US379689A - deprez - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) V 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

M. DEPREZ. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. N0. 379,689. 4 Patented Mar. 20, 1888.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 M. DEPREZ.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 379,689. Patented Mar. 20. 1888.

EI'YJZA r N. PETERS, Phulolithognpher. Washinglnn D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAROEL DEPREZ, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC'MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,689, dated March 20, II 888.

Application filed December 7, 1885. Serial N0.184,8G9. (N0 model.) Patented in France June 2, 1883, No. 157,832; in Belgium June 13, 1883, No. 61,690; in England June 21, 1883, No. 3,074; in Germany November 27, 1883, No. 30,405, and in Italy February 4. 1884, No. 6,546.

To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, MAROEL DEPREZ, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to the construction of dynamo-electric machines, for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, N 0. 157,882, dated June 2, 1883; in Belgium, No. 61,690, dated June 13, .1883; in Great Britain, No. 3,074, dated June 21, 1883; in Germany, No. 30,105, dated November 27, 1883, and in Italy, No. 6,546, dated February 4, 1884. These machines may be used either as generators of electricity or as motors; and the object of my invention is to construct such machines of any desired capacity and to so distribute and arrange the parts of the same as to obtain the maximum effects With the expenditure of the minimum of material.

In dynamo-electric machines heretofore'constructed the magnetic field of force was ordinarily produced by a single electro-magnct arranged with its poles in inductive proximity to the opposite sides of a single armature. The body of the electromagnet was therefore necessarily heavy, and the same could not be magnetically saturated except with the expenditure'ofa great portion ofthe current generated in the armature. The armature, also, was necessarily large in such machines, and the shifting of the magnetic poles Within the same was consequently slow, which resulted in an undue shifting of the line of commutation.

It has always been found difficult to proportion the parts of a dynamo-electric machine with reference to the desired capacity of the same. In other words, there is no simple rule by which the capacity of a dynamo can be predicted, and this difficulty is more particularly encountered in the construction of machines of great sizesuch, for instance, as are required in a system of general distribution or for the transmission of power. The ordinary procedure observed is to measure the parts of a machine, the capacity of which is known, and then to increase these parts in certain proportions, which are determined empirically. The results are ordinarily disappointing, for the new machine never comes up to the expectations. Thus, if a machine feeding, say, one hundred incandescent lights is taken as a type, and if by proportional increase of the fieldmagnet and the armature it is attempted to build a machine for feeding, say, one thousand lights, it invariably happens that the new ma chine falls short of the desired capacity. Some of the reasons for these failures are found in the fact that the observed capacityof a fieldmagnet of a given size furnishes no reliable estimate of the capacity of a field-magnet of twice or three times that size. The same thing is true of the armature, and more especially is this true of the co-operative effect of the field-magnet and its armature. Other difficulties of a purely mechanical nature are met with in the construction of dynamo-machines of great dimensions, such as the handling of great masses of iron and the adjustment of its parts; and it is the object of my invention to overcome these difficulties, which I accomplish in the manner hereinafter more fully described.

The principal features of my invention may be summarized as follows:

First. The field of force is furnished by a series of independent elcctro-magnets placed in inductive relation to two separate armatures mounted upon the same shaft, and the arrangement is such that one pole of each electro-magnet acts upon one armature and the other pole upon the other armature. By this construction each electro-magnet may be comparatively small and may be magnetically saturated with the least expenditure of current, and the armatures being also comparatively small, the magnetic poles in the same willshift with ease.

Second. A dynamo-machine thus constructed may be treated as a unit-machine, and if it is desired to construct machines of two, three, or n times the capacity of thelatter, it is only necessary to couple two, three, or a unit-ma chines for joint operation.

Third. The armaturecores are laminated,

' and are, besides, built up of segmental sections so constructed that they may be put together and taken apart with case. This construction, together with the construction of the field magnets in sections, avoids the handling of large masses of metal, and facilitates the repair of the machine in case of need.

