US3813546A - Process of making a subtracted image radiographic record - Google Patents
Process of making a subtracted image radiographic record Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3813546A US3813546A US00336709A US33670973A US3813546A US 3813546 A US3813546 A US 3813546A US 00336709 A US00336709 A US 00336709A US 33670973 A US33670973 A US 33670973A US 3813546 A US3813546 A US 3813546A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- making
- exposure
- electrodes
- receptor
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000063 preceeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/504—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/054—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern using X-rays, e.g. electroradiography
- G03G15/0545—Ionography, i.e. X-rays induced liquid or gas discharge
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Method and apparatus using an electron radiographic system for making a subtracted image record of an object.
- the method includes the steps of making the first exposure with a first polarity for the field between the electrodes, reversing the polarity and making a second exposure on the same dielectric receptor, and developing the resultant electrostatic image, typically with a contrast material being introduced into the object between the exposures.
- This invention relates to the creation of X-ray images without the use of conventional X-ray film, sometimes referred to as ionography or electron radiography.
- it relates to the technique described in the copending application of Muntz, et al, Ser. No. 261,927, filed lune lg 1972, entitled Radiographic Systems with Xerographiclrinting, and assig nedfothe same assignee as the present application.
- an X-ray opaque gas at high pressure e.g.
- the invention is related to the use of electroradiography in the production of subtracted image pictures or records.
- Subtraction is a technique used in medical radiography to enhance the visibility of certain features, such as blood vessels, in a radiographic record such as an X-ray picture.
- This enchancement is achieved by making two radiographic exposures, the first with no contrast or radiopaque medium present in the features to be made visible (e.g. blood vessels), the second after administration of a contrast medium.
- the first exposure is used to make a so-called base film.
- a subtraction mask is made from this initial radiograph' which mask is a reverse-tone facsimile of the initial radiograph. After the radiopaque material is introduced into the imaging area, a second radiograph is made.
- the density observed over the image will be essentially uniform except in those areas where the radiographs differ, provided the reverse tone facsimile has preserved the density differences in the original.
- the features common to both radiographs are substracted from the image as viewed, leaving only those features wherein the radiographs differ, principally the radiopaque detail.
- the two superimposed radiographs can then be used to produce, photographically, a third, subtracted film, which exhibits ideally only the radiopaque detail.
- the new and novel method of the invention provides for making a subtracted image radiographic record while making only one radiograph, the finished picture, eliminating the making of the base film, the reverse tone facsimile andthe diagnostic film and eliminating the superimposition of the base and diagnostic films.
- a first electron radiographic exposure is made in the conventional manner to produce an electrostatic image on the dielectric receptor sheet.
- the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes is changed and a second exposure is made, with the contrast material having been introduced into the object of interest between the exposures.
- the second exposure with the reversed polarity produces a second latent electrostatic image on the dielectric receptor which is the exact negative of the preceeding latent image produced by the first exposure, except in those areas where the X-ray flux patterns differ, the differences in X-ray flux patterns being produced by the contrast medium present in the object during this second exposure.
- the dielectric receptor has zero or substantially zero electrostatic charge everywhere except in those areas in which the two exposures differed.
- the subtraction of one image from the other has been performed by charge cancellation, with exact registration being automatically obtained by maintaining the imaging chamber and object stationary between the two exposures.
- the final subtracted picture is produced by developing xerographically the electrostatic image after the second exposure.
- the subtracted image can be produced in the time required to make two electron radiographic exposures, since the time required for polarity reversal is negligible.
- FIGURE of the drawing illustrates an electron radiographic system with X-ray source, imaging chamber and voltage supplies and incorporating the presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
- X-rays are directed from a source 10 past the object 11 being X-rayed to the imaging chamber 12, which may be conventional in design such as that disclosed in the aforementioned copending application.
- a typical imaging chamber includes a housing 13 carrying a first electrode 14 on an insulator 15, with a second electrode 16 carried on another insulator 17.
- the dielectric sheet receptor 18 may be carried on the electrode 16, with gas introduced into the chamber at 19 filling the gap between the electrodes.
- a high voltage supply 25 is connected acrossthe electrodes 14, 16 by means of a polarity reversing unit such as a double pole double throw switch 26.
- the X-ray source 10 may be energized from another high voltage supply 27, with both supplies 25 and 27 turned on by a control switch 28 to provide an exposure.
