US3666247A - Fusing device and method - Google Patents

Fusing device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3666247A
US3666247A US888666A US3666247DA US3666247A US 3666247 A US3666247 A US 3666247A US 888666 A US888666 A US 888666A US 3666247D A US3666247D A US 3666247DA US 3666247 A US3666247 A US 3666247A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
contact
fusing device
powder image
powder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US888666A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willard K Banks
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2064—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat combined with pressure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A fusing device is described for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate such as paper comprising a rotating heating element in contact with a rotating backup member. Pressure means applies a meshing force between the heated member and backup member so that it is not necessary for the heated member in contact with the powder image to carry an offset preventing liquid on its surface.
  • the fusing device is employed in reproduction apparatus, such as electrophotographic apparatus.
  • This invention relates to a heat fusing method and devices for use in fixing images, especially resinous powder images to a support such'as paper and, more particularly, to heat fusing devices in which the heating element, such as a hot roller, is brought into physical contact with the image to be fixed.
  • faster and more efficient method of applying the heat for fusing the powderimage to paper is to have direct physical contact between a hot surface, such as a heated roller and the powder image so that the resin is heated to the necessary temperature for fusing.
  • this method has the disadvantage of ofiset. That is, as the resin powder is softened by the heat and becomes tackified, part of the image will stick to the surface of the hot surface such as the heated roller, so that when the next or second sheet comes into contact with the roller, the image partially removed from the first sheet will at least in part transfer to this sheet and, at the same time, part of the softened image of the second sheet will stick and transfer to the roller. Thus, all but the first sheet will be unacceptable copies.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a fusing device which also is capable of operating at high speed and yet pennanently fuse the toner to the paper.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such a fusing device which also operates as efficiently in transferring heat to the toner image as known fusing devices employing an offset li uid.
  • a fusing device which comprises a rotatable member having a yieldable or compressable high temperature outer material with a dry surface for making contact with the image, means for heating said member, and a back-up member of a high temperature material, the support carrying the toner image passing between the two members.
  • Pressure means is provided for applying sufficient force between the two members so that the compressable material of the heated member is compressed while the toner image is in contact but is returning to its uncompressed state at the point when theimage goes out of contact therewith.
  • the meshing force applied to the heated member either directly to or through the back-up member should be at least about 3 pounds per inch and the heated roll should be at a temperature sufficient to achieve a fuse quality of (the method for making this determination will be described subsequently) with conventional toner which has a fusing range of about 2l0250 F.
  • the heated and back-up members take the form of rolls and the outer material of the heated member is a high temperature elastomer, such as one comprising silicone rubber.
  • FIG. 1 shows the fusing device of the present invention in conjunction with an electrophotographic apparatus.
  • FIGS. 2, 2A, 2B, and 2C show the preferred roll embodiment of the fusing device with alternative heating means.
  • FIG. 3 shows a belt embodiment of the fusing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph which shows the relationship of force and temperature to offset to the heated member with a fusing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph which shows the relationship of temperature and force to fuse quality with a fusing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit for controlling the temperature of the fusing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an electrophotographic apparatus embodying the fusing device of the present invention.
  • the electrophotographic apparatus comprises a housing 1 having disposed therein a drum 2 mounted on a shaft 3 for rotation in the direction shown by the arrow and carrying a photoconductive member 4. Positioned around the drum are the various stations for performing the previously recited electrophotographic process steps comprising a cycle.
  • a corona charging unit 5 serves to lay down a uniform electrostatic charge.
  • This unit preferably includes a wire filament array 6 which is maintained at a high potential as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,588,699.
  • an original to be reproduced is placed face down on a transparent supporting member 7 which may be fabricated of glass, polymethylmethacrylate, or the like.
  • the original is then flash illuminated by light sources 8 which desirably have back reflectors 9. Radiation from the light sources 8 is absorbed by the dark-colored portions, normally the print area of the original and reflected ofi the light colored portions, normally the background, of the original. The reflected radiation provides the exposure of a pattern corresponding to the pattern on the original.
