US3717455A - Stainless ferrite-austenitic steel - Google Patents
Stainless ferrite-austenitic steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3717455A US3717455A US00011777A US3717455DA US3717455A US 3717455 A US3717455 A US 3717455A US 00011777 A US00011777 A US 00011777A US 3717455D A US3717455D A US 3717455DA US 3717455 A US3717455 A US 3717455A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- titanium
- quotient
- total
- austenitic steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 42
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YTPZWYPLOCEZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nb]#[Nb] Chemical compound [Nb]#[Nb] YTPZWYPLOCEZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#N CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stainless fern'ticaustenitic steel.
- Applicants US. patent application 823,744 describes the manufacture of a stainless ferritic-austenitic steel which is highly resistant to intercrystalline corrosion, the special characteristic features of the process being the addition of niobium (columbium) to a stainless ferritic austenitic steel in such quantities that the quotient Nb /C amounts to at least 8, Nb being the total niobium content minus the amount of niobium used to bind the nitrogen present in the steel to niobium nitride and C is the total carbon content of the steel.
- the process of the present invention is mainly characterized in that the niobium addition taught by patent application Ser. No. 823,744 is replaced by a titanium addition, this change being efiected in a manner whereby the quotient Ti C amounts to at least 4, wherewith Ti is the total titanium content minus the amount of titanium consumed in binding the nitrogen found in the steel to titanium nitride.
- titanium has a much greater affinity to oxygen than has niobium, it cannot be ignored that a certain amount of titanium will be consumed in forming titanium dioxide.
- the aforementioned total quantity of titanium thus represents the titanium content after subtraction of the amount of titanium consumed in forming titanium dioxide.
- compositions of the sample alloys are shown in Table 1.
- Tlrest has in this instance been calculated as the total Ti content oi the steel minus the amount of titanium needed to bind the nitrogen tound in the steel to titanium nitride.
- the actual Tina/C ratio is smaller, since TiOl occurs in alloys 3, 4 and 5.
- the present invention relates to the discovery that the niobium addition taught by US. patent application Ser. No. 823,744 can be replaced by an addition of titanium.
- weight Weight weight 1 A stainless ferritic-austenitic steel having a high Steel loss Type 0! ss Type loss Type of resistance to intercrystalline corrosion, consisting essen- No. (percent) attack (percent) attack (percent) attack tiany of:
- steel 1 which corre- Nickel sponds to steel manufactured in accordance with SIS Molybdenum 2324 and to which no niobium or titanium was added, was the victim of strong intercrystalline corrosion after titanium in such an amount that the fraction Ti /C only five minutes, which resulted in a considerable loss is atleast 4 and not greater than 20, Ti being defined in Weight Steels 3 and Of which Steels 3 and 4 have as total titanium less the sum of the titanium required relatively low additions of titanium, Show after a y for the binding of the nitrogen present in the steel and tune of fiv hours y high 105565 111 Weight Caused by the titanium used in forming any titanium oxide, and C intercrystalline corrosion.
- the amount of titanium added to steel 5 was larger, which means that a quotient Ti /C was obtained which was considerably higher than that referring to the total carbon content of the steel, with the balance iron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
A PROCESS OF PRODUCING A STAINLESS FERRITIC-AUSTENITIC STEEL HAVING HIGH RESISTANCE TO INTERCRYSTALLINE CORROSION IS DISCLOSED. THE PROCESS COMPRISES ADDING TO THE STEEL TITAINUM IN SUCH AN AMOUNT THAT THE QUOTIENT TIREST/C IS AT LEAST 4. TIREST IS THE TOTAL TITANIUM PRESENT MINUS THE QUANTITIES CONSUMED TO FORM TITANIUM NITRIDE, TITANIUM OXIDE OR OTHER TITANIUM COMPOUNDS. C IS THE TOTAL CARBON CONTENT OF THE STEEL.
Description
United States Patent 3,717,455 STAINLESS FERRITE-AUSTENITIC STEEL Nils Erik Allan Hede, Lars Ivar Hellner, and Hans Elof Johansson, Karlskoga, Sweden, assignors to Aktiebolaget Bofors, Bofors, Sweden No Drawing. Filed Feb. 16, 1970, Ser. No. 11,777 Claims priority, application Sweden, Feb. 18, 1969, 2,228/69 Int. Cl. C22c 39/20 US. Cl. 75-128 N 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process of producing a stainless ferritic-austenitic steel having high resistance to intercrystalline corrosion is disclosed. The process comprises adding to the steel titanium in such an amount that the quotient Ti C is at least 4. Ti is the total titanium present minus the quantities consumed to form titanium nitride, titanium oxide or other titanium compounds. C is the total carbon content of the steel.
