US3671459A - Hydrated emulsifier - Google Patents
Hydrated emulsifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3671459A US3671459A US58658A US3671459DA US3671459A US 3671459 A US3671459 A US 3671459A US 58658 A US58658 A US 58658A US 3671459D A US3671459D A US 3671459DA US 3671459 A US3671459 A US 3671459A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsifier
- percent
- lipoidal
- glycerol
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/16—Fatty acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
- C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/905—Agent composition per se for colloid system making or stabilizing, e.g. foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, or gelling
- Y10S516/917—The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen
- Y10S516/918—The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group
Definitions
- One type of emulsifier which has been successfully hydrated is polyoxyethylene sorbitan or mannitan esters, the esters obtained by condensing ethylene oxide with sorbitan or mannitan esters.
- Monoglycerides as well as glycol esters, e.g., propylene glycol monostearate, in combination with fat are typical of other emulsifiers which have also been hydrated.
- an edible hydrated emulsifier containing from about 30-65 percent lipoidal emulsifier component and from 70-35 percent water, at least about 30 percent by weight of the lipoidal component being an edible alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol is an effective emulsifier.
- emulsifier compositions set forth herein include: the ability to hydrate at lower temperatures than other lipoidal emulsifiers, e.g., 70 F. as opposed to l40l60 F. for hard monoglycerides or sorbitan and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters; excellent functionality of the emulsifier at room temperature 70 F.) for producing bakery products and particularly cake batters of low specific gravity and cakes of high specific volume; excellent emulsion stability of the hydrated emulsifier over an extended period of time; and lower cost of resultant emulsifier without loss of functionality.
- the above hydrated emulsifier can be used in food applications where conventional hydrated emulsifiers have been used heretofore. Therefore, the emulsifier can be used in preparing bakery goods, e.g., cakes, rolls, doughnuts, muffins, cookies, etc., salad dressing and oil sauces, confectioners products, e.g., icings, frostings, and cream fillings or for frozen desserts such as ice cream and sherbert.
- bakery goods e.g., cakes, rolls, doughnuts, muffins, cookies, etc.
- salad dressing and oil sauces e.g., icings, frostings, and cream fillings or for frozen desserts such as ice cream and sherbert.
- emulsifier basis weight of the edible comestible can be used in preparing such comestible, but the proportion of emulsifier in the composition can be varied as desired. Typically from about 1-3 percent emulsifier basis weight of the composition is used in preparing most edible comestibles set forth above.
- the alkoxylated partial fatty acid esters of glycerol are polyether products of glycerol and alkylene oxide typically obtained by condensing glycerol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide followed by esterification, or by condensing partial glycerides with ethylene oxide.
- alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol referred to as ethoxylated monoglyceride, is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,433,645 and such type is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the alkylene oxides suitable for reaction with glycerol are the esters of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and preferably from 10-30 moles of total oxide are reacted or condensed with one mole of glycerin.
- Emulsifiers containing more than 50 mole percent propylene oxide basis total mole percent of alkylene oxide in the partial fatty acid esters have a tendency to lose their hydrophilicity and, therefore, are not preferred.
- ethylene oxide is the preferred alkylene oxide for condensing with glycerol or esters thereof in preparing the alkoxylated partial fatty acid esters.
- Esterification of the condensed reaction product to form the partial esters can be accomplished by conventional methods, e.g., by reacting fatty acids with such condensed reaction product.
- the fatty acid esters and those acids typically having from 10-24 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, including the hydroxy acids.
- the fatty acids include the C acids, e.g., oleic, stearic, palmitic and lactic.
- esterification can result through an ester interchange, e.g., by reacting the condensed product with a glyceride. No esterification step is required when the partial ester is produced by the manner set forth in US. Pat. No. 3,433,645, e.g., ethoxylation of monoglycerides, as the fatty acid portion is already present in the form of glycerides.
- partial esters (those not fully acylated) generally are better adapted for stabilizing and aerating edible compositions than the fully acylated counterparts and therefore are preferred.
- partial ester it is meant that the product is a mixture usually consisting of mono and di-esters although some tri-ester including unreacted glycerol may be present in the reaction product.
- the partial ester is predominantly a mono-ester.
- the proportion of partial ester formed where ethylene oxide is reacted with glyceride is controlled by varying the proportion of monoglyceride in the glyceride mixture.
- the glyceride mixture should contain between l0-90 percent, and preferably between 25-50 percent, monoglyceride by weight of the glyceride mixture for forming the desired products.
- the preferred compositions i.e., alkoxylated partial fatty acid esters, have a hydroxyl value of between about 65-80, an acid value maximum of 2.0, and a saponification value of between about 65-75, these values indicating the degree of acylation of the resultant ester.
- partial glycerides it is meant the mono and di-glyoerides. They can be prepared by conventional techniques, e.g., an alcoholysis reaction wherein a triglyceride fat is reacted with glycerin to produce the mono and di-esters. Alternatively, partial glycerides can be prepared by reacting glycerin with a fatty acid in the presence of a catalyst. Partial glycerides prepared by super-glycerinating or by reacting glycerol with fatty acids often contain from about 25-90 percent alpha and B-monoglycerides with the balance being diglyceride, triglycerides or unreacted glycerin.
