US3657851A - Two-piece refractory anchor for heavy duty construction - Google Patents

Two-piece refractory anchor for heavy duty construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3657851A
US3657851A US49375A US3657851DA US3657851A US 3657851 A US3657851 A US 3657851A US 49375 A US49375 A US 49375A US 3657851D A US3657851D A US 3657851DA US 3657851 A US3657851 A US 3657851A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anchor
arms
stud
shell
heavy duty
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Expired - Lifetime
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US49375A
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Harry A Chambers
Ronald Nehls
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Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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TRW Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/141—Anchors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings

Definitions

  • a kiln generally consists of an outer metal sheet and an inner lining. Some kilns are of the rotary type. The inner lining of the kiln may be formed of brick or may be of monolithic one-piece type. The monolithic type can be cast directly against the inner side of the outer shell of the kiln. With the use of RotoCast or similar methods the lining is installed in one continuous pour per section forming a single L length. In some cases through the use of full circular cast lining method a homogenious monolithic installation is achieved with but a single longitudinal cold joint.
  • a difficulty with linings in rotary kilns is that there is a moving or rifling of the lining in relation to the shell.
  • the rifling is dependent upon several interacting forces such as the diameter of the shell and the speed of rotation of the kiln. Because a monolithic castable lining is truly one-piece, the forces act on the entire unit and are multiplied to a great extent causing severe stress on the anchors.
  • One method of holding the shell and the lining together is to provide a series of V-shaped end weldable studs as disclosed in the patent to Barkley, U. S. Pat. No. 3,336,712.
  • the studs are hand tack welded to the shell.
  • the lining tends to crack into discrete units of varying size while simultaneously subjecting the stud or anchors to shear stress which may break the anchors thus allowing the broken pieces of the lining to fall away from the shell.
  • Another method of holding the lining to the shell is to use two-piece anchors, one element of which is a rectangular nut having an aperture formed therethrough welded to the shell, the arm portion of the fastener is passed through the hole and tack welded to the nut.
  • This type of arrangement still requires a weld operation. Movement of the lining may or may not break the anchor-nut weld, so that this anchor suffers from the same liabilities as the first type.
  • This invention is directed at a two-piece refractory anchor for kiln construction.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a refractory anchor in which the arms are not welded to the support.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a twopiece refractory anchor in which the arms are adapted to collapse in relation to the stud.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a twopiece refractory anchor in which one of the elements is a pair of arms connected by a bight portion and the other element is a cylindrical stud having an aperture formed therethrough whereby placing the arms in a certain relation to the stud the two elements are locked together.
  • FIG. 1 is a section partly in elevation of the prior art construction.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation broken off showing a portion of the shell and several studs attached thereto.
  • FIG.'3 is a side elevation showing the arms loosely engaged to a stud.
  • FIG. 7 is a ers ective of the assembl of FIG. 4.
  • DESCRIP 10 OF THE PREFERR D EMBODIMENT In the drawings there is shown in FIG. 1 a prior art refractory anchor comprising the shell 10 of kiln, such as a rotary kiln, a lining 12 formed of a refractory material and applied to the shell either by blowing or spraying to provide a monolithic construction and the anchor 14.
  • the anchor 14 is generally V- shaped in configuration and is welded directly to the shell 10 at its bight portion.
  • the inventors anchor and assembly is shown in FIGS. 2 through 7 and includes a stud element 16 and an anchor element which has a bight portion 18 and a pair of arms 20.
  • the stud element 16 comprises a metal cylinder having a circular hole 22 formed transversely therethrough.
  • the diameter of the circular hole 22 is greater than the diameter of the arm 20.
  • the diameter of the stud element 16 is such that the anchor element can be passed, on a plane at right angle to the axis of the stud element 16, through the hole 22 without binding and can be left, with an arm 20 on each side of the stud element 16 hanging loosely. If each of the stud elements 16 were welded to a shelf 24 of a kiln as shown in FIG. 2, the arms 20 would hang loosely with the bight portion 18 within the hole 22.
  • An anchor for a kiln or the like comprising a stud having a wall defining a transverse aperture formed therethrough and a U-shaped anchor element having a pair of arms connected by a bight portion, each of the arms having an uninterrupted inner surface and a bight portion having an outer surface, the diameter of the arms, the angle of the bight, the diameter of the stud and the length of the transverse cord taken at the center of the aperture is such that the anchor element will bind when moved from a first position to an upright position with the bight in the aperture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

This is a two-piece refractory anchor which utilizes a jamb fit between a stud and the arms of the anchor to allow adjustment and movement of the arms of the anchor when the refractory moves in relation to its support.

