US3757636A - Bolt accelerator for recoil operated gun - Google Patents

Bolt accelerator for recoil operated gun Download PDF

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Publication number
US3757636A
US3757636A US00245508A US3757636DA US3757636A US 3757636 A US3757636 A US 3757636A US 00245508 A US00245508 A US 00245508A US 3757636D A US3757636D A US 3757636DA US 3757636 A US3757636 A US 3757636A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spring
barrel
bolt
gun
accelerator
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00245508A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Chiabrandy
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78—Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/82—Coil spring buffers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A15/00—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun
    • F41A15/12—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/10—Spring-operated systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/10—Spring-operated systems
    • F41A25/12—Spring-operated systems using coil springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/08—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated having an accelerator lever acting on the breech-block or bolt during the opening movement

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [52] 11.8. C1.
  • 89/169 A single barrel gun has a short recoil system of opera- [51] Int. Cl. F4111 5/02 tion and a bolt accelerator which includes the barrel [58] Field of Search 89/169, 162, 177, drive spring and barrel buffer spring as a part of its 0p- 89/178 erating mechanism.
  • Recoil operated, single barrel guns utilizing the Browning short recoil system of operation, are well known, and are described in some detail in The Machine Gun Vol. IV, by G.M. Chinn, 1955, published for the Department of the Navy by the U.S. G.P.O.
  • Most of these guns utilize a rigid mechanical device to accelerate the bolt from the barrel during recoil movement. When fired on a relatively stiff mount, these guns develop a relatively high instantaneous recoil force.
  • Another object is to provide a gun of this type having an operating cycle which is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in ammunition performance.
  • a feature of this invention is a gun having a short recoil system of operation and a bolt accelerator which includes the barrel drive spring and the barrel buffer spring as a part of its operating mechanism.
  • FIG. I is a side view in longitudinal cross-section of the essential structure of a gun embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an aft end view of the gun of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view in cross-section taken along plane 3-3 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a view in cross-section taken along plane 4-4 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view in cross-section taken along plane 5-5 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in cross-section rotated 90, taken along plane 6-6 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a detail top view of the feed drive cam plate of the gun of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the accelerator of the gun of FIG. 1, at the instant of firing.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the accelerator of FIG. 2, during recoil.
  • the gun shown in FIG. 1 utilizes the barrel extension 10, in lieu of the receiver 12, as the structural housing in which most of the other components of the gun operate.
  • the barrel extension supports the barrel extension buffer package 20 housed within the receiver 12 which functions as a gun cradle.
  • the barrel extension supports the feeder 16 and the feeder drive 18 in all directions, except the longitudinal, wherein support is provided by a rearward extension of the receiver.
  • the barrel extension contains the bolt and sear buffer package 22, actuates the accelerator lever 24, and provides a barrel support 26, tracks 28 for the bolt package and locking surfaces 30 for the bolt.
  • the bolt body 54 is driven by the bolt carrier 48 and is cammed into a locked position by a stud 66 riding in a cam (not shown) in the bolt body.
  • the forward motion of the bolt carrier 48, after it has locked the bolt body, is enough to proyide dwell travel during the recoil stroke. (This dwell is required to allow for chamber pressure decay.)
  • the last gun function in the counterrecoil stroke is the firing pin release.
  • the firing pin 70 strikes the primer and fires the round. This starts the recoil cycle of the barrel 64 and barrel extension 10.
  • the accelerator lever 24 is pivoted on the barrel extension by a pivot stud 72, and, at the instant of firing, rests against a stop lug 74 located on the barrel extension.
  • the accelerator rotator-buffer spring guide 76 restrains the upper end of the accelerator. This restraint is a spring-loaded restraint because the accelerator rotator-buffer spring guide is attached to the buffer package 20. This action causes the accelerator lever to rotate clockwise about the pivot stud 72.
