US3725056A - Aluminum bronze alloy having improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures - Google Patents

Aluminum bronze alloy having improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures Download PDF

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US3725056A
US3725056A US00119001A US3725056DA US3725056A US 3725056 A US3725056 A US 3725056A US 00119001 A US00119001 A US 00119001A US 3725056D A US3725056D A US 3725056DA US 3725056 A US3725056 A US 3725056A
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alloy
elevated temperatures
zirconium
aluminum bronze
aluminum
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US00119001A
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Q Ingerson
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Ampco Pittsburgh Corp
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Ampco Pittsburgh Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the alloy comprises from 5 to 8% by weight of aluminum, from 1.6 to 2.9% by weight of iron, from 0.005 to 0.69% by weight of tin, silver or mixtures thereof, from 0.02 to 0.14% vanadium, from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of zirconium and the balance copper.
  • vanadium and zirconium cooperate to provide improved ductility as well as strength at elevated temperatures.
  • This invention relates to an alpha phase aluminum bronze alloy having high resistance to intergranular oxide tion as well as improved hot ductility.
  • U.S. Pats. 2,829,969, 2,829,968 and 2,829,971 relate to an alpha phase aluminum bronze containing the addition of tin, silver or mixtures of tin and silver, Which act to prevent intergranular oxidation when the alloy is subjected to stress in a hot water or steam atmosphere.
  • intergranular oxidation refers to the spontaneous cracking of an alloy when exposed to a corrosive media and to residual or applied stress.
  • zirconium can improve the hot ductility and workability of certain copper base alloys as described in the British Pat. 1,144,344 in that the zirconium concentrates at the grain boundaries in the form of relatively large diameter zirconium atoms.
  • the invention is based on the discovery that the hot ductility of alpha base aluminum bronze alloys containing the addition of tin, silver, or the combination of tin and silver, can be further improved by the addition of small amounts of vanadium and zirconium.
  • the vanadium and zirconium cooperate to reduce the grain size and this acts to increase the ductility and prevent surface cracking during hot working, as well as increasing the strength at elevated temperatures.
  • the alloy has the following general composition range in weight percent:
  • the iron is employed in the above composition as a grain stabilizer and also acts to increase the strength of the alloy particularly at higher temperatures.
  • the iron is employed in a ratio of about 1:3 with respect to the aluminum and this ratio provides the alloy With the most desirable grain refining characteristics and mechanical properties.
  • the tin and/or silver acts to increase the resistance of the alloy to intergranular oxidation, particularly when the alloy is subjected to stress in hot Water or steam atmosphere.
  • This resistance to oxidation is believed to be brought about by the low heat of formation of the oxides of tin and silver, and thus the grain boundaries of the aluminum bronze alloy containing tin and/ or silver show unusual resistance to intergranular attack when stressed in steam or hot water media.
  • zirconium serves to improve the hot ductility of the alloy at elevated temperatures and particularly in the range of about 800 F. to 1400 F.
  • the vanadium serves to reduce the grain size of the alloy and substantially improves the hot working characteristics of the alloy.
  • the vanadium cooperates with the zirconium to improve the ductility of the alloy at elevated temperatures and to increase the capability of the alloy to withstand cracking when subjected to rolling or other working in the temperature range of 800 to 1400 F.
  • Age hardening elements such as silicon, beryllium, and the like, should be avoided in the alloy composition.
  • Nickel if used alone in aluminum-iron-copper alloys, will not age harden, but if combined with silicon, for example, the combination will age harden when the alloy is heated during welding or forming to form nickel silicides which are brittle and tend to precipitate at the grain boundaries. Therefore, age hardening constituents should be avoided in the present alloy.
  • the alloy is preferably formed by initially preparing a pre-alloy of copper, aluminum and iron. This pre-alloy is then alloyed with additional copper, tin and/or silver, vanadium and zirconium and cast. The resulting alloy can be readily fabricated into the form of rods, sheets, plate, tube, etc., or can be used as a weld deposit.
  • the alloy has improved mechanical properties, particularly ductility, at elevated temperatures.
  • the alloy has a percent elongation above 15% throughout the entire temperature range up to 1600 F. and has a tensile strength above 20,000 psi. at temperatures up to 1100 F.
  • both the ductility and tensile strength of the alloy are substantially improved over similar alloy compositions, but without the addition of vanadium or zirconium, particularly in the temperature range of about 600 to 1600 F.
  • An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially by weight of 5.0% to 8.0% aluminum; 1.6% to 2.9% iron; an element selected from the group consisting of 0.005% to 0.69% tin, 0.005% to 0.69% silver, and mixtures thereof; 0.05% to 0.50% zirconium; 0.02% to 0.14% vanadium; and the balance copper, said alloy characterized by having a refined grain size and improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
  • the aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1 wherein said alloy has a percent elongation above 15% throughout the entire temperature range up to 1600 F. and has a tensile strength above 20,000 psi. at temperatures up to 1100 F.
  • the aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1 wherein said alloy consists essentially by weight of 6.00% to 6.75% aluminum, 2.00% to 2.40% iron, 0.10% to 0.25% zirconium, 0.05% to 0.12% vanadium, 0.01%; to 0.36% of an element selected from the group consisting of tin, silver and mixtures thereof, and the balance copper, said alloy characterized by having a refined grain size and improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.

