US3802668A - Apparatus for inverting flow in a conduit - Google Patents

Apparatus for inverting flow in a conduit Download PDF

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US3802668A
US3802668A US00264859A US26485972A US3802668A US 3802668 A US3802668 A US 3802668A US 00264859 A US00264859 A US 00264859A US 26485972 A US26485972 A US 26485972A US 3802668 A US3802668 A US 3802668A
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pipe
conduit
flow
upstream
conduit means
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Messance F Charles
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Cellophane SA France
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/362—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using static mixing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4334—Mixers with a converging cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A flow exchanging device and a process using the same for diverting a fluid flowing on the periphery of a conduit towards the center thereof and simultaneously diverting a second fluid flowing in the center of the conduit to the periphery thereof, such device being an open tapered pipe having a plurality of openings on its walls and protruding lips around each of the openings for diverting the peripheral flow towards the center of the conduit.
  • the center flow is diverted to the periphery through the wall openings.
  • the device is particular adapted to use in the spinning of cellulose films from two qualities of viscose.
  • the viscose before reaching the hopper, travels a long path in an intake conduit, on the inside of which its travel obeys the laws of fluid mechanics, i.e., its flow can be theoretically likened to that of juxtaposed streams each having their own speed, a speed that increases from the periphery to the center. Consequently, the viscose of the peripheral streams has undergone, when it arrives in the hopper a more pronounced aging than that whichtraveled in the center. Since these streams do not overlap, this peripheral viscose is that which constitutes the surface zone, or skin, of the film particularly the edges.
  • the older, more viscous and mature viscose is of an inferior quality to that of the new or younger and more fluid viscose which circulates in the center. It is more heterogeneous and often carries gels'and often results in weakened edges and irregular surface zone.
  • the exchanger according to the present invention can be connected by any known means with the conduit means provided it extends exactly axially within the inside wall of the latter.
  • the conduit means consists of an upstream conduit and a downstream conduit.
  • the exchanger of flow inverter is integrally formed with the upstream conduit as a single unit. This unit at the exchanger end is inserted axially within the downstream conduit.
  • other embodiments are possible. It is not particularly necessary that the shape of the frustum of the cane be rigorously geometric but it should be tapered gradually. A similar form, slightly rounded, for example, is perfectlysuitable.
  • the inclination of the cone frustum and the diameter of. its small circumference and the position, number and dimension and shape of the lateral openings can vary and depend essentially on the relative size of the flows that are to be exchanged.
  • Such flow inverter is particularly adapted for use in a process for spinning cellulose films by extrudion of viscose from a hopper into a acidic coagulation bath.
  • the flow inverter is utilized in that prior to reaching the spinning hopper, the viscose flowing through a conduit passes through the flowing inverter means whereby the viscose flowing on the periphery of the conduit is diverted to the center of the conduit and a substantial portion of the viscose flowing in the center of the conduit is diverted to the periphery. In'this way it is possible to produce a cellulose film wherein the skin and edges particularly are made up of a new viscose with the core or center being composed of a more mature viscose.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the exchanger device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2 looking in the direction against the flow within the exchanger device.
  • the flow exchanger of the present invention while primarily intended for use in the formation of cellulose films having improved surface zone and edge characteristics, is capable of being adapted to any process and apparatus where it is desired to achieve a more homogeneous product or to alter surface and edge properties. Accordingly, the accompanying drawings do not include the hopper and other equipment associated with the extrusion and spinning of cellulose films.
  • FIG. 1 The operation of the flow exchanger is shown in FIG. 1 where the direction of flow is indicated by the arrows.
  • the conduit means consists of upstream conduit 1 and downstream conduit 3.
  • the flow of viscose consists of two distinct qualities represented by stream A flowing along the periphery and stream B flowing in the center of the conduit. This representation of the flow follows from the laws of fluid mechanics of viscous flow within a conduit and results primarily from the increased friction of the viscose on the conduit walls.
  • tapered pipe 2 Integrally connected to upstream conduit 1, at the end which is inserted into downstream conduit 3, is tapered pipe 2, which, as shown is in the form of a truncated cone having its truncated end 7 extending into downstream conduit 3 and which forms the flow exchanger of the present invention.
  • tapered pipe 2 it is not essential to the functioning of the flow exchanger that the shape of the tapered pipe 2 be as shown and his possible, for example, for the tapering to be more gradual,'as with slightly rounded walls.