- the commercial glycerides containing 45-55 percent mono-glyceride by weight are employed as the other lipoidal emulsifier components in combination with the alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol, although distilled monoglycerides function quite well.
- Fatty acids used in preparing the partial glycerides are the same as those mentioned heretofore used in preparing the alkoxylated partial fatty acid esters of glycerol.
- lipoidal emulsifier components can be used in formulating the hydrated emulsifier of this invention and are polyoxyethylene sorbitan and mannitan esters, e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate and polyoxyethylene mannitan monostearate, partial glycerides such as mono and diglycerides heretofore mentioned, propylene glycol esters, e.g., propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monoester of peanut oil, soya bean oil, corn oil, and the like, glycerol lactopalmitate, propylene glycol lactostearate, etc.
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan and mannitan esters e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate and polyoxyethylene mannitan monostearate
- partial glycerides such as mono and diglycerides heretofore mentioned
- propylene glycol esters e.g., propylene glycol monostea
- alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol e.g., ethoxylated monoglyceride by weight of the total lipoidal emulsifier component should be present.
- the advantages set forth above ofien are not achieved. For example, the temperature for hydration often must be increased, especially where the lipoidal emulsifier component is a hard monoglyceride, and resultant plasticity of the emulsifier is reduced.
- a mixture of partial glycerides e.g., monoglycerides and ethoxylated monoglycerides in a proportion of from about 60 percent monoglyceridez40 percent ethoxylated monoglyceride to 60 percent ethoxylated monoglyceride:40 percent monoglyceride by weight produces excellent comestible products and particularly cakes with high cake volume.
- the preferred water content in the hydrated emulsifier should be between about 45-55 percent for achieving desired results.
- the emulsifier component e.g., ethoxylated monoglyceride
- a product in the form of an emulsion results. It is believed the water is physically absorbed by the emulsion rather than adsorbed or chemically reacted to form a water-emulsifier emulsion.
- the alkoxylated partial fatty acid esters of glycerol have the ability to physically absorb a substantial amount of water without undergoing a phase separation, e.g., water-emulsifier, after formation over a period of several days.
- other emulsifiers e.g., sorbitan and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters undergo phase separation in a matter of hours and must be reblended prior to use.
- EXAMPLE 1 A partial glyceride is prepared from a mixture of 90 parts hydrogenated tallow (i.e., a fatty triglyceride), parts glycerin and 0.3 part of powdered potassium hydroxide. This mixture is heated to 320 F. at atmospheric pressure and during such heating, sparged with nitrogen gas. The reaction is terminated after 2 hours and the resulting product, when analyzed, is found to contain approximately 30% monoglyceride, the remainder consisting of di and triglycerides.
- EXAMPLEZ EXAMPLE 3 A hydrated emulsifier is prepared by mixing 40 parts of ethoxylated monoglyceride of Example 2 with 60 parts of a commercial partial glyceride product containing 45 percent monoglyceride. Then l25 parts water are added to the mixture of ethoxylated monoglyceride and partial glyceride and agitated until the water is completely absorbed and emulsifier in the lipoidal component. The temperature during agitation is F. The resultant hydrated emulsifier is a white semi-solid and has substantial stability without resulting loss of water from the emulsion after standing for a period of 24 hours.
- a cake batter is prepared by mixing dry materials consisting of 449 parts sugar, 476 parts cake flour, 25 parts soya flour, 27 parts baking powder, 1.25 parts cream of tartar, 16 parts whole egg solids, 13 parts egg white solids, 29 parts whey solids, and 6 parts salt in a vessel.
- 90 parts corn syrup are blended with 600 parts water.
- Eight parts of the above hydrated emulsifier of Example 3 then are mixed with the dry materials followed by addition of 230 parts of the water-com syrup dispersion, then mixing, followed by another addition of 230 parts of the water-com syrup dispersion, and finally the remaining 230 parts of the water-com syrup dispersion are mixed to form a cake batter.
- the batter has a specific gravity of 0.65 and the resultant cake produced from this batter has a cake volume of 1500 cc/lb.
- a cake identical to the cake above except for the addition of this emulsifier for the one in the previous cake yields a cake batter having a specific gravity of 0.78 grams/cc. and a cake volume of 1,210 cc/lb.
- an edible hydrated emulsifier wherein about 30-65 percent of lipoidal emulsifier component selected from the group consisting of partial fatty acid esters of propylene glycol, glycerol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, and polyoxyethylene mannitan is emulsified with about 70-35 percent water, the improvement which comprises including at least about 30 percent by weight of said lipoidal emulsifier component, of an edible alkoxylated fatty acid ester of glycerol, said alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol being selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated and propoxylated partial fatty acid esters of glycerol and having from 10-30 moles alkoxy groups per mole of glycerol, said fatty acid moiety in said alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol having from 10-24 carbon atoms.