Description

United States Patent Chambers et al.
[ 51 Apr. 25, 1972 [54] TWO-PIECE REFRACTORY ANCHOR FOR HEAVY DUTY CONSTRUCTION [72] Inventors: Harry A. Chambers, Amherst; Ronald Nehls, Lorain, both of Ohio [73] Assignee: TRW lnc., Cleveland, Ohio [22] Filed: June 24, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 49,375
[52] US. Cl ..52/378, 52/334 [51] lnt. Cl ..E04b 1/16 [58] Field of Search ..52/7l2, 733, 735, 737, 334,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,516,271 11/1924 Evans ...85/7 2,370,171 2/1945 .lepson ..85/7
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 496,330 1919 France ..52/378 Primary Examiner.lohn E. Murtagh Att0rneyPhilip E. Parker, Gordon Needleman, James R. O'- Connor, John Todd and Hall and Houghton ABSTRACT This is a two-piece refractory anchor which utilizes a jamb fit between a stud and the arms of the anchor to allow adjustment and movement of the arms of the anchor when the refractory moves in relation to its support.
1 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAPR 25 m2 3. 6 57, 851
INVENTORS HARRY A. CHAMBERS RON NEHLS BY Wmlnm ATTORNEY TWO-PIECE REFRACTORY ANCHOR FOR HEAVY DUTY CONSTRUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A kiln generally consists of an outer metal sheet and an inner lining. Some kilns are of the rotary type. The inner lining of the kiln may be formed of brick or may be of monolithic one-piece type. The monolithic type can be cast directly against the inner side of the outer shell of the kiln. With the use of RotoCast or similar methods the lining is installed in one continuous pour per section forming a single L length. In some cases through the use of full circular cast lining method a homogenious monolithic installation is achieved with but a single longitudinal cold joint.
A difficulty with linings in rotary kilns is that there is a moving or rifling of the lining in relation to the shell. The rifling is dependent upon several interacting forces such as the diameter of the shell and the speed of rotation of the kiln. Because a monolithic castable lining is truly one-piece, the forces act on the entire unit and are multiplied to a great extent causing severe stress on the anchors.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART One method of holding the shell and the lining together is to provide a series of V-shaped end weldable studs as disclosed in the patent to Barkley, U. S. Pat. No. 3,336,712. The studs are hand tack welded to the shell. When the lining moves in relation to the shell, the lining tends to crack into discrete units of varying size while simultaneously subjecting the stud or anchors to shear stress which may break the anchors thus allowing the broken pieces of the lining to fall away from the shell.
Another method of holding the lining to the shell is to use two-piece anchors, one element of which is a rectangular nut having an aperture formed therethrough welded to the shell, the arm portion of the fastener is passed through the hole and tack welded to the nut. This type of arrangement still requires a weld operation. Movement of the lining may or may not break the anchor-nut weld, so that this anchor suffers from the same liabilities as the first type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is directed at a two-piece refractory anchor for kiln construction.
An object of the present invention is to provide a refractory anchor in which the arms are not welded to the support.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a twopiece refractory anchor in which the arms are adapted to collapse in relation to the stud.
A still further object of the invention, is to provide a twopiece refractory anchor in which one of the elements is a pair of arms connected by a bight portion and the other element is a cylindrical stud having an aperture formed therethrough whereby placing the arms in a certain relation to the stud the two elements are locked together.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a section partly in elevation of the prior art construction.
FIG. 2 is a side elevation broken off showing a portion of the shell and several studs attached thereto.
FIG.'3 is a side elevation showing the arms loosely engaged to a stud.
FIG. 4 is a side elevation showing the arms engaged under tension to the stud.
FIG. 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 4 showing the anchor element in side elevation.
FIG. 6 is a section taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 3 showing the anchor element in side elevation.
FIG. 7 is a ers ective of the assembl of FIG. 4. DESCRIP 10 OF THE PREFERR D EMBODIMENT In the drawings there is shown in FIG. 1 a prior art refractory anchor comprising the shell 10 of kiln, such as a rotary kiln, a lining 12 formed of a refractory material and applied to the shell either by blowing or spraying to provide a monolithic construction and the anchor 14. The anchor 14 is generally V- shaped in configuration and is welded directly to the shell 10 at its bight portion. The inventors anchor and assembly is shown in FIGS. 2 through 7 and includes a stud element 16 and an anchor element which has a bight portion 18 and a pair of arms 20. The stud element 16 comprises a metal cylinder having a circular hole 22 formed transversely therethrough. The diameter of the circular hole 22 is greater than the diameter of the arm 20. And the diameter of the stud element 16 is such that the anchor element can be passed, on a plane at right angle to the axis of the stud element 16, through the hole 22 without binding and can be left, with an arm 20 on each side of the stud element 16 hanging loosely. If each of the stud elements 16 were welded to a shelf 24 of a kiln as shown in FIG. 2, the arms 20 would hang loosely with the bight portion 18 within the hole 22. Rotating the arms 20 upwardly away from the shell 24 will cause the outer surface of the bightportion l8 and the inner surface of each of the arms 20 to butt against the inner surfaces of the wall defining the hole 22 thereby forcing the arms against the edge of the surface of the wall defining the upper portion of the hole 22 and the bight portion against the surface of the wall defining the lower portion of that hole. The dimension of the hole 22 and its relation to the angle of the bight portion 18 causes a jambing action at three (3) places holding the anchor element engaged to the stud element 16.
With references to the foregoing description it is to be understood that what has been disclosed herein represents an embodiment of the invention and is to be construed as illustrative rather than restrictive in nature and that the invention is best described by the following claims:
1. An anchor for a kiln or the like comprising a stud having a wall defining a transverse aperture formed therethrough and a U-shaped anchor element having a pair of arms connected by a bight portion, each of the arms having an uninterrupted inner surface and a bight portion having an outer surface, the diameter of the arms, the angle of the bight, the diameter of the stud and the length of the transverse cord taken at the center of the aperture is such that the anchor element will bind when moved from a first position to an upright position with the bight in the aperture.