  • a fluid tight seal between the larger base circumference 8 of the tapered pipe 2 and the downstream conduit 3 is achieved by means of a fluid-tight ring or gasket 4. It is important that the two conduit sections and exchanger are in axial alignment.
  • openings 5 Located on the walls of tapered pipe 2 between the base 8 and the truncated end 7 are the essentially equally spaced openings 5 which are rounded and wider at the narrow end of the pipe and gradually taper back in the direction of the larger, upstream end 8. Thus, the openings 5 widen in the direction of the flow of viscose.
  • Each of the openings 5 is bordered by lips 6 bent towards and extending into the pipe.
  • FIG. 2 is taken looking at the exchanger in the direction opposed to the flow.
  • the flow exchanger When used in a process for spinning cellulose films by extrusion of viscose into an acid coagulation bath through the extrusion slit of a hopper fed by an intake conduit, the flow exchanger is inserted into the intake conduit as described above.
  • the flow exchanger of the present invention is capable of numerous other applications in addition to forming improved cellulose films, having better homogeneity as well as improved skins and edges. It is also suitable for homogenizing any products or mixture of fluid products, including liquids in a molten or plastic state.
  • Apparatus for diverting towards the center of conduit means a first fluid stream initially flowing along the periphery of the conduit means and simultaneously causing a substantial proportion of the flow of a second fluid stream initially flowing in the center of the conduit means to be diverted towards the periphery of the conduit means comprising a. a downstream conduit section b. an upstream conduit section in fluid tight connection to said downstream conduit section, and
  • fluid flow inverting means axially aligned within said conduit means comprising a truncated conical shaped pipe connected upstream at its larger base circumference to said upstream conduit section, the truncated end of said conical shaped pipe extending into said downstream conduit means, said truncated conical shaped pipe being provided with, on its walls, intermediate said larger circumference base and said truncated end, at least one opening tapered toward the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said at least one openings being bordered by lips bent towards and extending into said conical shaped pipes, thereby providing at least one flow diverting lip within said truncated conical shaped pipe.
  • flow inverting means for inverting the flow of an old viscose from the periphery of said conduit means to the center thereof and simultaneously inverting a substantial proportion of the flow of a young viscose, flowing in the center of said conduit means, to the periphery thereof;
  • said flow inverting means comprising a tapered pipe axially aligned within said conduit means, and having an open upstream end and an open truncated end, said tapered pipe being connected to said conduit means at its upstream end, the circumference of said tapered pipe gradually decreasing in the direction of flow from said upstream end to said truncated end, said tapered pipe being provided with a plurality of openings intermediate said upstream end and said truncated end, each of said openings being tapered towards the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said opening
  • conduit means consists of an upstream pipe and a downstream pipe, said upstream pipe being axially connected within said downstream pipe by a fluid tight seal and said tapered pipe being integrally connected to said upstream pipe whereby the truncated end of said tapered pipe extends into said downstream pipe.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

A flow exchanging device and a process using the same for diverting a fluid flowing on the periphery of a conduit towards the center thereof and simultaneously diverting a second fluid flowing in the center of the conduit to the periphery thereof, such device being an open tapered pipe having a plurality of openings on its walls and protruding lips around each of the openings for diverting the peripheral flow towards the center of the conduit. The center flow is diverted to the periphery through the wall openings. The device is particular adapted to use in the spinning of cellulose films from two qualities of viscose.

Description

Charles-Messance Apr. 9, 1974 APPARATUS FOR INVERTING FLOW IN A CONDUIT [75] Inventor: Francois Charles-Messance,
Mantes-laJolie, France [73] Assignee: La Cellophane, Paris, France 22 Filed: June 21, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 264,859
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 29, 1971 France .7 l .2358L [52] US. Cl. 259/4 [51] Int. Cl B0lf 15/02 [58] Field of Search 259/4, 18, 36; 425/198 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,402,916 9/1968 Kates 259/4 3,427,002 2/1969 Wilding 259/4 3,697,051 10/1972 Lachman 259/18 3,701,619 10/1972 Appeldoorn 425/198 Primary Examiner-Robert W. Jenkins Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sherman & Shalloway [5 7] ABSTRACT A flow exchanging device and a process using the same for diverting a fluid flowing on the periphery of a conduit towards the center thereof and simultaneously diverting a second fluid flowing in the center of the conduit to the periphery thereof, such device being an open tapered pipe having a plurality of openings on its walls and protruding lips around each of the openings for diverting the peripheral flow towards the center of the conduit. The center flow is diverted to the periphery through the wall openings. The device is particular adapted to use in the spinning of cellulose films from two qualities of viscose.