All this will more fully appear from the following detailed description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, andin which Figure 1 represents a sectional front elevation of my improved dynamo-electric machine; Fig. 2, a sectional end elevation of the same. Fig. 3 shows an end elevation of a portion of the armature with the armature-shaft in section; Fig. 1, a sectional view of the same upon line a :0, Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a plan view of a segmental portion of the armature-core. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 represent end and side views, respectively, of the armature-core; Fig. 9, a modified form of the same, partly in section; Figs. 10 and 11, end viewsillustrating the arrangement of the field-magnets in relation to the armature; Fig. 12, a diagrammatic view of the fieldmagnets and armatu res of a unit-machine and the circuitconnections, and Fig. 13 a perspective view of the commutator which I preferably use in my improved machine.

The general arrangement of the parts elearl y appears from Figs. 1 to 5. The base-plate 1 has formed upon it one or more cradles, 2 2, having each a segmental groove, 3, formed on its upper face for the reception of a ring, 4, of magnetic material. In Fig. 1 the base-plate has two such cradles; but according to the capacity of the machine there will be only one cradle or a greater number of the same. The ring a is preferably built up of segmental sections 4:, connected by keys and bolts, as indicated at 5. Each ring 4 carries a number of horseshoe electro-magnets, 6', with their yokes applied to the inner surface of the segments 4, and their legs extending radially toward the center and terminating in pole-piecesN S, the faces of which are slightly curved, so as to con form to the line of a circle concentric with the ring a. I thus obtain for each ringet two circles of pole-pieces parallel to each other, and the arrangement is such that one pole of each magnet forms a part of one circle and the other pole a part of the other circle, and, besides this, one half of the magnets have their north poles side by side in one circle and the other half of the magnets have their south poles diametrically opposite in the same circle, as is clearly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. In the latter figure more especially it will be seen that the north poles of a series of clectro-magnets (in this instance four) are grouped together to constitute a portion of a circle, and that the south poles of a like series of electro magnets are grouped together to constitute the diametrieally-opposite part of the same circle; and by reference to Fig. 1 it will be easily understood that to each compound north pole of one circle corresponds a compound south pole in the other circle. -If these electro-magnets are energized,there will be produced two mag netic fields parallel to each other and of very nearly thesame intensity or strength, for it will be understood that since each element of one field has a corresponding dependent element in the other field, the variation of one will produce a variation in the other. The like polepieces of each lield nay remain separated, as shown in Fig. 2, orthey may be joined together by magnetic keys 7 7, as indicated in Fig. 1-0. These magnetic keys are preferably segmental plates of iron fitting into grooves formed in the pole-picces of the single electromagnets; but, although this is the preferable construction, they may be applied in any other effective manner.

The armature-sliiaft 8, supported in bearings 9 9, passes centrally through the circles formed by the pole-pieces of the lleldniagnets and carries two armatures, 10 10, each in inductive proximity to the pole-pieces of one of the two parallel fields of force, so that when the shaft is rotated each armature, with its corresponding field of force, constitutes a distinct generator. By reason of the dependence of the two parallel fields of force, however, the currents generated in the two armaturcs will depend upon each other, and if the two armatures are constructed alike the currents gen erated in the same will also be equal, both in tension and in quantity. The two parallel dependent magnetic lields of force, together with the two armatures revolving within the same, constitntea unit-dynamo. This unit-machine may be constructed of any desired size and capacity, and ifit is desired to construct a ma chine having the capacity of two, three, or n such units, it is only necessary to provide two, three, or a double fields parallel to each other and to mount the same number of double or twin arniatures upon shaft 8. These unit-machines may be connected in circuit with each other in any well-known manner, either in series or in multiple arc, according to the required tension and quantity of the current; but the two armatures and the field-magnets of a unit-machine are preferably connected in series, as illustrated in Fig. 12. By reference to said figure of drawings it will be seen that there is a commutator, ll, for each armature 10, the coils of which are connected with the coinmutatonplates in the usual manner. One of these commutators 11. has both collecting-brushes 12 12 connected with the coils of the field-magnets, while in the other commutator only one brush is connected with the field-coils, while the other is connected with the external circuit. The arrows marked on the drawings facilitate the tracing of the circuit, which is so simple that specific description of the same is deemed unnecessary.

