US376732A - craft - Google Patents

Description

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J. B. CRAFT. APPARATUS FORIIOE MAKING AND REFRIGERATINGQ N0. 376;732.

Patented Jan, 24, 18-88..

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A 4 I J. B. CRAFT. APPARATUS FOR ICE MAKING AND 'REFRIGERATING.

Patented Jan. 24, 1888.

N PETERS. Pnmmm he, Washington. ac.

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J. B. CRAFT;

APPARATUS FOR ICE MAKING-AND REFRI GERATI' N G; No. 376,732. Patented Jan. 24, 1888.

W'LV/W/WO/ I v I f movwboz) FM 88W I zen of the United States, residing in New York NITED TATES,

JAMEsB. CRAFT, or NEW YORK, N. Y.'

APPARATUS FOR ICE. MAKINGAND REFRIGERATINFG.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,732, dated January 24, 1888.

Application filed March 2, 1886. Serial No. 193,763. (No model.)

To aZZ 1071,0112. it mag concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES B. CRAFT, a citicit-y, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Ice Making and Refrigerating; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. The invention has for its object to improve the devices and mechanism at present employed in ice and refrigerating machines that operate upon the absorption principle; and it consists of the improved mechanisms hereinafter described and claimed.

Heretofore great difficulty has arisen in the practical operation of absorption ice-machines.

from what is known as the boiling over of the liquid contents 'of the distilling-retorts,-

and especially so in machines in which the hot distilled gas on its passage from the distilling-retorts is used to heat the incoming cold strong water that supplies the distillingretorts. Various devices have been heretofore used for conducting and receiving the' heated gas from the distilling-retorts; but in all of them there has been a progressivelyforward movement of the gas from the distilling-ret0rts over to the condensing apparatus without efficient checks to prevent-boiling over, and where'the distilled gas has on its upward passage from the distillingvretorts been employed to'heat the incoming strong water, stand-pipes have been used to effect that end, in which the distilled gas is brought into actual contact with the water in various ways-such, for instance, as are shown in Letters Pa tent No; 318,971, issued June 2, 1885, to O. H. Evans, and in Letters Patent No. 316, 824, issued April 28, 1885, to T. B. Rankin. The improved methods and apparatus herein described prevent the accident of boiling over and other incidental evils, by performing the operation of heating the incoming strong water by means of the outgoing hot distilled gas, and thereby accomplishing also the rectification of the distilled gas, all without actual physical contact of the cold water and hot gas; and the'improved methods and apparatus herein described further prevent boiling over commonly cylindrical.

lets back to the distilling-retorts, all 'as here- 6 inafter described and claimed.

' In the accompanying drawings, which rep resent my invention in its preferred form,

Figure '1 is afront view of. my machine. Fig.

2 is a side view of the same. Fig. 3 is a' sectional view of my improved condenser. Fig.

4 is a sectional view of the rectifier. Fig. 5

is a sectional view of the redistiller'. Fig. 6 is a sectional side view of the gas-receiver; and

Fig. 7 is an end view'ofthe same. y 73 Similar letters referto similar parts inthe different drawings. I .1

A represents the retorts ordistilling vessels,

eight in'number', arranged as shown. These retorts are made of iron, or of any suitable 7 3 material, and of any shape or 'size, but more i The arrangementot' a, these retorts is preferably'such as to make the complete still in the angular form of aletter A. These retorts may be supported'upon 8o an iron frame or upon masonry. Theretorts are provided with steam-box coils b b, placed inside of the same. (See Figs. 1 and'2.) The strong water or aqua ammonia, which is pumped up by the pump S through the pipe 8 i c and coils 9, Figs. 1- and 4:,pours through the trap plpe 0 intothe bottom of retort A.