  • a roller 78 on the lower end of the accelerator lever pushes against the front surface 80 of the bolt carrier 48 and accelerates the bolt carrier aft.
  • the stud 66 on the bolt carrier cams the bolt body 54 to the unlocked position. The bolt carrier continues to be accelerated aft by the accelerator after unlock until the barrel support 26 strikes the spring guide 76.
  • the barrel extension continues aft until it is halted by the buffer package while the bolt body is carried aft by the bolt carrier.
  • the extractor 82 pivotally mounted and spring loaded in the bolt body, extracts the fired case 60 from the chamber 62 and carries it aft until the ejector 84 strikes the case and drives it laterally from the gun.
  • the ejector 843 is spring loaded, pivoted lever, and is actuated by a cam surface 86 on the bolt carrier. The aft end of the lever is struck by the recoiling bolt carrier cam surface 86 to pivot the lever so that its front end strikes the fired case and ejects it from the gun.
  • the bolt body continues to recoil aft until it hits the bolt buffer plate 83 of the preloaded bolt bufier spring package 22.
  • the buffer stops the bolt and reverses its direction.
  • the solenoid 32 is de-energized.
  • the sear release 34 moves to the left and releases the sear 38.
  • the sear snaps into the notch 46 of the bolt body and halts its forward motion.
  • the sear 38 is mounted on a sear buffer plate 90 that transmits the sear load to the rear of the bolt buffer spring 92, thereby limiting the load on the sear 38.
  • the feeder 16 is driven by a feed drive cam plate 94 attached to the barrel extension and having two cam tracks 96 and 98.
  • the cam plate recoils and counterrecoils with the barrel extension.
  • the cam motion, during both recoil and counter-recoil, is transmitted via two cam followers 100 and 102 journalled to two levers 104 and 106 that alternately drive via spring loaded plungers 108 and 110 a drive wheel 112 in a clockwise direction.
  • the drive wheel 112 is attached to a shaft 114 that rotates the feeder sprocket 116.
  • the belt of ammunition is pulled through the feeder 16 by the sprocket 1 16.
  • Outer guides for the ammunition are provided by the feeder housing 118.
  • spring-loaded depressors 120 hold the round downward in the rammer slot 122 of the feeder tray portion of the feeder housing 118.
  • Feeder Drive The feed drive cam plate 94 is attached to the barrel extension and recoils and counter-rcoils with the extension.
  • Lever 106 is mounted on the drive shaft.
  • Cam follower 102 is positioned in cam 98.
  • Lever 104 is mounted on the drive shaft.
  • Cam follower 100 is positioned in cam 96.
  • lever 104 is swung clockwise by cam 96.
  • Lever 104s plunger 108 is engaged with surface 126 on the drive wheel. As the lever swings, it rotates the drive wheel 112 clockwise. This action completes the first half of the feeder action.
  • lever 106 is rotated counter-clockwise by cam 98.
  • Lever 106 plunger 110 snaps behind surface 128 on the drive wheel.
  • lever 106 rotates clockwise as directed by cam 98. This action drives the drive wheel clockwise, thereby completing the feeding motion.
  • cam 96 swings counter-clockwise.
  • Plunger 108 snaps behind surface 115. This positions lever 106 for the next cycle.
  • FIGS. 1 and 4 The rotating lock type, bolt assembly of the gun is shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • Four locking lugs 124 are provided on the generally cylindrical bolt body 54.
  • the rammer 58 and extractor 82 are located forward of the lugs and are designed to fit within the outside dimensions of the lugs. This permits the extractor and rammer to enter the barrel extension through the same spaces as are provided for the locking lugs.
  • the rammer is spring-loaded, so that it can be depressed as it enters the barrel extension.
  • the locking and unlocking action is provided by the stud 66 of the bolt carrier 52 which travels in a cam on the bolt body 54.
  • This cam includes a straight portion at the front of the cam, allowing initial bolt carrier travel that does not effect the locks. This provides time for chamber pressure decay before unlocking.