The armatures are constructed with a lami' nated ring-core, 13, of soft iron, the laminzc LL being segments of the ring which constitutes the core, and are conveniently made of sheet-iron. It is preferable to divide each core in as many segments as there are segments 4' in the field-magnet ring 4, and the laminae are arranged, as shown in Figs. 5 and 8, with one end projecting beyond the ends of the adjacent laminze, so'that a series oftongues and grooves is formed at each end of each core-segment, and the tongues of one segment fitting into the grooves of the adjacent segments, they are easily connected into a compact ring-core, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. flhe laminze are separated from each other by thin layers of non-magnetic material, preferably insulating material-such as paint, paper, or some non magnetic oxideand the heavy black lines between the laminae (shown in Fig. 5) are intended to represent such separating material. Circumferentially,each layer of the core is magnetically continuous,the insulating material being omitted at the ends of the core-segments, so that each core is in effect composed of a series of independent complete magnetic rings. I am not, however, confined to this particular construction, since the laminae of the core may be separated from each other by small blocks of nonmagnetic or insulating material, in which case there will be an airspace between the faces of the laminae. lhis is indicated in Fig. 9, where 15 15 represent separating-blocks, 16 16 the airspaces, and 17 17 askelcton frame about which the parts of the core are built up.

Each segment of the armature-core receives a coil, 18, which is composed, or may be composed,of sections 19,which are connected with the plates of the commutator 11 and with each other in the usual manner. A band or hoop, 20, may be placed over each coil as a protection to the wires of the same; but this feature may be omitted, if desired.

A ring, 21, of wood or other like material, serves as a frame about which the parts of the armature are collected and to which they are secured. The outer diameter of this ring is equal to the inner diameter of the arn'iature, so that the inner faces of the QI'UlMJHIGCOlIS bear upon the outer face of the wooden ring. A series of staples, 22, passing over the armature-core between the coils and to both sides of the wooden ring, are secured to the latter by bolts 23, and the whole thus forms the rim of a wheel, which may be mounted upon the armatnreshaft in any desired manner, but which, in accordance with my invention, is mounted as follows:

A hub, 24, provided with a series of radial projections, 25, is keyed to the armature-shaft in any approved manner, and radial sockets 26, formed in the projections, serve for the reception of spokes 27,which extend to and embrace with their t'orked ends 28 the sides of the wooden ring 21, opposite the spaces upon the core bctiit'cll two adjacent sets of coils, where they are secured to the ring by bolts 29 29, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. A staple,

30, passing over the core and extending to both sides of the wooden ring, may be inter posed between the latter and the forked ends of each spoke, in which case the bolts 29 pass through the staple, the forks of the spoke, and the body of the wooden ring, as shown in Fig. 4. In the sockets 26 the ends of the spokes are also secured by a bolt or otherwise, and it will now be seen that the whole armature built up of a number of similar and interchangeable pieces can be taken apart for repair, and can be mounted again with ease and comfort.

WVhen the armature-cores are made wide, two wooden rings of the character hereinbefore described may be used, one at each end of the armature. It is also practicable to make the rings 21 of metal, in which case, however, it is necessary to insert a piece of insulating material into the same and to insulate the spokes from the ring at the places of attachment, so as to prevent the formation of a closed circuit within the supporting frame of the armature proper.

Other unimportant changes of a purely mechanical character will easily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. So, for instance, the wooden supporting-rings may be recessed at their outer faces, so that the coils of the armature proper may be seated in those recesses.

Any ordinary form of commutator orcom mutators may be used in my improved dynamo; but the construction shown in Fig. 13 is specially adapted for use in connection with the armature l'iereinbefore described. It coir sists, essentially, of two disks, 31 31, ofinsulating material, which disks are composed of sectoral sections 32, and between which the com m utator-plates 33 are placed radially and edgewise, as shown, so that they are separated from each other by an air-space. A washer, 34, is placed upon the outer face of each disk, and the commutatorplates are clamped between the latter by a nut, 35, engaging a screw, 36, formed at the end of the armature-shaft, or upon a separate bolt provided for this purpose. 'lhe disks 31 31 may have radial grooves formed upon their inner faces for the reception of the commntator-plates.