That retort has an inch above its center an,

outlet-pipe, a, which enters retort A an inch below'its center. The latter has a similar gc overflow-connection with retort'A and thatwith A, and so on, in-series, to A The out-.

let in each instance is placed one inch above the center line, and the inlet one inch below the center line; of the retort, the backflow of gas'being thus prevented. The retortsthus overflow in series, each one remaining about half-full so long as sufficient strong water-is kept supplied to the firstone, which can'be regulated by the pump S and the'valve s rco Each retort has two .or more gas-outlet pipes,

c 0, extending upward from the highest points of the retorts and opening into theupper part of the gas-receiver 0. This gas-receiver is an oblong hollow casting flat on top and slanting at the bottom from ends to center. In this gas receiver is a diaphragm, f, placed, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, opposite the-openings c c of the gas-inlet pipes c 0, so that the gas entering by the pipes c c is thrown or directed downward toward the bottom of the gas-receiver, and any water, carried up with it is thrown down to" the bott g pfthe-receiver.

c is the outlet-pipe for this water,'being the trap-pipe leading to the bottom of the retort A, and loosely surrounding and inclosing, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 6, the strongwvatersupply pipe 9 which discharges into the trap part of said pipe 0 at g, as shown.

0 is the gas-outlet pipe, being at the top of the gasreceiver, and, with the lower neck or sleeve, 9, of the rectifier, it conducts the gas up into the rectifier G. The rectifier G is placed above the gas-receiver. Inside this rectifier the strong-water-supply pipe 0 is wound into aclose tight coil, g, of hour-glass shape, which is provided with a diaphragm, g, that prevents the passage of the gas directly upward through the hollow core of the hourglass coil and forces it to pass between the pipes of the coil outward'below and inward again above the diaphragm. The strong-water-supply pipe 0 g is preferably bent upward to form a trap, g, at the bottom of the recti- The cold strong water and the hot wet gas are thus caused, respectively, to heat and cool each other, the gas being thereby rectified. The water condensed from the gas finds its outlet through 9 and 0 into 0, and thence through a into the bottom of retort A. The rectified gas passes through pipe h to the coudensing-coil h H is a cylindrical vessel closed at both ends and divided into three concentric apartments that are water-tight. I11 the inner compartment,h, is placed the condensing-coil h. In the middle compartment, k is placed the absorbing-coil Z In the outer compartment, h, is placed the weak-water coil h". These compartments are kept filled with running water which enters the inner compartment at h passes into the middle compartment at it, into the outer compartment at h, andlout at h. The liquid gas condensed in the condenser h runs into the liquid gasjar I, which has the usual water-gage to show the amount of liquid gas contained in it, and discharges through the pipe k in the usual way into the freezing-tank K, having the usual coils, k, where the gas is expanded and the cold produced. The pipe It has the usual valve. The spent gas is returnedthrough the pipe 2* to the absorber L, which consists of the coil Z immersed in water.

The gas entering these coils meets in the usual.

vessel H and opens into the pipe Z", as shown, where that pipe enters the vessel H, and the absorbing-coil 1 begins. The absorption of the gas by the weak water and the cooling makes strong water which passes by pipe m into-the bottom of the strong-water receiver M, which has the usual water-gage. The receiver M is kept supplied with suflicient water to keep the end of the pipe m submerged in the same. The strong water in the receiver is allowed to flow into pump S, which throws it back into the still through pipe 0, hour-gla s coil 9, and pipe gidischarging intothe bottom of the trap at g, as heretofore explained.

J is the redistiller'. It is shown in detail in Fig. 5. Retort A overflows into it through pipej, which has valve j. Pipe j discharges into J through four perforated arms, j, set at right angles. The domej has two openings, j and j. The base j has chambers j and which are provided, as shown, with vertical tubes j and 7' Steam is admitted into the chamberj, thence,passing up vertical tubes j, down vertical tubes j into chamber j", and out at j The weakened water that overflows into J from A is superheated just at its surface by the peculiar arrangement of steam-pipes shown, and its overflow through 9' is of absolutely weak water. The distillation in this redistiller, consisting very largely of steam and but little of ammoniacal gas, is not conducted into the gas receiver 0, but is discharged.

through pipe j into one of the distilling-retorts A, underneath the surface of the water in the same, as shown in A. This pipej has valve The redistiller insures the perfection of the distilling operation and discharges thoroughly-weakened water through pipej into the top of the weak-water jar O. This weak-water jar has the usual water-gage. Its discharge-pipe 0 has its opening under the surface of the weak water in the jar O, and has the usual valve. The pressure throughout the distillers and redistillcr drives the weak Water up the pipe 0 as fast as the valve allows.