  • the stud leaves the straight portion and enters the aft helical portion of the cam, it rotates the bolt body and unlocks the bolt, after which the bolt carrier 48 pulls the bolt body rearward.
  • the locking lugs are held in respective tracks 126 in the barrel extension thereby precluding rotation of the bolt body.
  • the stud bearing on the cam tries to rotate the head during the entire counter-recoil stroke.
  • the lugs 124 reach the forward ends of the tracks in the barrel extension, the bolt body is free to rotate and the lugs pass in front of the locking surfaces 30 to lock the bolt in the battery position.
  • sear 38 pulls forwardly on the sear buffer plate and the sear buffer plate compresses the buffer spring. This action buffs the bolt to a stop.
  • the solenoid is energized. This actuates the sear release.
  • the sear release pivots the sear out of engagement with the bolt body, allowing the bolt to go forward into battery and to strip and fire the next round.
  • the spring-biased accelerator mechanism is shown schematically in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the barrel (barrel extension) 10 of the recoil operated automatic cannon is mounted to slide along the barrel axis in the gun receiver 12.
  • the barrel 10 is pushed forward by a single acting barrel recoil spring 130 and the double acting barrel buffer spring 14, the two springs being connected in series by a buffer guide 132 which slides concentrically with the barrel bore axis.
  • the accelerator lever 24 is pivoted at 72 to the barrel l0 and the roller 78 on its lower end can bear on the bolt assembly drive surface 80.
  • the upper end of the accelerator lever 24 is connected to the buffer spring guide 132 by a pin 134 and slot 136 linkage which accommodates the change in center distance between the pin 134 and the accelerator pivot 72 as the accelerator lever rotates on its pivot 72 with the barrel.
  • Rotation of the accelerator 24 is limited in the clockwise direction by the abutment between the surface 138 of the buffer spring guide 132 and the surface 140 of the barrel. In the counterclockwise direction, rotation of the accelerator is limited by abutment between the lower end of the accelerator lever 24 and the stop lug 74 on the barrel.
  • FIG. 8 the mechanism is shown in the position which exists at the instant of firing. All parts of the mechanism are at rest, or nearly at rest.
  • the barrel 10 is held forward by the barrel recoil spring 130 holding the lower end of the accelerator lever 24 against the stop lug 74 of the barrel.
  • the buffer spring guide 132 is positioned in the receiver 12 by the double acting barrel bufier spring 14.
  • a gap G exists between the bolt assembly drive surface 80 and the accelerator lever roller 78.
  • the accelerator lever Upon firing, the bolt assembly 52, and the barrel l0 begin recoiling together, and the accelerator lever starts to rotate clockwise about its pivot 72 on the barrel, the accelerator being restrained at its upper end by the link 134/136 and the buffer spring guide 132. After a time delay, which is determined by the size of the gap G, the accelerator strikes the bolt assembly drive surface 80, thereby imposing upon the bolt 52 an accelerating force which is determined primarily by the preload of the barrel buffer spring 14 and the proportions of the accelerator lever, the force developed by the barrel recoil spring 130 being lower than that of the buffer spring 14.
  • the barrel recoil spring 130 and the buffer spring 14 are both compressed, and the resulting force applied to the bolt assembly 52 causes it to accelerate away from the barrel as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the acceleration continues until the surface 140 of the barrel abuts the surface 138 of the buffer spring guide 130, after which the bolt continues aft independently of the barrel.
  • Continuing action of the buffer spring 14 brings the barrel 10 to a stop, reverses its direction, and returns all components of the mechanism except the bolt 52 to the battery position, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the bolt driving spring 50 then returns the bolt assembly 52 to battery position to initiate another cycle of the mechanism.
  • the spring-biased accelerator mechanism has been described as applied to a short recoil automatic gun in which the barrel is free to return to battery before the return of the bolt assembly.