Abstract

AN ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY HAVING HIGH RESISTANCE TO INTERGRANULAR OXIDATION AND IMPROVED DUCTILITY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. THE ALLOY COMPRISES FROM 5 TO 8% BY WEIGHT OF ALUMINUM, FROM 1.6 TO 2.9% BY WEIGHT OF IRON, FROM 0.005 TO 0.69% BY WEIGHT OF TIN, SILVER OR MIXTURES THEREOF, FROM 0.02 TO 0.14% VANADIUM, FROM 0.05 TO 0.5% BY WEIGHT OF ZIRCONIUM AND THE BALANCE COPPER. IN THE ALLOY COMPOSITION THE VANADIUM AND ZIRCONIUM COOPERATE TO PROVIDE IMPROVED DUCTILITY AS WELL AS STRENGTH AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.

Description

United States Patent O 3,725,056 ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY HAVING IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Quentin F. Ingerson, Wauwatosa, Wis., assignor to Ampco-Pittsburgh Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. N Drawing. Filed Feb. 25, 1971, Ser. No. 119,001 Int. Cl. C22c 9/00 US. Cl. 75154 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An aluminum bronze alloy having high resistance to intergranular oxidation and improved ductility at elevated temperatures. The alloy comprises from 5 to 8% by weight of aluminum, from 1.6 to 2.9% by weight of iron, from 0.005 to 0.69% by weight of tin, silver or mixtures thereof, from 0.02 to 0.14% vanadium, from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of zirconium and the balance copper. In the alloy composition the vanadium and zirconium cooperate to provide improved ductility as well as strength at elevated temperatures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an alpha phase aluminum bronze alloy having high resistance to intergranular oxide tion as well as improved hot ductility.
U.S. Pats. 2,829,969, 2,829,968 and 2,829,971 relate to an alpha phase aluminum bronze containing the addition of tin, silver or mixtures of tin and silver, Which act to prevent intergranular oxidation when the alloy is subjected to stress in a hot water or steam atmosphere. The term intergranular oxidation refers to the spontaneous cracking of an alloy when exposed to a corrosive media and to residual or applied stress.
While an aluminum bronze alloy as described in the aforementioned United States patents has good workability at normal temperatures, it has been found that at high temperatures the alloy has a tendency to be hot short due to a substantial decrease in ductility at a temperature range of about 900 to 1400 F. This decrease in ductility in this temperature range can produce cracking during working along the grain boundaries. As a result, alloys of this type are limited to the amount of working they can undergo at elevated temperatures.
It is also known that the addition of zirconium can improve the hot ductility and workability of certain copper base alloys as described in the British Pat. 1,144,344, in that the zirconium concentrates at the grain boundaries in the form of relatively large diameter zirconium atoms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on the discovery that the hot ductility of alpha base aluminum bronze alloys containing the addition of tin, silver, or the combination of tin and silver, can be further improved by the addition of small amounts of vanadium and zirconium. The vanadium and zirconium cooperate to reduce the grain size and this acts to increase the ductility and prevent surface cracking during hot working, as well as increasing the strength at elevated temperatures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT According to the invention, the alloy has the following general composition range in weight percent:
Percent Aluminum 5.0 to 8.0 Iron 1.6 to 2.9 Tin or silver or mixture thereof 0.005 to 0.69
3,725,056 Patented Apr. 3, 1973 Percent Zirconium 0.05 to 0.50 Vanadium 0.02 to 0.14 Copper Balance The preferred compositional range of the alloy is as follows in weight percent:
Specific illustrations of alloys falling within the above ranges are as follows in weight percent:
Aluminum- 6.78 6.51 6.80 6.65
. l6 12 0. 11 Zirconium 0. 18 0. 13 Copper 90. 40 53 89.95 90. 64
The iron is employed in the above composition as a grain stabilizer and also acts to increase the strength of the alloy particularly at higher temperatures. In most cases the iron is employed in a ratio of about 1:3 with respect to the aluminum and this ratio provides the alloy With the most desirable grain refining characteristics and mechanical properties.
The tin and/or silver acts to increase the resistance of the alloy to intergranular oxidation, particularly when the alloy is subjected to stress in hot Water or steam atmosphere. This resistance to oxidation is believed to be brought about by the low heat of formation of the oxides of tin and silver, and thus the grain boundaries of the aluminum bronze alloy containing tin and/ or silver show unusual resistance to intergranular attack when stressed in steam or hot water media.
The addition of zirconium serves to improve the hot ductility of the alloy at elevated temperatures and particularly in the range of about 800 F. to 1400 F.
