US3791799A - Extrusion die - Google Patents

Extrusion die Download PDF

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Publication number
US3791799A
US3791799A US00111136A US3791799DA US3791799A US 3791799 A US3791799 A US 3791799A US 00111136 A US00111136 A US 00111136A US 3791799D A US3791799D A US 3791799DA US 3791799 A US3791799 A US 3791799A
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United States
Prior art keywords
zirconia
extrusion die
molybdenum
tungsten
dies
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00111136A
Inventor
F Heitzinger
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Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp
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Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp
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Assigned to SCHWARZKOPF TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD reassignment SCHWARZKOPF TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 05/21/1991 Assignors: SCHWARZKOPF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor

Definitions

  • d1es bemg made of a predominant amount of molyb- 2,949,358 8/1960 Alexander et a1.
  • Extrusion dies for the processing of various metals including non-ferrous metals and alloy steels are wellknown. Conventional dies of this type are made from stellites and high temperature steels. Some dies are also made from such oxide materials as zirconia. However, these materials have been found to be disadvantageous. They are difficult to work and because of their brittleness they develop cracks during operation. Consequently, their useful life is quite short.
  • the dies of this invention contain from 85 to 98 percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten with the remainder being a zirconia phase.
  • the molybdenum or tungsten phase will be in excess from 85 to 95 percent by volume of the composition.
  • the zirconia phase is preferably stabilized by a zirconia stabilizing oxide.
  • zirconia stabilizing oxides include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and oxides of cerium and yttrium. Where employed, the stabilizing oxides are present in an amount of up to about 30 percent by volume of the zirconia phase.
  • the dies of this invention are prepared by conventional powder metallurgical techniques.
  • the powdered materials employed preferably have a particle size of from 0.1 to 30 microns.
  • the powdered materials are mixed together and then compressed to form compacts having approximately the desired final shape.
  • the pressures employed can range from 15,000 to 80,000 p.s.i.
  • the pressed compacts are then sintered in a reducing or inert atmosphere as, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as helium or argon, or the like.
  • the sintering temperature should be from about l,700 to 2,200 C. If desired, pressure can be maintained during sintering, although it is not required.
  • Sintering time will depend upon the size and thickness of the compact but will generally range from about 2 to about 30 hours.
  • the desired final form of the die is obtained by machining to the final shape. More complex shapes can be made by spark erosion.
  • the final die produced in accordance with this invention has along service life and can be successfully used for the extrusion of steel or non-ferrous metals. Furthermore, the nature of the die of this invention generally eliminates the tendcncy of welding of the die to the extruded material. Consequently, it is generally possible, when using the dies of this invention, to dispense with the use oflubricants during extrusion without risking the likelihood of particles of extruded metal sticking to the die.
  • a suitable extrusion die can be manufactured by mixing 94.5 weight per cent of fine molybdenum powder having a particle size of 4 microns, 5.1 percent by weight of powdered zirconia having a particle size of l and 0.4 weight per cent of magnesium oxide (magnesia) having a particle size of 0.1. Thereafter, the mixture is pressed to form a compact by application of pressure using conventional powder metallurgical techniques of 40,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered at 2,000 C. for 8 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. They are thereafter permitted to cool in hydrogen and finally the final desired form of the die is obtained by machining the sintered compacts.
  • An extrusion die for the processing of metallic materials said extrusion die consisting essentially in excess of percent by volume but not more than percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being a zirconia phase.
  • An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
  • An extrusion die as in claim consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to extrusion dies useful for processing both non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, the dies being made of a predominant amount of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being zirconia.

