US3763525A - Steam jet crimping method and apparatus - Google Patents

Steam jet crimping method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3763525A
US3763525A US00203616A US3763525DA US3763525A US 3763525 A US3763525 A US 3763525A US 00203616 A US00203616 A US 00203616A US 3763525D A US3763525D A US 3763525DA US 3763525 A US3763525 A US 3763525A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
texturizing
fluid
zone
steam
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00203616A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Macknight
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Allied Corp
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Allied Chemical Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
    • D02G1/122—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes introducing the filaments in the stuffer box by means of a fluid jet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and process for texturing yarn, more specifically, improved rearwardly exhausting steam jet crimping process and apparatus.
  • This invention is an improvement of the apparatus and process disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,409,956 to Longbottom and Huggins, pertinent portions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • High speed operation, above 3,000 feet per minute, of the prior art rearward-exhaust steam jet for crimping often resulted in jet inoperability because of problems labeled blow out and burn out.
  • Blow out is characterized by formation of an extremely unstable plug of crimped yarn in the stuffing tube, so the plug of crimped yarn eventually blows out of the stuffing tube and crimping no longer occurs. Bum out manifests itself in the form of melted yarn which partially or totally blocks the jet.
  • the prior art rearward-exhausting jet described in the Longbottom and Huggins patent was improved by replacing the fluid'exit plate with a screen having a myriad of small apertures and having an effective open area of at least 35 percent and by improving the steam exhaust flow by adding a conduit under vacuum to assist flow of the exhaust steam.
  • the apertures in the screen shoulder preferably have a diameter of less than 0.01 inch, and the screen should have an effective area of at least 35 percent, preferably at least 45 percent.
  • the preferred screen used in this invention is a collimated hole structure available from Brunswick. This screen is uniquely suited for the separation of steam from yarn, having about 5,000 small apertures of 0.005 inch diameter and an effective 50 percent open area.
  • any heated fluid may be used to crimp the yarn.
  • the steam temperature should be between about 220 and 350C. but preferably below about 300C.
  • the steam pressure should be between about 50 and 110 psig, preferably between about 75 and about 95 psig.
  • the vacuum on the steam exhaust conduit should be between about 560 and 750 mm of Hg.
  • FIG. 1 shows across section along the length of the preferred rearwardly-exhausting steam jet crimping apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of the jet taken along line 2--2 in FIG. 1 and shows the screenstructure of collimated holes.
  • heated fluid such as steam enters through fluid inlet 1 (or steam nozzle).
  • This steam nozzle or fluid inlet 1 is held in position by set screw 2 in nozzle housing 3.
  • Nozzle housing 3 is an integral piece also containing transverse passage 4 for yarn entrance and passage 9 (or energy tube) which imparts heat and energy to the yarn so that it may be compacted against a plug of previously crimped yarn in texturizing chamber 7 also called a stuffer tube.
  • Pre-heat tube 10 is an extension and continuation of energy tube 9.
  • Steam line,not shown, is connected to male connector 8.
  • Example I gives a head-to-head comparison of the prior art rearward-exhausting steam jet crimper with the improved steam jet crimper having a collimated hole structure rather than the fluid exit plate and using vacuum to assist the exhaust of steam as it exhausts rearwardly across the pre-heat tube.
  • Both jet crimpers operated at a speed of 5,000 feet per minute with yarn having a draw ratio of 3.11 imparted in a two-stage draw, the first draw roll having a temperature of 50 and the second draw roll temperature of 180.
  • the temperature on the heat set rolls during crimp pull-out was 165C.
  • the steam exhaust was assisted with a conduit under 740 mm Hg absolute pressure, in the test labeled This invention. Following are the conditions and results using 1,125 denier yarn with the two jets.
  • CEAB stands for crimp elongation after boil and is expressed as the difference in length over the original length expressed as a percent. This test is an effective measure of the degree of crimp attained in the jet.
  • the CEAB test is as follows: The length of yarn is boiled for 30 minutes in water, then placed in an oven at C. for 10 minutes and removed and allowed to stabilize for 2 hours at 70F. at 65 percent relative humidity. Then the original length is determined by hanging the yarn with a weight equal to 0.002 gram'per denier and marking it.
  • Crimps per inch CPI are measured by counting and recording every turning point of the filament along a given length, two turning points equaling l crimp.
  • Example II is another comparison of the jet of this invention with the prior art jet, but using 2,250 denier yarn. Conditions and results were as follows:
  • Example 1 it can be seen from Example 1 that by means of the apparatus and process of this invention, the amount of crimping is surprisingly increased from 15.4 to 29.9 percent (nearly double) CEAB using steam that has 6 pounds less pressure and is 9 cooler, as compared to the prior art test. Also, the number of crimps increased from 9.6 to 12.1 crimps per inch. Thus, the improved apparatus and method give surprisingly significantly improved texturing results in addition to preventing filament blow back. Similar significantly improved surprising results can be seen from the data in Example 11.
  • a process for texturizing yarn which comprises contacting yarn with a current of heated fluid in a preheat zone to heat the yarn, directing the heated yarn under the action of the fluid against a yarn plug contained in a texturizing zone, said texturizing zone having a larger cross-sectional area than the crosssectional area of said pre-heat zone and disposed with relation to said pre-heat zone such as to form an annulus between the inner periphery of said texturizing zone and the outer periphery of said pre-heat zone, maintaining said texturizing zone under reduced pressure with respect to the pressure in said pre-heat zone, continuously exhausting said fluid through a plurality of passageways in said annulus in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of yarn travel through said texturizing zone, causing the heated fluid to escape from the texturizing zone through said passageways whereby a major portion of the pre-heat zone is surrounded with said exhausted fluid, and continuously discharging said texturized yarn from said texturizing zone at a lower linear rate than the feed
  • an apparatus for texturizing yarn which comprises an injector having an internally disposed passage for yarn, fluid inlet means for supplying a heated fluid under pressure through said injector passage a texturizing chamber concentrically disposed at one end of said injector passage and being adapted to contain a compacted yarn mass, said texturizing chamber having a larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of said injector such as to form an annulus between the outer periphery of said injector and the inner periphery of said texturizing chamber and fluid exit means positioned at said annulus adapted to discharge fluid from said texturizing zone in a direction substantially opposite to yarn path travel, the improvement comprising a screen positioned in said fluid exit means, said screen having myriad small apertures and an effective open area of at least 35%, and means to exhaust said fluid under vacuum.
  • Apparatus of claim 8 wherein said screen has an effective area of at least 45 percent.
  • Apparatus of claim 9 wherein said screen is a collimated holes structure.
  • Apparatus of claim 7 wherein said fluid inlet means has an internal diameter of from about 0.045 to about 0.080 inch, said injector passage for yarn has an internal diameter of from about 0.080 to about 0.140 inch, and a length of from about 3.5 to about 5.5 inches, and said texturizing chamber has a diameter from about 0.400 to about 0.625 inch and a length of from about 4.0 to about 9.0 inches.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US00203616A 1971-12-01 1971-12-01 Steam jet crimping method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3763525A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20361671A 1971-12-01 1971-12-01