Theoperation of my improved device is as follows: The aqua-ammonia is heated in the distilling-retorts. The gas passes up into the gas-receiver and is thrown down toward the bottom of the same by the diaphragm f before it can pass up into the rectifier. This prevents any boiling over of the still into the condenser and separates from the gas any water that may have been carried up with it, and discharges such water back into the bottom of the distilling-retorts. The hot gas passing into the rectifier is there brought into thermal contact with the descending supply of cold strong water without coming into actual physical contact with the same, the gas giving up its heat to the water and thereby being itself rectified and dried, the water of condensation being discharged downward into the distilling-retorts. The rectified gas is then condensed, stored, and utilized, as usual, and the spent gas reabsorbed by the weak water, and the oper ation repeated. The redistiller perfects thedistillation and produces uniformly-weak water for purposes of more certain and reliable absorption.

' The specific forms of apparatus shown may be varied in many ways without departing from the spiritand substance of my invention.

1 do not broadly claim simultaneously heat-- ing the incoming liquid contents of a heated moniacal salts.

What I claim as new, and desire to secur V by Letters Patent, is-

. 1. -In an ice or refrigerating machine, a rectifyingvessel having an hour-glass coil of piping for the cold aqua-.ammoniaanda'central diaphragm in such coil, a gas-inlet and water-outlet vent at the center of the bottom and'a gas-outlet vent at the center of the top, whereby the gas to be rectified is cooled and freed from water-vapor and the aquaammonia is heated, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. I y 2. In combination with the distilling devices of an ice or refrigerating machine, a gas receiving or conducting'device having a downwardly-conducting portion,-with a water outlet or vent at the bottomof such downwardlyconducting portion, and a rectifying device having within it a coil or passage-way for the cold aqua-ammonia, anda water outlet or vent tilling and the rectifying devices and connected therewith, as shown, whereby thejdistilled' gas is freed from water and from water-vapor,

at its lowest point, the gas receiving or con-- ducting device being arranged between the dis- 3. In combination with the distilling-retort of an ice or refrigerating machine and its gasdischarge pipe orpipes, a gas-receiver, and a return water-pipe connecting the lower part of thegas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling-retort, whereby any water'in the gasreceiver is returned to the distilling-retortf while the water-trap formed in said return water-pipe prevents thebackflow'of gas from 1 the gas-receiver into'thc distilling-retort, substantially as and for the purposes setforth;

4. In combination with the distilling-retort of an ice or refrigerating machine and its gasdischarge pipe orpipes, a gas-receiver, a return water-pipe connecting the lower part of.5 I

the gas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling retort and forming a water-trap thereby, and an aqua-ammonia-sup'ply pipe discharging in such trap, substantially as and for the purposesfset forth. Q p 5. In combination with the distilling-retort of an iceor refrigerating machine and its gasdischarge pipe or pipes, a gas-receiver, a return water-pipe connecting the lower part of the gas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling-retort and forming a water-trap thereby, a rectifier having a water "outlet or vent at its lowest point and having within it acoil or separate passage-way for the cold aqua-ammonia,'and, continuing such coil or 7o" passage-Way, a supply-pipe discharging inithe water-trap of the return water-pipe between the gas-receiver and the distilling-retort, sub stantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

JAS. B. oRAFT.

Witnesses: I

ROBERT N. Kenyon, W. KENYoN,

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