Claims (1)

1. An anchor for a kiln or the like comprising a stud having a wall defining a transverse aperture formed therethrough and a Ushaped anchor element having a pair of arms connected by a bight portion, each of the arms having an uninterrupted inner surface and a bight portion having an outer surface, the diameter of the arms, the angle of the bight, the diameter of the stud and the length of the transverse cord taken at the center of the aperture is such that the anchor element will bind when moved from a first position to an upright position with the bight in the aperture.
US49375A 1970-06-24 1970-06-24 Two-piece refractory anchor for heavy duty construction Expired - Lifetime US3657851A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2290627A1 (en) * 1974-11-08 1976-06-04 Clark George Sheffield Ltd Refractory lining application system - material poured round bars of varying cross-section fixed to supporting structure
EP0127315A1 (en) * 1983-04-29 1984-12-05 Exxon Research And Engineering Company A composite metal anchor for refractory linings
US4680908A (en) * 1980-04-14 1987-07-21 Amoco Corporation Refractory anchor
EP0304705A1 (en) * 1987-08-29 1989-03-01 JÜNGER & GRÄTER GMBH & CO. Feuerfestbau Anchor for refractory slabs suspended in front of a collection of steel tubes
DE3815552A1 (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-16 Buchtal Gmbh NATURAL STONE PLATE WITH MOUNTING ELEMENTS ON THE SIDE REFERRED SIDE
US5383741A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-01-24 Newport News Shipbuilding And Dry Dock Company End welded stud and supports for wireway hangers
EP0976997A1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-02 Schweiss Service, Detlef Köster GmbH & Co. KG Anchoring device with undulated arms for fixing fire-resistant material
US20040163349A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-26 Marcio Gerep Stud with heat sink
US20040163576A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-26 Marcio Gerep Refractory system having improved anchoring stud
US20120291393A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Wouter Garot Anchoring assembly and fixing device for such an anchoring assembly
US20130315656A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Donald B. Larson Slip Fitting Holding Device and System
US20150267122A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-24 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Internal lining for delayed coker drum
DE202014005475U1 (en) 2014-07-03 2015-10-06 Vhi Vertriebsgesellschaft Für Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe Und Industriebedarf Mbh Refractory lining and a fastening device therefor
CN106016344A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-10-12 宜兴市中环耐火材料有限公司 Anti-fracturing metal anchorage
USD891237S1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2020-07-28 Refractory Anchors Inc. Refractory anchor
US20230296321A1 (en) * 2022-03-16 2023-09-21 Brand Shared Services Llc Refractory anchors and eye-mounts