Publications (1)

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US3763525A true US3763525A (en) 1973-10-09

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US00203616A Expired - Lifetime US3763525A (en) 1971-12-01 1971-12-01 Steam jet crimping method and apparatus

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3763525A (de)
BE (1) BE792154A (de)
CH (3) CH559786A (de)
DE (1) DE2258342A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2164255A5 (de)
IT (1) IT982368B (de)
NL (1) NL7216274A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874044A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-04-01 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for simultaneous crimping and commingling of yarns
US3874045A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-04-01 Allied Chem Simultaneously crimping and commingling yarns
US3879821A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-04-29 Textured Yarn Co Strand treatment apparatus
US3896529A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-07-29 Textured Yarn Co Strand treatment apparatus
US3955253A (en) * 1973-10-11 1976-05-11 Textured Yarn Co. Strand treatment apparatus
US3978560A (en) * 1973-10-11 1976-09-07 Techniservice Corporation Strand treatment apparatus
US4051580A (en) * 1974-12-31 1977-10-04 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Method and apparatus for stuffing yarns

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409956A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-11-12 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for texturizing yarn
US3440701A (en) * 1967-03-27 1969-04-29 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409956A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-11-12 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for texturizing yarn
US3440701A (en) * 1967-03-27 1969-04-29 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3879821A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-04-29 Textured Yarn Co Strand treatment apparatus
US3896529A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-07-29 Textured Yarn Co Strand treatment apparatus
US3955253A (en) * 1973-10-11 1976-05-11 Textured Yarn Co. Strand treatment apparatus
US3978560A (en) * 1973-10-11 1976-09-07 Techniservice Corporation Strand treatment apparatus
US3874044A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-04-01 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for simultaneous crimping and commingling of yarns
US3874045A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-04-01 Allied Chem Simultaneously crimping and commingling yarns
US4051580A (en) * 1974-12-31 1977-10-04 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Method and apparatus for stuffing yarns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH559786B5 (de)
CH559786A (de) 1975-03-14
DE2258342A1 (de) 1973-06-14
BE792154A (fr) 1973-05-30
NL7216274A (de) 1973-06-05
CH561305A5 (de) 1975-04-30
IT982368B (it) 1974-10-21
FR2164255A5 (de) 1973-07-27
CH1741172A4 (de) 1974-10-15

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