The present invention relates to a stainless fern'ticaustenitic steel.
Applicants US. patent application 823,744 describes the manufacture of a stainless ferritic-austenitic steel which is highly resistant to intercrystalline corrosion, the special characteristic features of the process being the addition of niobium (columbium) to a stainless ferritic austenitic steel in such quantities that the quotient Nb /C amounts to at least 8, Nb being the total niobium content minus the amount of niobium used to bind the nitrogen present in the steel to niobium nitride and C is the total carbon content of the steel.
The above patent application also discloses a number of stainless ferritic-austenitic steels of specific compositions which can be used to advantage when practicing said process to which the reader is referred for more detailed information on the methods used in testing the resistance of the steel to intercrystalline corrosion and the other factors regarding the steels known from the said patent,
A steel having the following composition has previously been disclosed:
and the remainder iron.
With regard to the rule given in the following for the content of niobium and titanium, it should be noted that, when using conventional metallurgical processes, a steel of the type quoted will present a nitrogen content of about 0.04-0.06% This means that the given percentage of nitrogen will be consumed to a very high degree in binding this nitrogen to titanium nitride, and that the amount of residual titanium present in the known steel will be insufiicient to eliminate the intercrystalline corrosion in the following process.
The process of the present invention is mainly characterized in that the niobium addition taught by patent application Ser. No. 823,744 is replaced by a titanium addition, this change being efiected in a manner whereby the quotient Ti C amounts to at least 4, wherewith Ti is the total titanium content minus the amount of titanium consumed in binding the nitrogen found in the steel to titanium nitride.
It should be particularly noted that, since titanium has a much greater affinity to oxygen than has niobium, it cannot be ignored that a certain amount of titanium will be consumed in forming titanium dioxide. The aforementioned total quantity of titanium thus represents the titanium content after subtraction of the amount of titanium consumed in forming titanium dioxide.
Similarly to the manner described in patent application Ser. No. 823,744 a number of alloys have been tested, to show the conditions when niobium is replaced by titanium.
The compositions of the sample alloys are shown in Table 1.
TABLE L-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TESTED STEELS Percentual content 0!- NOTE. Tlrest has in this instance been calculated as the total Ti content oi the steel minus the amount of titanium needed to bind the nitrogen tound in the steel to titanium nitride. The actual Tina/C ratio is smaller, since TiOl occurs in alloys 3, 4 and 5.
for instance the values of mechanical strength of the steels and the influence of other alloying substances included therein.
The present invention relates to the discovery that the niobium addition taught by US. patent application Ser. No. 823,744 can be replaced by an addition of titanium.
The alloys disclosed in Table 1 under 1, 2 and 6 have previously been tested and the result recounted in US. patent application Ser. No. 823,744.
The alloys listed in Table 1 were then tested for their ability to resist corrosion, by subjecting them to boiling 3% sodium chloride solution saturated with silver chloride for 24 hours, after first heat treating the steel samples manner described for steel with additions of niobium. The in accordance with Table 2. results of these tests are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3.MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Ultimate Yield tensile Elonga- Contrac- Impact Austenltic oint, strength tion (5 tion, toughness content, Steel number kp. mm? kpJmmJ percent percent K", kpm. percent 57 72 27 e3 0 25 47 70 34 71 20 45 52 e5 27 e0 14 4e 65 a1 70 13 40 07 69 2e 67 12 17 5s 0s 23 50 0 24 The results of the test are shown in Table 2. It is evident that steel 5, which is more favourable from TABLE 2 CORROSION DATA FOR THE ALLOYS TESTED the point of view of corrosion and which has a higher {The tests were conducted in boiling 3% NaCl solution saturated with 5 rest quotient, Presents Properties of Strength which AgGlforMhrS-l will correspond with corresponding values of the Nb- Heat treatment condition alloyed steel SIS 2324 designated 6, and with regard to impact toughness even higher values. 75 o. 1h.-eo0 o 5 75 o. lh.600 o. 5 975 o. 1h.8(l0 0., 9 mihs. g hr, 'am. What 1s claimed 1s:
weight Weight weight 1. A stainless ferritic-austenitic steel having a high Steel loss Type 0! ss Type loss Type of resistance to intercrystalline corrosion, consisting essen- No. (percent) attack (percent) attack (percent) attack tiany of:
g i 5 5 PH Percent 12 1 1111111111: 25 Carbon 0.02-0.08
P Silicon, maximum of 0.5
112 I 11 I Manganese, maximum of 1.0
NOrE.P =spot attack; I=Intercrystalline attack.