- composition of claim 1 wherein said alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol is an ethoxylated monoglyceride.
- composition of claim 2 wherein said lipoidal emulsifier component contains at least 40 percent of a partial glyceride by weight of said lipoidal component.
- composition of claim 3 wherein said water is present in a proportion of from about 40-55 percent by weight of said composition.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said alkoxylated partial fatty acid ester of glycerol is an ethoxylated monoglyceride.
- 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said lipoidal emulsifier component contains at least 40 percent of a partial glyceride by weight of said lipoidal component.
- 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein said water is present in a proportion of from about 40-55 percent by weight of said composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5865870A | 1970-07-27 | 1970-07-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3671459A true US3671459A (en) | 1972-06-20 |
Family
ID=22018134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US58658A Expired - Lifetime US3671459A (en) | 1970-07-27 | 1970-07-27 | Hydrated emulsifier |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3671459A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3755123A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1973-08-28 | Method for sputtering a film on an irregular surface | |
US4159952A (en) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-03 | Southland Corporation | Powdered hydrated emulsifiers and their method of preparation |
US4160848A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1979-07-10 | Pennwalt Corporation | Antistaling agent for bakery products |
WO1981000061A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-22 | Southland Corp | Improved hydrated emulsifier compositions and their method of preparation |
FR2656235A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-28 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | SURFACE-ACTIVE SYSTEM BASED ON ESTERS OF CARBOHYDRATES OR POLYOL ESTERS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BREASTFEEDING FOR YOUNG ANIMALS. |
US5102680A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-04-07 | General Mills, Inc. | Reduced fat ready-to-spread frosting |
US5178897A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-01-12 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Water-in-oil emulsion composition for bakery |
US5215776A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1993-06-01 | Fantasy-Blankebaer Corporation | Nonfat frozen dairy dessert with method and premix therefor |
US5626903A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-06 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Fat sparing system, especially for cookie filler cremes |
US5968583A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1999-10-19 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co. | Cookie filling cream |
US20030054086A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-20 | Maeve Murphy | Food products and their method of preparation |
US20030224089A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-12-04 | Engesser Eric R. | Whipped yogurt products and method of preparation |
-
1970
- 1970-07-27 US US58658A patent/US3671459A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3755123A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1973-08-28 | Method for sputtering a film on an irregular surface | |
US4160848A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1979-07-10 | Pennwalt Corporation | Antistaling agent for bakery products |
US4159952A (en) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-03 | Southland Corporation | Powdered hydrated emulsifiers and their method of preparation |
EP0002882A1 (en) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-11 | The Southland Corporation | Process for the preparation of powdered hydrated emulsifiers and products obtained |
WO1981000061A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-22 | Southland Corp | Improved hydrated emulsifier compositions and their method of preparation |
FR2656235A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-28 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | SURFACE-ACTIVE SYSTEM BASED ON ESTERS OF CARBOHYDRATES OR POLYOL ESTERS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BREASTFEEDING FOR YOUNG ANIMALS. |
EP0441081A2 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-14 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Surface active composition on the basis of sugar glyceride and use thereof in the preparation of milk feed products for young animals |
EP0441081A3 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-21 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Surface active composition on the basis of sugar glyceride and use thereof in the preparation of milk feed products for young animals |
US5178897A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-01-12 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Water-in-oil emulsion composition for bakery |
US5215776A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1993-06-01 | Fantasy-Blankebaer Corporation | Nonfat frozen dairy dessert with method and premix therefor |
US5102680A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-04-07 | General Mills, Inc. | Reduced fat ready-to-spread frosting |
US5968583A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1999-10-19 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co. | Cookie filling cream |
US5626903A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-06 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Fat sparing system, especially for cookie filler cremes |
US20030054086A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-20 | Maeve Murphy | Food products and their method of preparation |
US20030224101A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-12-04 | Engesser Eric R. | Food products and their method of preparation |
US6998146B2 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2006-02-14 | General Mills, Inc. | Food products and their method of preparation |
US7005157B2 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2006-02-28 | General Mills, Inc. | Food products and their method of preparation |
US20030224089A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-12-04 | Engesser Eric R. | Whipped yogurt products and method of preparation |
US7011861B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2006-03-14 | General Mills, Inc. | Whipped yogurt products and method of preparation |
US7033634B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2006-04-25 | General Mills, Inc. | Whipped yogurt products and method of preparation |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES) |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DURKEE INDUSTRIAL FOODS CORP., 925 EUCLID AVENUE, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SCM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004765/0700 Effective date: 19870804 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DURKEE INDUSTRIAL FOODS ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DURKEE INDUSTRIAL FOODS CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005008/0179 Effective date: 19881205 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DURKEE INDUSTRIAL FOODS CORP., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DURKEE INDUSTRIAL FOODS ACQUISITION CORP., 925 EUCLID AVE., CLEVELAND, OH. 44115, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:005184/0463 Effective date: 19891010 |