  • the next station comprises a developing unit 10 including an outer container or cover 11 with a trough 12 at its bottom containing a supply of developing material 13. This material comprises a mixture of commercially available electroscopic powder and carrier particles for the powder and is picked up from the bottom of the container 11 by a number of buckets 14 on an endless driven conveyor belt 15.
  • the carrier particles serve to deagglomerate the toner particles and to charge them by virtue of the relative position of toner and carrier material in the triboelectric series.
  • friction between the toner powder and carrier particles during tumbling of the development mixture causes them to charge to opposite polarities so that the toner powder clings to the carrier particles.
  • the carrier particles with the toner powder clinging to them are cascaded across an electrostatic charge pattern, the electrostatic fields from the pattern pull the toner powder off the carrier particles and render the pattern visible.
  • the carrier particles, along with some toner powder not used to develop the electrostatic pattern fall back to the bottom or trough 12 of the container 1 l for reuse. Periodically, the toner powder is replenished by means not shown.
  • a transfer station To transfer the now electroscopic powder pattern to a copy paper, a transfer station includes a supply of copy paper, preferably a stack of sheets 16, and a feed device 17 for top feeding single sheets of copy paper into contact with electroscopic powder pattern.
  • the transfer station includes a corona discharge unit 18 connected to a source of high potential so as to deposit a charge on the back of the copy sheet of the same polarity as the charge laid down by the corona discharge unit at the charging station.
  • This electrostatic charge on the back of the copy sheet causes the attraction of the electroscopic powder pattern to the front of the copy sheet so as to temporarily affix the electroscopic copy pattern to the copy sheet.
  • the last station which completes the electrophotographic cycle is a cleaning station including a cleaning brush 21 joumaled for rotation in a vacuum housing 22 connected to a vacuum source, not shown.
  • an erase lamp (not shown) can be included in the electrophotographic cycle to dissipate any electrostatic charges remaining on the photoconductive member 4.
  • the electroscopic powder pattern which has been transferred to the copy sheet is fused to the sheet by passing the sheet through a fusing device 23 comprising at least one heated member 24 and a back-up member 25.
  • the heated member 24 is in the shape of a roller and includes a heat conducting tubing 26, such as copper or aluminum, having infrared lamp 27 disposed therein and with deformable layer of an insulating, high temperature material such as one comprising silicone rubber.
  • the wattage of the lamp will vary, depending upon the speed of the copy sheet through the fusing device. For example, at 32 inches per second, two infrared lamps mounted side by side are employed. The wattage of these lamps are 135 watts per inch.
  • the copper tubing is 3 inches in diameter and one-eighth inch thick, but the thickness is not at all critical inasmuch as it is an excellent conductor of heat.
  • the thickness of the deformable layer is somewhat critical in that it is an insulating material and heat flow or heat conductance decreases with increased thickness. In the present instance, it is about mils, but thicknesses as great as about 20 and as low as about 3 mils have been employed. The low limit on thickness is governed by strength and the ability of the material to deform under reasonable pressure.
  • An advantage of a relative thick coating, i.e.- 10 mils is that, if cascade development is employed in the electrophotographic process, carrier'beads which might be transferred to the copy paper will not damage the heated element 24.
  • the remaining parameters are high temperature resistance and hardness.
  • the material should be able to continuously withstand at least up to about 550 F. without degradation, and should preferably have a shore A durometer of 30-35.
  • the back-up element 25 which also preferably is in the shape of a roller, is herein pushed against the heated element 24 with a meshing force supplied by pressure means such as an air piston 29 driven by a pressure regulator (not shown).
  • the back-up element is also formed of a high temperature elastomer 30 such as one comprising silicone rubber.
  • the elastomer is of a higher durometer and thicker relative to the elastomer of the heated element. The durometer can range from 40-70, Shore A, and preferably is about 65.