7 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures APPARATUS FOR INVERTING FLOW IN A CONDUIT FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known that transparent films of regenerated cellulose, widely marketed under the trademark fCellophane are obtained by continuous extrusion of a caustic solution of viscose through the slit of a hopper into an acid regeneration bath where the film coagulates.
In the apparatus presently in use the viscose, before reaching the hopper, travels a long path in an intake conduit, on the inside of which its travel obeys the laws of fluid mechanics, i.e., its flow can be theoretically likened to that of juxtaposed streams each having their own speed, a speed that increases from the periphery to the center. Consequently, the viscose of the peripheral streams has undergone, when it arrives in the hopper a more pronounced aging than that whichtraveled in the center. Since these streams do not overlap, this peripheral viscose is that which constitutes the surface zone, or skin, of the film particularly the edges.
The older, more viscous and mature viscose is of an inferior quality to that of the new or younger and more fluid viscose which circulates in the center. It is more heterogeneous and often carries gels'and often results in weakened edges and irregular surface zone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention the above difficulties are overcome in a simple and economic manner which does not require any major modifications of existing equipment.
In this regard the previously noted drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior apparatus and processes have feeding the hopper and connected upstream by its larger base circumference with the inside wall of the conduit means; the truncated end or smaller base of the device is oriented downstream, with respect to the larger base, within the conduit means. The truncated conical extension is provided on its walls between the large and small. base with openings tapered toward the back an enlarging in the direction of the current. The openings of this exchanger, which is generally metal, are, in addition, bent toward the inside of the cone.
The exchanger according to the present invention can be connected by any known means with the conduit means provided it extends exactly axially within the inside wall of the latter. According to one embodiment the conduit means consists of an upstream conduit and a downstream conduit. The exchanger of flow inverter is integrally formed with the upstream conduit as a single unit. This unit at the exchanger end is inserted axially within the downstream conduit. Of course, other embodiments are possible. It is not particularly necessary that the shape of the frustum of the cane be rigorously geometric but it should be tapered gradually. A similar form, slightly rounded, for example, is perfectlysuitable.
The inclination of the cone frustum and the diameter of. its small circumference and the position, number and dimension and shape of the lateral openings can vary and depend essentially on the relative size of the flows that are to be exchanged.
Such flow inverter is particularly adapted for use in a process for spinning cellulose films by extrudion of viscose from a hopper into a acidic coagulation bath. The flow inverter is utilized in that prior to reaching the spinning hopper, the viscose flowing through a conduit passes through the flowing inverter means whereby the viscose flowing on the periphery of the conduit is diverted to the center of the conduit and a substantial portion of the viscose flowing in the center of the conduit is diverted to the periphery. In'this way it is possible to produce a cellulose film wherein the skin and edges particularly are made up of a new viscose with the core or center being composed of a more mature viscose.
The advantage of obtaining a cellulose film whose skin, and more particularly edges, are made up of a new viscose and whose core is made up of a more mature viscoselies in the importance of the edges on the regu larity of the spinning operation and the importance of the skin on the surface characteristics of the film.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide apparatus for diverting fluid flowing through a conduit as well as a process utilizing such apparatus, specifically in the spinning of viscose wherein the process and apparatus eliminate disadvantages over previous proposals.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a flow inverting device which will bring towards the center of the intake conduit the viscose that travels on the periphery and to move toward the periphery a part of the most fluid viscose that travels in the center.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an exchanger or flow inverter in the form of a tapered pipe open at both ends and having a plurality of openings on its walls, each of such openings enlarging in the direction of the small, truncated base and further each of such openings being bent inwardly at its edges to present a lip for inverting the flow within the exchanger.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent when read in the light of the accompanying description and drawings and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the exchanger device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2 looking in the direction against the flow within the exchanger device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The flow exchanger of the present invention, while primarily intended for use in the formation of cellulose films having improved surface zone and edge characteristics, is capable of being adapted to any process and apparatus where it is desired to achieve a more homogeneous product or to alter surface and edge properties. Accordingly, the accompanying drawings do not include the hopper and other equipment associated with the extrusion and spinning of cellulose films.