Description

Unite tates Patent Heitzinger 1 1 Feb. 12, 1974 1 1 EXTRUSION DIE 2,798,808 7/1957 lrcdell ct =11 75/206 [75] Inventor: Friedrich Franz Xaver Heitzinger, FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS Lechflschau, Austria 1,242,810 6/1967 Germany [731 Assignee: Schwarzkopf Development OTHER PUBLICATIONS Corporation New York Goetzel, Treatise on Powder Metallurgy, 1950, Vol 11 [22] Filed: Jan. 29, 1971 pp. 685, TN695 60, lntersci'ence Pub. [21] Appl No; 111,136 Harwood, The Metal Molybdenum, ASM, 1958, pp.
25-27, 29 & 30, TN799 M7U55.
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner-Leland A. Sebastian Feb. 2, 1970 Austria 906/70 Assistant ExaminerB Hunt Attorney, Agent, or FirmMorgan, Finnegan, Durham [52] US. Cl 29/l82.5, 72/467, 75/206 & Pi [51] Int. Cl B22f 5/00 [58] Field of Search... 75/206; 29/182.5; 72/467 [57] ABSTRACT [56] Reierences Cited This invention relates to extrusion dies useful for pro UNITED STATES PATENTS cessmg both non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, the
d1es bemg made of a predominant amount of molyb- 2,949,358 8/1960 Alexander et a1. 75/206 denum or tungsten, the remainder being Zirconia 3,271,142 9/1966 Hammond et al. 3,475,159 10/1969 Hansen 75/206 5 Claims, N0 Drawings EXTRUSION DIE Extrusion dies for the processing of various metals including non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, are wellknown. Conventional dies of this type are made from stellites and high temperature steels. Some dies are also made from such oxide materials as zirconia. However, these materials have been found to be disadvantageous. They are difficult to work and because of their brittleness they develop cracks during operation. Consequently, their useful life is quite short.
By means of this invention it is possible to prepare extrusion dies having sufficient ductility and an outstanding resistance to cracking. The dies of this invention contain from 85 to 98 percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten with the remainder being a zirconia phase. Preferably, the molybdenum or tungsten phase will be in excess from 85 to 95 percent by volume of the composition.
Mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten or alloys of molybdenum and tungsten can also be employed in place of molybdenum or tungsten alone.
The zirconia phase is preferably stabilized by a zirconia stabilizing oxide. Such zirconia stabilizing oxides include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and oxides of cerium and yttrium. Where employed, the stabilizing oxides are present in an amount of up to about 30 percent by volume of the zirconia phase.
The dies of this invention are prepared by conventional powder metallurgical techniques. The powdered materials employed preferably have a particle size of from 0.1 to 30 microns. The powdered materials are mixed together and then compressed to form compacts having approximately the desired final shape. The pressures employed can range from 15,000 to 80,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered in a reducing or inert atmosphere as, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as helium or argon, or the like. The sintering temperature should be from about l,700 to 2,200 C. If desired, pressure can be maintained during sintering, although it is not required. Sintering time will depend upon the size and thickness of the compact but will generally range from about 2 to about 30 hours. After sintering and cooling, preferably while the inert or reducing atmosphere is maintained, the desired final form of the die is obtained by machining to the final shape. More complex shapes can be made by spark erosion.
The final die produced in accordance with this invention has along service life and can be successfully used for the extrusion of steel or non-ferrous metals. Furthermore, the nature of the die of this invention generally eliminates the tendcncy of welding of the die to the extruded material. Consequently, it is generally possible, when using the dies of this invention, to dispense with the use oflubricants during extrusion without risking the likelihood of particles of extruded metal sticking to the die.
A suitable extrusion die can be manufactured by mixing 94.5 weight per cent of fine molybdenum powder having a particle size of 4 microns, 5.1 percent by weight of powdered zirconia having a particle size of l and 0.4 weight per cent of magnesium oxide (magnesia) having a particle size of 0.1. Thereafter, the mixture is pressed to form a compact by application of pressure using conventional powder metallurgical techniques of 40,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered at 2,000 C. for 8 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. They are thereafter permitted to cool in hydrogen and finally the final desired form of the die is obtained by machining the sintered compacts.
What is claimed is:
1. An extrusion die for the processing of metallic materials, said extrusion die consisting essentially in excess of percent by volume but not more than percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being a zirconia phase.
2. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the zirconia phase contains zirconia and one or more stabilizers for the zirconia.
3. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the stabilizer for the zirconia phase is selected from among the oxides of calcium, magnesium, cerium and yttrium.
4. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
5. An extrusion die as in claim [consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.