  • a barrel hold back feature it can be provided by any of several means, without interfering with the objectives of this invention.
  • Such means would preferably retain the barrel with respect to the buffer spring guide in such position that surfaces 138 and 140 remain in close proximity to each other, and such that the hold back feature is buffered with respect to the gun receiver or cradle by means of the barrel buffer spring.
  • the barrel recoil spring described as operating in series with the barrel buffer spring, could operate in parallel, that is, between the barrel and the receiver.
  • the link 134/136 may be replaced by any of several connecting means which will provide the relative connection between the accelerator and the buffer spring guide.
  • the bolt drive spring could operate between the bolt assembly and receiver, rather than between the bolt assembly and barrel extension.
  • the pivot of the accelerator could be placed on the spring guide and a link similar to link 134/136 used to connect the accelerator to the barrel.
  • barrel as used includes all parts which are fixed to the barrel, such as barrel extension, etc.
  • the functions of the stops for the springs may be replaced in any manner which provides proper limits for the motion of the accelerator.
  • the delay provided by the gap G can be obtained, for some types of bolt assemblies, by a similar functional gap elsewhere in the bolt assembly.
  • An at least partly self acting gun which comprises, in combination:
  • a barrel disposed for recoil and counter-recoil movement in said receiver; a bolt means disposed for recoil and counter-recoil movement in said receiver for chambering and locking a round of ammunition; and a bolt accelerator means including crank means pivotally mounted to said barrel for rotation in a first direction, and in a second direction opposite to said first direction,
  • first spring means coupled to and between said receiver and said crank means
  • crank means fixed to said barrel and engagable with said crank means for limiting the extent of rotation of said crank means in said fust direction
  • third spring means coupled to and between said barrel and said bolt means for biasing said bolt means towards and adjacent said crank means
  • said crank means includes an accelerator arm having a first end, a second end, and a mediate pivot to and carried by said barrel, and
  • said first spring is a compression spring captured between said receiver and said spring guide
  • said second spring is a compression spring captured between said spring guide and said barrel;
  • the force developed by said first spring being greater than the force developed by said second spring.
  • a gun according to claim 5 wherein when said gun is in its battery position said accelerator arm is disposed with said second end at its maximum rotation in said first direction;
  • said medial pivot of said arm is carried aft by said barrel, while said spring guide is biased forward by said first spring while compressing said second spring, thereby swinging said second end of said arm in said second direction.
  • said bolt means includes a surface for receiving an impact from said second end of said arm, which, when said gun is in its battery position, is adjacent to but spaced from said second end of said arm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
US00245508A 1972-04-19 1972-04-19 Bolt accelerator for recoil operated gun Expired - Lifetime US3757636A (en)

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US24550872A 1972-04-19 1972-04-19

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JP (1) JPS4921000A (de)
DE (1) DE2319372A1 (de)
IT (1) IT982725B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011790A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-03-15 General Electric Company Recoil converter for self powered gun
WO1980002068A1 (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-02 Ares Inc Double action,pneumatic bolt and sear buffer for automatic cannon
WO1981001328A1 (en) * 1979-10-30 1981-05-14 Ares Inc Two stage shell feeding apparatus with shell feeding path control
EP0198881A1 (de) * 1984-10-05 1986-10-29 Charles E Rostocil Schwere waffe zur feuerunterstützung.
WO1989004450A1 (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-18 Barrett Ronnie G Self-unlocking device for recoiling bolt carrier and barrel in a semi-automatic rifle
US20160258703A1 (en) * 2014-03-16 2016-09-08 Yefim Kereth Omni-directional recoil energy absorption mechanism
US10082351B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2018-09-25 Michael Lytinas Propellant-based projectile weapons comprising recoil inversion assemblies
US20190033021A1 (en) * 2016-06-08 2019-01-31 Michael Lytinas Recoil apparatus for firearms
US10330407B2 (en) * 2015-10-16 2019-06-25 Tokyo Marui Co, Ltd. Bolt stop buffer device in gun
US11209229B2 (en) * 2019-10-07 2021-12-28 Roberto Perez Firearm and linear-to-rotary converter assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106178302B (zh) * 2016-06-30 2019-08-27 乐清市足资初生物科技有限公司 高空救生装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US642018A (en) * 1898-07-25 1900-01-23 Ernst Ternstroem Automatic machine-gun.