  • the elastomers are cast from a mold in the form of a roll and the shaft 31 is added to the center of the roll.
  • the infrared lamp 27 can be replaced by a resistant heating element 32 as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the resistant heating element 32 can either be mounted in the center of the heating element 24 or disposed adjacent the periphery of the element 24 as shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the conductive tubing 26 can be eliminated and the casting of the elastomer roll containing the resistant heating element 32 near the surface can be mounted directly to a shaft 32.
  • FIG. 2C wherein both rolls 24, 24' contain heating elements.
  • the heating elements are infrared lamps 27, 27', but, if desired, the heating elements and configurations of FIGS. 2A and 28 may be employed.
  • the outer coating 28, 28 of the rolls is a high temperature elastomer. Again, one comprising silicone rubber is preferred.
  • coating 28' on the back-up roll 24' is thicker than the coating on the other heated roll 24 so as to increase the contact zone during fusing.
  • This coating 28 is also a higher durometer material, as was the other coatings on the back-up rolls of FIGS. 2-2B.
  • pressure means such as an air piston has not been shown.
  • the rotating members of the fusing device of the present invention can take the form of a pair of endless belts 34, 35, each mounted on a pair of shafts 36, 37, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a resistant heating element 38 is disposed in the belt 34 similar to the roll embodiment of FIG. 28.
  • Both belts are of a high temperature elastomer, with the back-up belt 35 being of a higher durometer than the heated belt.
  • the direction of travel of the belts 34, 35 is indicated by the arrows 39 so that the paper carrying the resinous powder or electroscopic toner travels from the entrance 40 of the fusing device to the exit 41, thereby increasing the time the heated belt is in contact with the paper.
  • Pressure means which in the present instance is an air piston 42 driven by a pressure regulator (not shown), forces the two belts together at least at the exit 41 of the fusing device.
  • the back-up belt 35 may contain a heated element similar to the heated belt 34.
  • the belt configuration of FIG. 3 may be modified to be an equivalent of the roll configurations of FIGS. 2, 2A and 2C.
  • the fusing device of the present invention operates without an offset preventing liquid on surface of the heated member
  • one explanation is based on the fact that the elastic coating of the back-up member is of a higher durometer than the heated member.
  • the elastic coating deforms during fusing of the resinous powder or electroscopic toner due to the applied meshing force. While the toner is still in a molten state and when the deformed elastomer is in the process of returning to its original shape, it separates from the toner thereby setting up a shear force which prevents the toner from offsetting to the heated element. That is, for relatively soft elastic rubber coating at high meshing force, a shear force develops.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a plot of hot roll and back-up roll offset boundaries on a domain of temperature versus meshing force.
  • the fusing device of the present invention for obtaining the data for FIG. 4 comprises a heated roll of a 8-inch long, 1/16 inch thick copper tubing coated with G.
  • the back-up roll was a solid cast G.
  • E. RTV 11 having a 45 durometer, Shore A.
  • an examination of the fused image on the copy paper reveals when the meshing force and temperature are such that the fusing device of the present invention is operating at one of the boundaries and which boundary it is, thereby indicating the temperature adjustment or the pressure adjustment needed to place the operation in the no offset zone.
  • the toner image is mechanically abraded with a piece of filter paper and then the filter paper is optically measured for the amount of toner transferred to the filter paper. That is, a clean piece of filter paper of known optical reflection is placed on a movable vacuum abrasion head, the vacuum holding the filter paper in position. The head is hinged to swing into and out of contact with a fixed vacuum platen on which a copy paper having a fused toner image is placed face up.
  • a reflection device comprises an adjustable light source and solar cell detector with a calibrated meter ranging from -100.
  • the light source is focused on the clean filter paper and its intensity is adjusted until reflected light to the solar cell causes a current of 100 microamperes for reading of 100 on the meter.
  • the abrasion head is swung down into contact with the copy paper and moved back and forth a predetermined number of times, such as 10, causing the filter to rub against the toner image.