Claims (4)

  1. 2. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the zirconia phase contains zirconia and one or more stabilizers for the zirconia.
  2. 3. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the stabilizer for the zirconia phase is selected from among the oxides of calcium, magnesium, cerium and yttrium.
  3. 4. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
  4. 5. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.
US00111136A 1970-02-02 1971-01-29 Extrusion die Expired - Lifetime US3791799A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90670A AT294529B (en) 1970-02-02 1970-02-02 Extrusion die

Publications (1)

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US3791799A true US3791799A (en) 1974-02-12

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Family Applications (1)

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US00111136A Expired - Lifetime US3791799A (en) 1970-02-02 1971-01-29 Extrusion die

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3791799A (en)
JP (1) JPS5440487B1 (en)
AT (1) AT294529B (en)
BE (1) BE761997A (en)
CH (1) CH552067A (en)
DE (1) DE2064674C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2080429A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1295413A (en)
NL (1) NL172343C (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4571983A (en) * 1985-04-30 1986-02-25 United Technologies Corporation Refractory metal coated metal-working dies
US4769346A (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-09-06 Corning Glass Works Whisker composite ceramics for metal extrusion or the like
US5645944A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-07-08 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. Application of molybdenum alloys
US6090227A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-07-18 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. Structural units for glass melts made from a molybdenum/tungsten alloy
CN103627940A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-12 江西理工大学 Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2582547B1 (en) * 1985-05-31 1988-12-02 Commissariat Energie Atomique DIE FOR HOT SPINNING
JP2651332B2 (en) * 1992-09-21 1997-09-10 松下電工株式会社 Zirconia-based composite ceramic sintered body and method for producing the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2798808A (en) * 1953-02-02 1957-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes
US2949358A (en) * 1957-09-23 1960-08-16 Du Pont Reinforced heat resistant refractorymetal alloys
US3271142A (en) * 1965-02-25 1966-09-06 Joseph P Hammond Method for formulating master alloy compositions for use in dispersion hardened compacts
DE1242810B (en) * 1964-11-20 1967-06-22 Plansee Metallwerk Containers for holding molten metal, in particular molten iron and steel
US3475159A (en) * 1967-01-16 1969-10-28 Dow Chemical Co Method for preparing tungsten powders doped with refractory metal oxides

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2798808A (en) * 1953-02-02 1957-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes
US2949358A (en) * 1957-09-23 1960-08-16 Du Pont Reinforced heat resistant refractorymetal alloys
DE1242810B (en) * 1964-11-20 1967-06-22 Plansee Metallwerk Containers for holding molten metal, in particular molten iron and steel
US3271142A (en) * 1965-02-25 1966-09-06 Joseph P Hammond Method for formulating master alloy compositions for use in dispersion hardened compacts
US3475159A (en) * 1967-01-16 1969-10-28 Dow Chemical Co Method for preparing tungsten powders doped with refractory metal oxides

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Goetzel, Treatise on Powder Metallurgy, 1950, Vol II pp. 685, TN695 60, Interscience Pub. *
Harwood, The Metal Molybdenum, ASM, 1958, pp. 25 27, 29 & 30, TN799 M7U55. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4571983A (en) * 1985-04-30 1986-02-25 United Technologies Corporation Refractory metal coated metal-working dies
US4769346A (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-09-06 Corning Glass Works Whisker composite ceramics for metal extrusion or the like
US5645944A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-07-08 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. Application of molybdenum alloys
US6090227A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-07-18 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. Structural units for glass melts made from a molybdenum/tungsten alloy
CN103627940A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-12 江西理工大学 Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die
CN103627940B (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-06-10 江西理工大学 Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2080429A5 (en) 1971-11-12
CH552067A (en) 1974-07-31
BE761997A (en) 1971-07-01
DE2064674C3 (en) 1974-01-17
JPS5440487B1 (en) 1979-12-04
GB1295413A (en) 1972-11-08
NL7100332A (en) 1971-08-04
DE2064674A1 (en) 1972-02-03
AT294529B (en) 1971-11-25
DE2064674B2 (en) 1973-06-20
NL172343C (en) 1983-08-16
NL172343B (en) 1983-03-16

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Owner name: SCHWARZKOPF TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF M

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZKOPF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD;REEL/FRAME:005931/0448

Effective date: 19910517