The operation of the flow exchanger is shown in FIG. 1 where the direction of flow is indicated by the arrows. As shown in FIG. 1 the conduit means consists of upstream conduit 1 and downstream conduit 3. Within upstream conduit 1 the flow of viscose consists of two distinct qualities represented by stream A flowing along the periphery and stream B flowing in the center of the conduit. This representation of the flow follows from the laws of fluid mechanics of viscous flow within a conduit and results primarily from the increased friction of the viscose on the conduit walls.
Integrally connected to upstream conduit 1, at the end which is inserted into downstream conduit 3, is tapered pipe 2, which, as shown is in the form of a truncated cone having its truncated end 7 extending into downstream conduit 3 and which forms the flow exchanger of the present invention. As noted earlier, it is not essential to the functioning of the flow exchanger that the shape of the tapered pipe 2 be as shown and his possible, for example, for the tapering to be more gradual,'as with slightly rounded walls. A fluid tight seal between the larger base circumference 8 of the tapered pipe 2 and the downstream conduit 3 is achieved by means of a fluid-tight ring or gasket 4. It is important that the two conduit sections and exchanger are in axial alignment.
Located on the walls of tapered pipe 2 between the base 8 and the truncated end 7 are the essentially equally spaced openings 5 which are rounded and wider at the narrow end of the pipe and gradually taper back in the direction of the larger, upstream end 8. Thus, the openings 5 widen in the direction of the flow of viscose. Each of the openings 5 is bordered by lips 6 bent towards and extending into the pipe.
It can be seen that the peripheral flow which follows the walls is directed toward the center as continuous arrows A indicate, the streams which are perpendicular to openings 5 striking lips 6 which direct them toward the center, whereas the central flow is directed, at least for a considerable fraction indicated by arrows B in broken lines, toward the periphery of downstream conduit 3 through openings 5 of the exchanger.
The shape and taper of the openings in the inclined walls of the flow exchanger and their equally spaced position around the circumference of the pipe are shown in FIG. 2 which is taken looking at the exchanger in the direction opposed to the flow.
When used in a process for spinning cellulose films by extrusion of viscose into an acid coagulation bath through the extrusion slit of a hopper fed by an intake conduit, the flow exchanger is inserted into the intake conduit as described above.
It has been found that by using flows dyed different colors this process makes it possible to obtain films of a continuous skin of coagulated viscose of quality B on the surface of a core made up of a mixture of viscose A and B, the proportion of B present in the core varying depending on the inclination of the cone, the dimension of its small base and further depending on the shape and distribution of the holes made in its wall.
The flow exchanger of the present invention is capable of numerous other applications in addition to forming improved cellulose films, having better homogeneity as well as improved skins and edges. It is also suitable for homogenizing any products or mixture of fluid products, including liquids in a molten or plastic state.
It is possible, for example, to produce mixtures made up of two or more different materials injected successively at different positions in the heart of. the conduit means, when it is desired to obtain more homogeneous characteristics such as composition, color, taste, etc. and the successive use of several exchangers is considered to be included within the scope of the present invention.
The above description is in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention and it is understood that various modifications and equivalents can be used which fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for diverting towards the center of conduit means a first fluid stream initially flowing along the periphery of the conduit means and simultaneously causing a substantial proportion of the flow of a second fluid stream initially flowing in the center of the conduit means to be diverted towards the periphery of the conduit means, comprising a. a downstream conduit section b. an upstream conduit section in fluid tight connection to said downstream conduit section, and
c. fluid flow inverting means axially aligned within said conduit means comprising a truncated conical shaped pipe connected upstream at its larger base circumference to said upstream conduit section, the truncated end of said conical shaped pipe extending into said downstream conduit means, said truncated conical shaped pipe being provided with, on its walls, intermediate said larger circumference base and said truncated end, at least one opening tapered toward the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said at least one openings being bordered by lips bent towards and extending into said conical shaped pipes, thereby providing at least one flow diverting lip within said truncated conical shaped pipe.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are four of said openings equally spaced about the circumference of said truncated conical shaped pipe.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said truncated conical shaped pipe is integrally connected to said upstream conduit section and said upstream conduit section and said downstream conduit section are sealed by means of a fluid tight seal.