  • the abrasion head is swung out of contact with the copy paper.
  • the reflection device is now turned on for reading of the optical reflection of the filter paper, the intensity of the light source being the same as before the abrasion test.
  • a reading of 100 indicates a perfectly fused copy, while a reading of 30 indicates poorly fused copy. Satisfactory fuse quality is a reading of about 70 or above.
  • FIG. Shown in FIG. is a plot of temperature versus fuse quality with three different meshing forces.
  • the fusing device of the present invention employed in obtaining this data is the configuration of FIG. 2 with the paper feeding through the rolls at 16 inches per second.
  • the heated and back-up rolls were ll inches in length so that the meshing force of l 10 pounds, l50 pounds, l pounds is respectively 11 pounds per inch, l3.6 pounds per inch, and 16.8 pounds per inch.
  • the fuse qualityu is below the satisfactory 70 level.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a Fenwel Series 56lXX controller.
  • Two independent Wheatstone bridge circuits 45 one AC powered and one DC powered, utilize a temperature transducer, such as a thermistor 46, as a common leg.
  • a DC power supply 47 provides power to the DC powered bridge which, in turn, provides an indicator signal to a temperature indicator or meter 48.
  • An AC source 49 supplies power to the other bridge, which provides the control signal to a four stage amplifier 50.
  • the amplified control signal operates the output relay 51 for controlling the intensity of the infrared lamp 52 and maintaining temperature at the level set in the controller.
  • a fusing device for fixing a resinous powder image to a substrate
  • first and second rotatable members through which said substrate carrying the powder image passes and comes into contact with said first member, said first member having a high temperature resistant, elastic, compressible coating surrounding and in physical contact with a heat conducting support member, said second member being elastic and deformable by said first member when in pressure contact, the outer surfaces of both of said members being free of an offset preventing liquid,
  • heating means disposed within said support member for heating the outer surface of said elastic coating to an elevated temperature, the thickness of said elastic coating being such that heat from said heating source is readily conducted through said coating and is at least about 3 mils,
  • pressure means for applying a meshing force between said members at a pressure sufficiently high to cause said coating to be in a compressed state about said powder image and to deform said second member so as to create a contact zone, but sufficiently low to avoid detrimental effects to said substrate, and

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
US888666A 1969-12-29 1969-12-29 Fusing device and method Expired - Lifetime US3666247A (en)

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US (1) US3666247A (de)
JP (1) JPS535549B1 (de)
CA (1) CA921104A (de)
DE (1) DE2063950C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2072207A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1320588A (de)

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4898843A (de) * 1972-03-29 1973-12-14
US3818860A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-06-25 Usm Corp Electrically heated continuous band applicator
US3845742A (en) * 1973-05-17 1974-11-05 Xerox Corp Fuser roll construction
JPS49115343A (de) * 1973-03-06 1974-11-05
JPS5045649A (de) * 1973-07-25 1975-04-23
JPS5048640U (de) * 1973-08-29 1975-05-14
JPS50119638A (de) * 1974-02-19 1975-09-19
US3921573A (en) * 1973-05-29 1975-11-25 Xerox Corp Cleaning system for electrostatic reproducing apparatus
US3937637A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-02-10 Xerox Corporation Roll contact fuser
US3948215A (en) * 1972-03-14 1976-04-06 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Fixing toner images in electrophotography
US3952696A (en) * 1973-07-25 1976-04-27 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device for electrophotographic copying apparatus
US3955530A (en) * 1973-06-28 1976-05-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Transfer-fixing device
US3983688A (en) * 1975-06-19 1976-10-05 The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc. World clock device
US4001546A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-01-04 Eikonix Corporation Film thermal processing
JPS52136640U (de) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-17
JPS52140339U (de) * 1976-04-19 1977-10-24
JPS5347835U (de) * 1977-10-07 1978-04-22