- the object 11 is placed in position between the source 10 and the imaging chamber 12, the dielectric receptor 18 is loaded into the imaging chamber, and an appropriate gas charge is introduced into the chamber.
- the switch 26 is actuated to connect a voltage of one polarity from the supply 25 to the electrodes 14, 16.
- the switch 26 may be thrown to the up position connecting the positive output from the supply 25 to the electrode 16 and connecting the negative output to the electrode 14.
- the system is then ready for the first exposure which may be produced by actuating the control switch 28.
- This first exposure produces a first latent electrostatic image on the receptor 18.
- the switch 26 is moved to the opposite position, connecting the positive output to the electrode 14 and connecting the negative output to the electrode 16.
- the system is then ready for the second exposure.
- the contrast material may be introduced into the object 11 between the two exposures.
- the second exposure is produced in the same manner as the first exposure, resulting in a second latent electrostatic image on the receptor 18.
- the receptor is now removed from the imaging chamber and developed by conventional xerographic techniques to provide a visible image. This visible image will be that portion of the object receiving the contrast medium between the two exposures. Under ideal operating conditions, all other areas of the receptor will have received two charges of the same magnitude and opposite polarity which exactly cancel each other and leave the receptor clear. Thus it is seen that a complete subtracted image record can be made while requiring only a single picture and eliminating all registration problems.
- a process of making a subtracted image radiographic record of an object with an electron radiographic system having an imaging chamber with spaced electrodes and an ionizable X-ray opaque fluid in the gap between the electrodes, a dielectric receptor at one of said electrodes, and a dc power supply including steps of:
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
- Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00336709A US3813546A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1973-02-28 | Process of making a subtracted image radiographic record |
DE2407763A DE2407763C2 (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-19 | Method and device for producing an X-ray image record using the subtraction method |
CA192,904A CA1003894A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-19 | Process of making a subtracted image radio-graphic record |
NL7402440A NL7402440A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-22 | |
IT48756/74A IT1008951B (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-26 | PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR OBTAINING RADIOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION WITH THE SUBTRACTIVE METHOD |
BE141446A BE811638A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-27 | DIRECT TRAINING PROCESS OF A RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDING BY SUBTRACTION |
FR7406703A FR2219436B1 (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-27 | |
GB896874A GB1405735A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-27 | Process and apparatus for making a substracted image radiographic record |
JP2291574A JPS5710430B2 (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1974-02-28 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00336709A US3813546A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1973-02-28 | Process of making a subtracted image radiographic record |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3813546A true US3813546A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
Family
ID=23317311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00336709A Expired - Lifetime US3813546A (en) | 1973-02-28 | 1973-02-28 | Process of making a subtracted image radiographic record |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3813546A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5710430B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE811638A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1003894A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2407763C2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2219436B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1405735A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1008951B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7402440A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3892964A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-07-01 | Xonics Inc | Insulating electrode for breakdown inhibition in electronradiography imaging chamber |
US3963924A (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1976-06-15 | National Research Development Corporation | Method and apparatus for taking x-ray pictures |
US3988584A (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1976-10-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for the electro-photographic taking of radioscopic pictures |
US4038943A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1977-08-02 | Xerox Corporation | Signal amplification by charging and illuminating a partially developed latent electrostatic image |
US4267450A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of eliminating background residual charge in electrophotographic image reproduction and apparatus for carrying out said method |
US20020172323A1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-11-21 | University Of Massachusetts Medical Center | Device for detection of extravasation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5270947U (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-05-26 | ||