4. In combination with apparatus including conduit means feeding a hopper having an extrusion slit for spinning cellulose films from at least two qualities of viscose, flow inverting means for inverting the flow of an old viscose from the periphery of said conduit means to the center thereof and simultaneously inverting a substantial proportion of the flow of a young viscose, flowing in the center of said conduit means, to the periphery thereof; said flow inverting means comprising a tapered pipe axially aligned within said conduit means, and having an open upstream end and an open truncated end, said tapered pipe being connected to said conduit means at its upstream end, the circumference of said tapered pipe gradually decreasing in the direction of flow from said upstream end to said truncated end, said tapered pipe being provided with a plurality of openings intermediate said upstream end and said truncated end, each of said openings being tapered towards the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said openings being surrounded by a lip projecting inwardly into said tapered pipe, whereby the old viscose flowing along the periphery of said conduit means is diverted towards the center and a substantial proportion of the young viscose flowing in the center is diverted towards the periphery.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said conduit means consists of an upstream pipe and a downstream pipe, said upstream pipe being axially connected within said downstream pipe by a fluid tight seal and said tapered pipe being integrally connected to said upstream pipe whereby the truncated end of said tapered pipe extends into said downstream pipe.
6. The apparatus of claim'S wherein there are four of said openings in said tapered pipe, said openings located approximately equally about the circumference of said tapered pipe,
7. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said tapered pipe is in the form of a truncated cone.

Claims (7)

1. Apparatus for diverting towards the center of conduiT means a first fluid stream initially flowing along the periphery of the conduit means and simultaneously causing a substantial proportion of the flow of a second fluid stream initially flowing in the center of the conduit means to be diverted towards the periphery of the conduit means, comprising a. a downstream conduit section b. an upstream conduit section in fluid tight connection to said downstream conduit section, and c. fluid flow inverting means axially aligned within said conduit means comprising a truncated conical shaped pipe connected upstream at its larger base circumference to said upstream conduit section, the truncated end of said conical shaped pipe extending into said downstream conduit means, said truncated conical shaped pipe being provided with, on its walls, intermediate said larger circumference base and said truncated end, at least one opening tapered toward the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said at least one openings being bordered by lips bent towards and extending into said conical shaped pipes, thereby providing at least one flow diverting lip within said truncated conical shaped pipe.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are four of said openings equally spaced about the circumference of said truncated conical shaped pipe.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said truncated conical shaped pipe is integrally connected to said upstream conduit section and said upstream conduit section and said downstream conduit section are sealed by means of a fluid tight seal.
4. In combination with apparatus including conduit means feeding a hopper having an extrusion slit for spinning cellulose films from at least two qualities of viscose, flow inverting means for inverting the flow of an old viscose from the periphery of said conduit means to the center thereof and simultaneously inverting a substantial proportion of the flow of a young viscose, flowing in the center of said conduit means, to the periphery thereof; said flow inverting means comprising a tapered pipe axially aligned within said conduit means, and having an open upstream end and an open truncated end, said tapered pipe being connected to said conduit means at its upstream end, the circumference of said tapered pipe gradually decreasing in the direction of flow from said upstream end to said truncated end, said tapered pipe being provided with a plurality of openings intermediate said upstream end and said truncated end, each of said openings being tapered towards the upstream end and enlarging in the direction of the flow within said conduit means, each of said openings being surrounded by a lip projecting inwardly into said tapered pipe, whereby the old viscose flowing along the periphery of said conduit means is diverted towards the center and a substantial proportion of the young viscose flowing in the center is diverted towards the periphery.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said conduit means consists of an upstream pipe and a downstream pipe, said upstream pipe being axially connected within said downstream pipe by a fluid tight seal and said tapered pipe being integrally connected to said upstream pipe whereby the truncated end of said tapered pipe extends into said downstream pipe.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein there are four of said openings in said tapered pipe, said openings located approximately equally about the circumference of said tapered pipe.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said tapered pipe is in the form of a truncated cone.
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US20030185098A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2003-10-02 Reto Koch Static mixer and method for mixing a main component with an additive
WO2004004875A2 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Tah Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing fluid streaking in a motionless mixer
US20090255242A1 (en) * 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 Woodward Governor Company Low Pressure Drop Mixer for Radial Mixing of Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Flows, Combustor Incorporating Same, and Methods of Mixing
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