The vanadium serves to reduce the grain size of the alloy and substantially improves the hot working characteristics of the alloy. The vanadium cooperates with the zirconium to improve the ductility of the alloy at elevated temperatures and to increase the capability of the alloy to withstand cracking when subjected to rolling or other working in the temperature range of 800 to 1400 F.
Age hardening elements, such as silicon, beryllium, and the like, should be avoided in the alloy composition. Nickel, if used alone in aluminum-iron-copper alloys, will not age harden, but if combined with silicon, for example, the combination will age harden when the alloy is heated during welding or forming to form nickel silicides which are brittle and tend to precipitate at the grain boundaries. Therefore, age hardening constituents should be avoided in the present alloy.
The alloy is preferably formed by initially preparing a pre-alloy of copper, aluminum and iron. This pre-alloy is then alloyed with additional copper, tin and/or silver, vanadium and zirconium and cast. The resulting alloy can be readily fabricated into the form of rods, sheets, plate, tube, etc., or can be used as a weld deposit.
The alloy has improved mechanical properties, particularly ductility, at elevated temperatures. For example, the alloy has a percent elongation above 15% throughout the entire temperature range up to 1600 F. and has a tensile strength above 20,000 psi. at temperatures up to 1100 F. Thus, both the ductility and tensile strength of the alloy are substantially improved over similar alloy compositions, but without the addition of vanadium or zirconium, particularly in the temperature range of about 600 to 1600 F.
Various modes of carrying out the invention are contemplated as being Within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is the invention:
I claim:
1. An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially by weight of 5.0% to 8.0% aluminum; 1.6% to 2.9% iron; an element selected from the group consisting of 0.005% to 0.69% tin, 0.005% to 0.69% silver, and mixtures thereof; 0.05% to 0.50% zirconium; 0.02% to 0.14% vanadium; and the balance copper, said alloy characterized by having a refined grain size and improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
2. The aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1, wherein said alloy has a percent elongation above 15% throughout the entire temperature range up to 1600 F. and has a tensile strength above 20,000 psi. at temperatures up to 1100 F.
3. The aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1, wherein said alloy consists essentially by weight of 6.00% to 6.75% aluminum, 2.00% to 2.40% iron, 0.10% to 0.25% zirconium, 0.05% to 0.12% vanadium, 0.01%; to 0.36% of an element selected from the group consisting of tin, silver and mixtures thereof, and the balance copper, said alloy characterized by having a refined grain size and improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
4. The aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum is present in a ratio of about 3 to 1 with respect to the iron.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,829,969 4/1958 Klement 75-162 X 3,330,653 7/1967 Paces et al. 75153 3,253,911 5/1966 Cairns 75161 X 2,059,560 11/1936 Corson 75154 2,136,918 11/1938 Hensel et a1. 75154 2,829,968 4/1958 Klement 75162 X CHARLES N. LOVELL, Primary Examiner US. 01. X.R. 7s 1s3, 162
US00119001A 1971-02-25 1971-02-25 Aluminum bronze alloy having improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures Expired - Lifetime US3725056A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905810A (en) * 1973-09-06 1975-09-16 Ashton Ltd N C Article formed of an aluminium bronze
US4589938A (en) * 1984-07-16 1986-05-20 Revere Copper And Brass Incorporated Single phase copper-nickel-aluminum-alloys
US20030053514A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-20 Manasek Richard J. System and method for steel making
US20040194940A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-10-07 Manasek Richard J. Heat exchanger system used in steel making
US20070047477A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Meshnetworks, Inc. Extensible authentication protocol over local area network (EAPOL) proxy in a wireless network for node to node authentication
US20070291814A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Fluke Corporation Insert and/or calibrator block formed of aluminum-bronze alloy, temperature calibration device using same, and methods of use
US20080296006A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Amerifab, Inc. Adjustable heat exchange apparatus and method of use
US20190024980A1 (en) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Amerifab, Inc. Duct system with integrated working platforms
US10871328B2 (en) 2017-01-30 2020-12-22 Amerifab, Inc. Top loading roof for electric arc, metallurgical or refining furnaces and system thereof