DE2703937A1 (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-08-03 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | PROCEDURE FOR THE ROENTGENOLOGICAL RECORDING OF TIMELY CHANGING PROCEDURES |
JPH0441818Y2 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1992-10-01 | ||
JPH0432928Y2 (en) * | 1987-02-04 | 1992-08-07 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2866903A (en) * | 1954-11-02 | 1958-12-30 | Berchtold Jean | Process for photoelectric reproductions and apparatus therefor |
US3057997A (en) * | 1956-05-21 | 1962-10-09 | Edward K Kaprelian | Exposure charged electrophotography |
US3194131A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | 1965-07-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Document copiers |
US3484752A (en) * | 1965-04-19 | 1969-12-16 | Univ New York | Apparatus for storing and visibly reproducing images using an electroluminescent cell exhibiting persistent internal polarization |
US3526767A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1970-09-01 | Xerox Corp | Image amplification in ionography by avalanche method |
US3534383A (en) * | 1964-12-14 | 1970-10-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method of electrostatic recording and electrostatic recording apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE792334A (en) * | 1972-01-12 | 1973-03-30 | Xonics Inc | XEROGRAPHIC PRINTING RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEM |
-
1973
- 1973-02-28 US US00336709A patent/US3813546A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-02-19 DE DE2407763A patent/DE2407763C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-19 CA CA192,904A patent/CA1003894A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-22 NL NL7402440A patent/NL7402440A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-02-26 IT IT48756/74A patent/IT1008951B/en active
- 1974-02-27 BE BE141446A patent/BE811638A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-27 FR FR7406703A patent/FR2219436B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-02-27 GB GB896874A patent/GB1405735A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-28 JP JP2291574A patent/JPS5710430B2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2866903A (en) * | 1954-11-02 | 1958-12-30 | Berchtold Jean | Process for photoelectric reproductions and apparatus therefor |
US3057997A (en) * | 1956-05-21 | 1962-10-09 | Edward K Kaprelian | Exposure charged electrophotography |
US3194131A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | 1965-07-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Document copiers |
US3534383A (en) * | 1964-12-14 | 1970-10-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method of electrostatic recording and electrostatic recording apparatus |
US3484752A (en) * | 1965-04-19 | 1969-12-16 | Univ New York | Apparatus for storing and visibly reproducing images using an electroluminescent cell exhibiting persistent internal polarization |
US3526767A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1970-09-01 | Xerox Corp | Image amplification in ionography by avalanche method |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3892964A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-07-01 | Xonics Inc | Insulating electrode for breakdown inhibition in electronradiography imaging chamber |
US3963924A (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1976-06-15 | National Research Development Corporation | Method and apparatus for taking x-ray pictures |
US3988584A (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1976-10-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for the electro-photographic taking of radioscopic pictures |
US4038943A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1977-08-02 | Xerox Corporation | Signal amplification by charging and illuminating a partially developed latent electrostatic image |
US4267450A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of eliminating background residual charge in electrophotographic image reproduction and apparatus for carrying out said method |
US20020172323A1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-11-21 | University Of Massachusetts Medical Center | Device for detection of extravasation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1405735A (en) | 1975-09-10 |
JPS502889A (en) | 1975-01-13 |
JPS5710430B2 (en) | 1982-02-26 |
FR2219436B1 (en) | 1977-06-10 |
DE2407763C2 (en) | 1982-08-05 |
DE2407763A1 (en) | 1974-08-29 |
CA1003894A (en) | 1977-01-18 |
BE811638A (en) | 1974-06-17 |
FR2219436A1 (en) | 1974-09-20 |
IT1008951B (en) | 1976-11-30 |
NL7402440A (en) | 1974-08-30 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ELSCINT, LIMITED, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNORS DO HEREBY QUITCLAIM, ASSIGN AND TRANSFER THEIR ENTIRE RIGHTS, TITLE AND INTEREST THEY MAYHAVE IN SAID INVENTIN TO ASSIGNEES;ASSIGNORS:XONICS, INC.;XONICS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005029/0007 Effective date: 19880718 Owner name: ELSCINT, INC., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: ASSIGNORS DO HEREBY QUITCLAIM, ASSIGN AND TRANSFER THEIR ENTIRE RIGHTS, TITLE AND INTEREST THEY MAYHAVE IN SAID INVENTIN TO ASSIGNEES;ASSIGNORS:XONICS, INC.;XONICS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005029/0007 Effective date: 19880718 Owner name: ELSCINT IMAGING, INC., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: ASSIGNORS DO HEREBY QUITCLAIM, ASSIGN AND TRANSFER THEIR ENTIRE RIGHTS, TITLE AND INTEREST THEY MAYHAVE IN SAID INVENTIN TO ASSIGNEES;ASSIGNORS:XONICS, INC.;XONICS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005029/0007 Effective date: 19880718 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: XONICS INC., A CA. CORP., ILLINOIS Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST CHICAGO INVESTMENT CORPORATION, AS AGENT;REEL/FRAME:005013/0715 Effective date: 19881207 |