US4091765A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-05-30 Vivian L. Lowthorp, Executrix of the Estate of Ernest C. Lowthorp, deceased Developing and fusing apparatus
US4125760A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-11-14 Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag Relief pattern impressing apparatus
JPS5481339U (de) * 1977-11-21 1979-06-09
US4188423A (en) * 1977-04-06 1980-02-12 Xerox Corporation Solvent extracted heat fuser member
US4207057A (en) * 1975-06-16 1980-06-10 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Fixing device for use in electrophotographic copying machine
US4232959A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-11-11 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image fusing apparatus
US4242566A (en) * 1980-03-21 1980-12-30 Pitney Bowes Inc. Heat-pressure fusing device
US4248520A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-02-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic copying apparatus with improved fixing arrangement
JPS5632854U (de) * 1980-07-17 1981-03-31
JPS56104759U (de) * 1980-11-26 1981-08-15
US4322158A (en) * 1980-01-30 1982-03-30 Micron Corporation Thermal film development apparatus
EP0411852A2 (de) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-06 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Fixiervorrichtung
US5012072A (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-04-30 Xerox Corporation Conformable fusing system
WO1992006417A1 (de) * 1990-10-02 1992-04-16 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Thermo-fixierstation mit bandtransport
EP0486723A1 (de) * 1990-11-22 1992-05-27 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Wärmestation zum Erwärmen eines Aufzeichnungsträgers in einem Druck- oder Kopiergerät
EP0503358A2 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-16 Konica Corporation Fixiergerät mit einer Heizrolle
WO1993000616A1 (en) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Kao Corporation Method of forming fixed images
US6463250B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2002-10-08 Nexpress Solutions Llc Externally heated deformable fuser roller
EP1434111A2 (de) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-30 Seiko Epson Corporation Fixiereinrichtung und Bilderzeugungsgerät
US20130075013A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Stratasys, Inc. Layer Transfusion with Rotatable Belt for Additive Manufacturing
US9868255B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2018-01-16 Stratasys, Inc. Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with pre-sintering

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001544A (en) * 1973-11-16 1977-01-04 Wifo Wissenschaftliches Forschungs-Institut A.G. Apparatus for fixing electrophotographic images

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US3256002A (en) * 1963-12-23 1966-06-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic fixing device
US3291466A (en) * 1964-09-30 1966-12-13 Xerox Corp Xerographic fixing device
US3449548A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Fusing device
US3452181A (en) * 1967-12-27 1969-06-24 Eastman Kodak Co Roll fusing device for xerographic material
US3498596A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-03-03 Xerox Corp Heat fixing apparatus for fusible material

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US3256002A (en) * 1963-12-23 1966-06-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic fixing device
US3291466A (en) * 1964-09-30 1966-12-13 Xerox Corp Xerographic fixing device
US3449548A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Fusing device
US3452181A (en) * 1967-12-27 1969-06-24 Eastman Kodak Co Roll fusing device for xerographic material
US3498596A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-03-03 Xerox Corp Heat fixing apparatus for fusible material

Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948215A (en) * 1972-03-14 1976-04-06 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Fixing toner images in electrophotography
US3818860A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-06-25 Usm Corp Electrically heated continuous band applicator
JPS4898843A (de) * 1972-03-29 1973-12-14
JPS49115343A (de) * 1973-03-06 1974-11-05
JPS5628263B2 (de) * 1973-03-06 1981-06-30
US3845742A (en) * 1973-05-17 1974-11-05 Xerox Corp Fuser roll construction
US3921573A (en) * 1973-05-29 1975-11-25 Xerox Corp Cleaning system for electrostatic reproducing apparatus
US3955530A (en) * 1973-06-28 1976-05-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Transfer-fixing device
JPS5045649A (de) * 1973-07-25 1975-04-23
US3952696A (en) * 1973-07-25 1976-04-27 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device for electrophotographic copying apparatus