This construction has two important advantages over ordinary conunutators, in that it prevents the deposition of a la er of the metal of the brushes between the commutator-plates, which frequently occurs when the latter are separated from each other by solid insulating material, and often shortcircuits these plates,

and in that it admits of the ready dismounting of the commutator for inspection and repair.

I further improve the construction of the commutator by making it in as many distinct sections as there are compound segments 14 14 of the armature-core and coils 18 upon the same. Each pair of sectors 32 32, therefore, corresponds to a segment of the armature-core, and the number of plates 33 between each pair of sectors corresponds to the number of sectional coils 19 of which each armature-coil is composed. Thus, if the armature is to be taken IIO apart, the coils of each segment of the same remain connected with their corresponding sector of the commutator, and it will easily be understood that great convenience is thereby secured. It will also be understood that it is practicable to cement or otherwise secure the commutator plates embraced between each pair of sectors 32 32 to the latter, so that each sector of the commutator will be an individual whole, separable as such, and this is, in fact, the construction which I employ.

In Fig. 11 I have shown four distinct fieldpoles of alternating polarity surrounding the armature, and it will be understood that if such arrangement is adopted there will be either two commutators for each armature or the connections of the armature-coils will be such as to require only a single armature.

In Fig. 1 only a single armature is shown, for the sake of simplicity of illustration, and for the same reason the circuit-connections have been largely omitted. These connections will, however, be easily understood by reference to Fig. 12 and from the preceding description.

The holders of the commutator-brushes are mounted upon a disk, 37, of insulating material, which is loose upon the armature-shaft. They are provided with any suitable means for adjusting the pressure of the brushes upon the commutator. In the drawings these means are represented conventionally only at 40, since I make no claim to this feature. From each brush a flexible conductor is led to a bindingpost upon the insulating-disk 37, and from these binding-posts the conductors 43 and 44 pass to the external circuit. At one end of disk 37 is formed or attached a cogwvheel, 38, which meshes with a pinion, 39, upon a shaft, 41, mounted in bearings in the standard 9 at this end of the machine, and a crank-wheel,.

42, serves for turning pinion 39, whereby cogwheel 38 and disk 37 are rotated and the brushes shifted, as required.

Having now fully described myinvention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A dynamo-electric machine consisting, essentially, of a pair of rotary armatures mounted upon the same shaft, and a series of horseshoe electro-magnets around the armatures, each having one of its poles in inductive proximity to one armature and the other pole in inductive proximity to the other armature, and magnetic keys connecting the like poles about each armature, substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of two rotary armatures mounted upon the same shaft with a series of horseshoe elcctro-magnets grouped radially about the armatnres, each having one pole in inductive proximity to one armature and the other pole in inductive proximity to the otherarmature, and circuit-connections, as described, whereby the coils of the electromagnets and of the two armatures form a series, substantially as described.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the corn bination of a series of electro-magnets mounted with their yokes upon aring of magnetic ma terial, with their legs extending toward the center of the ring and in planes at right angles to the plane of the same, so as to form two distinct but dependent parallel magnetic fields of force, with two rotary armatures mounted upon the same shaft, one for each field, and circuit-connections, as described, whereby the coils of the field'magnets and of the armatu res are placed in series,substantially as described.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a series of horseshoe eleetro-mag nets, each mounted upon a detachable scg ment of a ring of magnetic material in a plane at right angles to the plane of the ring, and with its legs extending radially therefrom, so as to form two distinct parallel magnetic fields of force, with two connected rotary armatnres, each composed of separable segments corresponding to the segments of the ring, substantially as described.

5. In a dynamo'electric machine the combination ofaseries of electro-maguets mounted upon detachable segments of a ring of mag netic material to form two distinct parallel magnetic fields of force, as described, with a rotary armature for each field, composed of detachable segments corresponding to the seg ments of the field-ring, and a commutator or commutators composed of detachable sectors corresponding to the segments of the armature, and eaehcomprising a number of collecting-plates, substantially as described.

6. A dynamo-electric machine consisting of a series of dynamos, each composed of two armatures, each armature rotating within a distinct magnetic field of force parallel and opposed to but depending upon the field of force of the other, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MAROEL DEPREZ.

W'itnesses:

FRANK GERALDY, ALBERT GAHEN.

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