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905810A (en) * 1973-09-06 1975-09-16 Ashton Ltd N C Article formed of an aluminium bronze
US4589938A (en) * 1984-07-16 1986-05-20 Revere Copper And Brass Incorporated Single phase copper-nickel-aluminum-alloys
US7582253B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2009-09-01 Amerifab, Inc. Heat exchanger system used in steel making
US20040194940A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-10-07 Manasek Richard J. Heat exchanger system used in steel making
US6890479B2 (en) * 2001-09-19 2005-05-10 Amerifab, Inc. System and method for steel making
US20080035320A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2008-02-14 Amerifab, Inc. Heat exchanger system used in steel making
US20030053514A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-20 Manasek Richard J. System and method for steel making
US8202476B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2012-06-19 Amerifab, Inc. Heat exchanger system used in steel making
US20070047477A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Meshnetworks, Inc. Extensible authentication protocol over local area network (EAPOL) proxy in a wireless network for node to node authentication
US20070291814A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Fluke Corporation Insert and/or calibrator block formed of aluminum-bronze alloy, temperature calibration device using same, and methods of use
US20080296006A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Amerifab, Inc. Adjustable heat exchange apparatus and method of use
US10760854B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2020-09-01 Amerifab, Inc. Adjustable heat exchange apparatus and method of use
US10871328B2 (en) 2017-01-30 2020-12-22 Amerifab, Inc. Top loading roof for electric arc, metallurgical or refining furnaces and system thereof
US20190024980A1 (en) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Amerifab, Inc. Duct system with integrated working platforms

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Owner name: SANWA BUSINESS CREDIT CORPORATION, ILLINOIS

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AMPCO MANUFACTURING ACQUISITION, INC. (TO BE CHANGED TO);AMPCO METAL MANUFACTURING INC.;REEL/FRAME:005150/0377

Effective date: 19890206