| US8430996B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2013-04-30 | Kaspar Electroplating Corporation | Electrocoagulation reactor having segmented intermediate uncharged plates |
| US10194665B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2019-02-05 | Epios Co., Ltd. | Cleaning solution and manufacturing method therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7406031D0 (en) | 1975-05-13 |
| DE2435185A1 (en) | 1975-02-06 |
| DK394474A (en) | 1975-03-17 |
| IT1016943B (en) | 1977-06-20 |
| DE2435185B2 (en) | 1981-04-09 |
| AU472642B2 (en) | 1976-05-27 |
| IL45328A0 (en) | 1974-10-22 |
| CA1034082A (en) | 1978-07-04 |
| JPS5228104B2 (en) | 1977-07-25 |
| IL45328A (en) | 1978-07-31 |
| NO742667L (en) | 1975-02-17 |
| GB1419366A (en) | 1975-12-31 |
| DE2435185C3 (en) | 1982-02-25 |
| AU7146974A (en) | 1976-01-22 |
| SE7409488L (en) | 1975-01-24 |
| FR2238774B1 (en) | 1977-06-24 |
| FR2238774A1 (en) | 1975-02-21 |
| JPS5033983A (en) | 1975-04-02 |
| SE393997B (en) | 1977-05-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3849281A (en) | Bipolar hypochlorite cell | |
| EP0031897B1 (en) | Bipolar element, method for its manufacture and diaphragm electrolyzer, and process for the electrolysis of alkali metal halide using such a bipolar element | |
| RU2041291C1 (en) | Electrolyzer | |
| US3242059A (en) | Electrolytic process for production of chlorine and caustic | |
| US3859197A (en) | Bipolar electrodes | |
| US3598715A (en) | Electrolytic cell | |
| US4013525A (en) | Electrolytic cells | |
| CA1063064A (en) | Electrolyzers with bipolar electrodes | |
| US3836448A (en) | Frames for electrolytic cells of the filter-press type | |
| US4584080A (en) | Bipolar electrolysis apparatus with gas diffusion cathode | |
| EP0185271A1 (en) | A monopolar electrochemical cell, cell unit, and process for conducting electrolysis in a monopolar cell series | |
| CA2154692A1 (en) | Electrode configuration for gas-forming electrolytic processes in cells with an ion exchanger membrane or with a diaphragm | |
| US4139449A (en) | Electrolytic cell for producing alkali metal hypochlorites | |
| US3910827A (en) | Diaphragm cell | |
| US3779889A (en) | Electrolytic cell for the manufacture of oxyhalogens | |
| US3994798A (en) | Module electrode assembly for electrolytic cells | |
| US3785951A (en) | Electrolyzer comprising diaphragmless cell spaces flowed through by the electrolyte | |
| US5013414A (en) | Electrode structure for an electrolytic cell and electrolytic process used therein | |
| US3930980A (en) | Electrolysis cell | |
| KR860001501B1 (en) | Double l-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell | |
| JPS5943885A (en) | Electrode device for gas generation electrolytic cell and vertical plate electrode therefor | |
| JPS63140093A (en) | Electrode structure for gas forming electrolytic cell | |
| US4108756A (en) | Bipolar electrode construction | |
| US6527923B2 (en) | Bifurcated electrode of use in electrolytic cells | |
| SE445562B (en) | electrolysis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION CHANGED TO DIAMOND CHEMICALS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004197/0130 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION, 6100 GLADES ROAD, BOCA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION, 717 N. HARWOOD STREET, DALLAS, TX 75201;REEL/FRAME:004357/0479 Effective date: 19841024 |