US830511A (en) * 1905-08-24 1906-09-11 Krupp Ag Grusonwerk Automatic gun.
US1746471A (en) * 1926-06-04 1930-02-11 Pheinische Metallwaaren Und Ma Automatic firearm
US1985493A (en) * 1930-12-23 1934-12-25 Danuvia Ipari Es Kereskedelmi Automatic or self-loading gun
US3512449A (en) * 1965-09-29 1970-05-19 Stoner Eugene Accelerator for the bolt carrier of an automatic gun

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US642018A (en) * 1898-07-25 1900-01-23 Ernst Ternstroem Automatic machine-gun.
US830511A (en) * 1905-08-24 1906-09-11 Krupp Ag Grusonwerk Automatic gun.
US1746471A (en) * 1926-06-04 1930-02-11 Pheinische Metallwaaren Und Ma Automatic firearm
US1985493A (en) * 1930-12-23 1934-12-25 Danuvia Ipari Es Kereskedelmi Automatic or self-loading gun
US3512449A (en) * 1965-09-29 1970-05-19 Stoner Eugene Accelerator for the bolt carrier of an automatic gun

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011790A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-03-15 General Electric Company Recoil converter for self powered gun
WO1980002068A1 (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-02 Ares Inc Double action,pneumatic bolt and sear buffer for automatic cannon
US4282796A (en) * 1979-03-27 1981-08-11 Ares, Inc. Double acting, pneumatic bolt and sear buffer for automatic cannon
WO1981001328A1 (en) * 1979-10-30 1981-05-14 Ares Inc Two stage shell feeding apparatus with shell feeding path control
US4348938A (en) * 1979-10-30 1982-09-14 Ares, Inc. Two stage shell feeding apparatus with shell feeding path control
EP0198881A1 (de) * 1984-10-05 1986-10-29 Charles E Rostocil Schwere waffe zur feuerunterstützung.
EP0198881A4 (de) * 1984-10-05 1988-05-16 Charles E Rostocil Schwere waffe zur feuerunterstützung.
US5155292A (en) * 1984-10-05 1992-10-13 Greyden International Heavy support weapon
US4867040A (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-09-19 Barrett Ronnie G Self-unlocking device for recoiling bolt carrier and barrel in a semi-automatic rifle
WO1989004450A1 (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-18 Barrett Ronnie G Self-unlocking device for recoiling bolt carrier and barrel in a semi-automatic rifle
US20160258703A1 (en) * 2014-03-16 2016-09-08 Yefim Kereth Omni-directional recoil energy absorption mechanism
US9587900B2 (en) * 2014-03-16 2017-03-07 Yefim Kereth Omni-directional recoil energy absorption mechanism
US10330407B2 (en) * 2015-10-16 2019-06-25 Tokyo Marui Co, Ltd. Bolt stop buffer device in gun
US10082351B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2018-09-25 Michael Lytinas Propellant-based projectile weapons comprising recoil inversion assemblies
US20190033021A1 (en) * 2016-06-08 2019-01-31 Michael Lytinas Recoil apparatus for firearms
US10436531B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2019-10-08 Michael Lytinas Recoil apparatus for firearms
US11209229B2 (en) * 2019-10-07 2021-12-28 Roberto Perez Firearm and linear-to-rotary converter assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT982725B (it) 1974-10-21
JPS4921000A (de) 1974-02-23
DE2319372A1 (de) 1973-12-06

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