As can be seen from Table 1, steel 1, which corre- Nickel sponds to steel manufactured in accordance with SIS Molybdenum 2324 and to which no niobium or titanium was added, was the victim of strong intercrystalline corrosion after titanium in such an amount that the fraction Ti /C only five minutes, which resulted in a considerable loss is atleast 4 and not greater than 20, Ti being defined in Weight Steels 3 and Of which Steels 3 and 4 have as total titanium less the sum of the titanium required relatively low additions of titanium, Show after a y for the binding of the nitrogen present in the steel and tune of fiv hours y high 105565 111 Weight Caused by the titanium used in forming any titanium oxide, and C intercrystalline corrosion. The amount of titanium added to steel 5 was larger, which means that a quotient Ti /C was obtained which was considerably higher than that referring to the total carbon content of the steel, with the balance iron.
of the steels 3 and 4 where the uncorrected quotient 40 References Cited Ti /C was 3.9 and 3.2 respectively. Steel 5 is given an UNITED STATES PATENTS uncorrected value of 20 for the Tr /C quotient but it should be particularly noted that the values of Ti /C 3,414 11/1954 Dunn 75 128 T given in Table 2 are uncorrected values and therefore 2,758,025 8/1956 Clarke T much higher than the important actual values of Ti /C 3337331 8/1967 Lfimberg 75 128 T for the individual steels 3, 4 and 5. Steel 5 with the higher 2,083,524 6/1937 Pays 75128 T content of titanium showed no intercrystallinc corrosion 3563729 2/1971 'Kovach 75 128 W and was only subject to spot corrosion. Special tests 3,574,002 4/1971 Haydean 75-128 have shown that an actual quotient of Ti /0:4 or above when corrected for oxidation to titanium dioxide HYLAND BIZOT Pnmary Emmet results in a steel which is not subject to intercrystalline corrosion after being disposed to the heat treatments disclosed in Table 2 and which is only liable to very 75128 T, 128 W moderate spot attack.
Tests have also been made to establish the strength properties of the steels, the tests being conducted in the
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE222869 | 1969-02-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3717455A true US3717455A (en) | 1973-02-20 |
Family
ID=20259584
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00011777A Expired - Lifetime US3717455A (en) | 1969-02-18 | 1970-02-16 | Stainless ferrite-austenitic steel |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3717455A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE746157A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA937427A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2007101A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2035548A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1258723A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7002076A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3937646A (en) * | 1973-11-29 | 1976-02-10 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Evaporation apparatus of special material |
| US4060389A (en) * | 1975-01-10 | 1977-11-29 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for use in the ammonia soda process or the ammonium chloride soda process |
| US4127428A (en) * | 1975-08-02 | 1978-11-28 | Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd. | Stainless cast alloy steel for use at low temperatures |
| US5196073A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-03-23 | Avesta Aktiebolag | Stainless steel |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4158606A (en) | 1977-01-27 | 1979-06-19 | The United States Department Of Energy | Austenitic stainless steel alloys having improved resistance to fast neutron-induced swelling |
| JPS59150067A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1984-08-28 | Jgc Corp | Stainless cast steel for cryogenic service having excellent corrosion resistance |
-
1970
- 1970-02-13 NL NL7002076A patent/NL7002076A/xx unknown
- 1970-02-16 US US00011777A patent/US3717455A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-02-17 GB GB1258723D patent/GB1258723A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-02-17 DE DE19702007101 patent/DE2007101A1/en active Pending
- 1970-02-17 FR FR7005649A patent/FR2035548A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-02-18 BE BE746157D patent/BE746157A/en unknown
- 1970-02-18 CA CA075162A patent/CA937427A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3937646A (en) * | 1973-11-29 | 1976-02-10 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Evaporation apparatus of special material |
| US4060389A (en) * | 1975-01-10 | 1977-11-29 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for use in the ammonia soda process or the ammonium chloride soda process |
| US4127428A (en) * | 1975-08-02 | 1978-11-28 | Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd. | Stainless cast alloy steel for use at low temperatures |
| US5196073A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-03-23 | Avesta Aktiebolag | Stainless steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2035548A5 (en) | 1970-12-18 |
| CA937427A (en) | 1973-11-27 |
| DE2007101A1 (en) | 1971-01-21 |
| BE746157A (en) | 1970-07-31 |
| NL7002076A (en) | 1970-08-20 |
| GB1258723A (en) | 1971-12-30 |
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