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR496330A (en) * 1918-02-13 1919-11-04 James Parker Improvements to a process for producing reinforced concrete structures
US1516271A (en) * 1922-10-04 1924-11-18 Nicola Figliolo Lock washer
US2370171A (en) * 1943-08-20 1945-02-27 Jepson Percy Locking pin

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR496330A (en) * 1918-02-13 1919-11-04 James Parker Improvements to a process for producing reinforced concrete structures
US1516271A (en) * 1922-10-04 1924-11-18 Nicola Figliolo Lock washer
US2370171A (en) * 1943-08-20 1945-02-27 Jepson Percy Locking pin

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2290627A1 (en) * 1974-11-08 1976-06-04 Clark George Sheffield Ltd Refractory lining application system - material poured round bars of varying cross-section fixed to supporting structure
US4680908A (en) * 1980-04-14 1987-07-21 Amoco Corporation Refractory anchor
EP0127315A1 (en) * 1983-04-29 1984-12-05 Exxon Research And Engineering Company A composite metal anchor for refractory linings
EP0304705A1 (en) * 1987-08-29 1989-03-01 JÜNGER & GRÄTER GMBH & CO. Feuerfestbau Anchor for refractory slabs suspended in front of a collection of steel tubes
DE3815552A1 (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-16 Buchtal Gmbh NATURAL STONE PLATE WITH MOUNTING ELEMENTS ON THE SIDE REFERRED SIDE
US5383741A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-01-24 Newport News Shipbuilding And Dry Dock Company End welded stud and supports for wireway hangers
EP0976997A1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-02 Schweiss Service, Detlef Köster GmbH & Co. KG Anchoring device with undulated arms for fixing fire-resistant material
US20040163349A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-26 Marcio Gerep Stud with heat sink
US20040163576A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-26 Marcio Gerep Refractory system having improved anchoring stud
US7322155B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2008-01-29 Sage Of America, Inc. Stud with heat sink
US7469507B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2008-12-30 Sage Of America, Inc. Refractory system having improved anchoring stud
US20120291393A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Wouter Garot Anchoring assembly and fixing device for such an anchoring assembly
US8844239B2 (en) * 2011-05-16 2014-09-30 Wouter Garot Anchoring assembly and fixing device for such an anchoring assembly
US20130315656A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Donald B. Larson Slip Fitting Holding Device and System
US9388836B2 (en) * 2012-05-24 2016-07-12 Donald B. Larson Slip fitting holding device and system
US20150267122A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-24 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Internal lining for delayed coker drum
CN106068322A (en) * 2014-03-12 2016-11-02 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 The liner of delayed coking drums
US10047298B2 (en) * 2014-03-12 2018-08-14 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Internal lining for delayed coker drum
CN106068322B (en) * 2014-03-12 2019-04-09 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 The liner of delayed coking drums
DE202014005475U1 (en) 2014-07-03 2015-10-06 Vhi Vertriebsgesellschaft Für Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe Und Industriebedarf Mbh Refractory lining and a fastening device therefor
EP2963344A1 (en) 2014-07-03 2016-01-06 vhi Vertriebsgesellschaft für Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe und Industriebedarf mbH Refractory lining and a fastening device for same
CN106016344A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-10-12 宜兴市中环耐火材料有限公司 Anti-fracturing metal anchorage
CN106016344B (en) * 2016-07-25 2018-04-06 宜兴市中环耐火材料有限公司 The anti-metal anchorage that fractures of one kind
USD891237S1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2020-07-28 Refractory Anchors Inc. Refractory anchor
US20230296321A1 (en) * 2022-03-16 2023-09-21 Brand Shared Services Llc Refractory anchors and eye-mounts

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