JPS5720633B2 (de) * 1973-07-25 1982-04-30
US3937637A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-02-10 Xerox Corporation Roll contact fuser
JPS5048640U (de) * 1973-08-29 1975-05-14
JPS5351166Y2 (de) * 1973-08-29 1978-12-07
JPS50119638A (de) * 1974-02-19 1975-09-19
US4207057A (en) * 1975-06-16 1980-06-10 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Fixing device for use in electrophotographic copying machine
US3983688A (en) * 1975-06-19 1976-10-05 The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc. World clock device
US4001546A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-01-04 Eikonix Corporation Film thermal processing
JPS52136640U (de) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-17
JPS5638519Y2 (de) * 1976-04-13 1981-09-08
JPS52140339U (de) * 1976-04-19 1977-10-24
JPS563723Y2 (de) * 1976-04-19 1981-01-27
US4125760A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-11-14 Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag Relief pattern impressing apparatus
US4091765A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-05-30 Vivian L. Lowthorp, Executrix of the Estate of Ernest C. Lowthorp, deceased Developing and fusing apparatus
US4188423A (en) * 1977-04-06 1980-02-12 Xerox Corporation Solvent extracted heat fuser member
JPS5334926Y2 (de) * 1977-10-07 1978-08-26
JPS5347835U (de) * 1977-10-07 1978-04-22
US4248520A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-02-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic copying apparatus with improved fixing arrangement
JPS5481339U (de) * 1977-11-21 1979-06-09
US4232959A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-11-11 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image fusing apparatus
US4322158A (en) * 1980-01-30 1982-03-30 Micron Corporation Thermal film development apparatus
US4242566A (en) * 1980-03-21 1980-12-30 Pitney Bowes Inc. Heat-pressure fusing device
JPS5632854U (de) * 1980-07-17 1981-03-31
JPS573002Y2 (de) * 1980-07-17 1982-01-19
JPS56104759U (de) * 1980-11-26 1981-08-15
EP0411852A2 (de) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-06 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Fixiervorrichtung
EP0411852A3 (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-07-22 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Fixing device
US5012072A (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-04-30 Xerox Corporation Conformable fusing system
WO1992006417A1 (de) * 1990-10-02 1992-04-16 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Thermo-fixierstation mit bandtransport
EP0486723A1 (de) * 1990-11-22 1992-05-27 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Wärmestation zum Erwärmen eines Aufzeichnungsträgers in einem Druck- oder Kopiergerät
EP0503358A2 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-16 Konica Corporation Fixiergerät mit einer Heizrolle
EP0503358A3 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-12-30 Konica Corporation Fixing apparatus having a heating roller
WO1993000616A1 (en) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Kao Corporation Method of forming fixed images
US5436104A (en) * 1991-06-29 1995-07-25 Kao Corporation Method of forming fixed images using heated belt
US6463250B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2002-10-08 Nexpress Solutions Llc Externally heated deformable fuser roller
EP1434111A2 (de) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-30 Seiko Epson Corporation Fixiereinrichtung und Bilderzeugungsgerät
EP1434111A3 (de) * 2002-11-20 2011-04-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Fixiereinrichtung und Bilderzeugungsgerät
US20130075013A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Stratasys, Inc. Layer Transfusion with Rotatable Belt for Additive Manufacturing
US9720363B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2017-08-01 Stratasys, Inc. Layer transfusion with rotatable belt for additive manufacturing
US9885987B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2018-02-06 Stratasys, Inc. Layer transfusion for additive manufacturing
US9904223B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2018-02-27 Stratasys, Inc. Layer transfusion with transfixing for additive manufacturing
US9868255B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2018-01-16 Stratasys, Inc. Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with pre-sintering

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Publication number Publication date
CA921104A (en) 1973-02-13
JPS535549B1 (de) 1978-02-28
FR2072207A5 (de) 1971-09-24
DE2063950A1 (de) 1971-07-08
DE2063950C3 (de) 1980-10-09
DE2063950B2 (de) 1977-12-01
GB1320588A (en) 1973-06-13

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