US3635694A - Method of manufacturing manganese oxide pellets - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing manganese oxide pellets Download PDFInfo
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- US3635694A US3635694A US839679A US3635694DA US3635694A US 3635694 A US3635694 A US 3635694A US 839679 A US839679 A US 839679A US 3635694D A US3635694D A US 3635694DA US 3635694 A US3635694 A US 3635694A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Definitions
- manganous oxide is an excellent acceptor of sulfur and may be used to remove sulfur from solid sulfur-containing materials, for example carbonaceous fuels such as coltc pellets.
- the manganous oxide sulfur acceptor is made from high-purity manganie oxide ores such as pyro- Iusitc, Ramsdellite and the like. Most of these ores are not readily accessible and generally must be briquetted, calcined, and crushed to a fine particle size prior to their use. Ramsdellite may, however, because of its inherent strength be calcined without briquetting after crushing the ore to a fine particle size. See US. Pat. No. 2,950,231. Because of their fine particle size, these ores require special techniques in material handling.
- the object of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing porous manganese-containing pellets which can be used as acceptors to remove sulfur from solid sulfurcontaining materials.
- the invention in its broadest aspect includes mixing a suitable amount of a carbonaceous-bearing reducing agent for example anthracite eoal, bituminous coal, coke, petroleum coke, or coke breeze, a finely divided manganese ore or concentrate and a sufficient amount of a suitable addition agent for example an alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose, balling the mixture and heating the balls at elevated temperatures to cause the carbonaceous-bearing material to partially reduce the manganese ore.
- gaseous products for example carbon dioxide
- the addition agent breaks down also, forming gaseous products, for example carbon dioxide.
- the gaseous products escaping from the interior of the pellets form voids or pores in the pellets.
- oxidic and carbonate manganese ores may be processed into pellets.
- the raw materials described above must be crushed to a suitable size; for example, such that 65 percent of the particles will pass a 325 mesh Tyler Sieve Size.
- Typical ores or concentrates which may be used in the process may have the following chemical compositions:
- the mixture is formed into balls. It may be desirable to add a small amount of a binder such as bentonite to the mixture, for example between about 5 pounds and about pounds per ton of ore to give the balls g reen strength.
- a binder such as bentonite
- the green balls are heated ata temperature and for a time sufficient to produce relatively hard pellets.
- the carbonaceous material reacts with the manganese ore to partially reduce the ore to manganous'manganite (Mno-Mn tl).
- Mno-Mn tl manganous'manganite
- Some manganous ferrite M nO- F e 0 may be formed if the ore contains sufficient iron
- Gaseous products primarily carbon dioxide, are formed in the reaction.
- the carbon methyl cellulose salt also brealts down to form gaseous products, suehas carbon dioxide.
- the gaseous products in escaping from interior of the pellets outwardly to the surface of the pellets, form minute passages or pores.
- the addition agent can be described as a pore-forming agent. Pellets produced according to the process of the invention develop a porosity of not less than about 45 percent during the heating step.
- manganese oxide can be further reduced to obtain pellets which are substantially all manganous oxide (MnO), and have a porosity of not less than about 60 percent. These pellets can then be used as sulfur acceptors to remove a portion of the sulfur in solid, sulfur-containing materials such as colre pellets, or metallized iron-ore pellets.
- the solid, sulfur-containing materials are mixed with the manganous oxide pellets. The mixture is heated at a suitable temperature, for example, between about l,l00 F. to about l,650 F. and a gas containing hydrogen is passed through the mixture. The sulfur passes from the solid, sulfur-containing material to the manganous oxide pellets.
- the amount of carbonaceous material required to partially reduce, and to assist in forming pores in the manganese ore pellets in the initial heating step may vary over a wide range, for example from about 600 pounds to about 1,000 pounds per ton of manganese ore with 800* pounds a preferred amount. Too large an amount of carbonaceous material added to the ore will result in the pellets becoming too hot causing them to fuse together to form clin'kers. Too little carbonaceous material added to the manganese ore will result in insufiicient reduction of the ore and insufficient porosity.
- the amount of decomposable addition agent which should be added may be between about 9 pounds and about l3.5 pounds per ton of manganese ore.
- the porosity of the pellets is determined by the following formula:
- true density-apparent density X true density Porosity where the apparent density is obtained by the well known mercury method and the true density is determined by the standard air pycnometer method.
- Synthetic ore mix (65% 32SMesh Tyler Sieve Sizeb 2,000 parts Anthracite coal 200-Mesh Tyler Sieve Size) 800 parts Sodium Salt ofCarboxyl Methylcellulose l2 parts Bentonlte 10 parts The mix was hailed in the conventional manner to form balls between one-quarter inch and one-half inch in diameter.
- the fired pellets developed a porosity of 52.4 percent or more.
- the major mineralogical constituent of the pellets was manganous ferrite (Mno-Fe o with the minor constituent being MnO-SiO
- a portion of the fired pellets was then activated by heating the pellets to within the temperature range of l,600l ,650 F. for from 20 to 30 minutes while carbon monoxide was passed through the bed. All of the pellets were found to have a porosity of 63.1 percent or more with the major mineralogical constituent now being manganous oxide (MnO).
- a mixture of metallized iron ore pellets and the activated manganous oxide pellets was heated at l,650 F. for 1 hour in the presence of hydrogen gas.
- the sulfur content of the metallized iron ore pellets was reduced from 0.65 to 0.28 percent and the sulfur content of the manganous oxide pellets was increased from 0.004 to 0.305 percent.
- the pellets had a porosity of not less than 51.4 percent and the major constituent as determined by X-ray identification was manganous manganite (MnO-Mn O
- the pellets were then activated by heating at 1,600 F. for 30 minutes in the presence of CO gas.
- the porosity of the pellets was found to be not less than 66.5 percent and the major constituent as determined by X-ray identification was found to be manganous oxide (MnO).
- a mixture of metallized iron ore pellets and the activated manganous oxide pellets was made.
- the bed of the mixed pellets was heated at l,650 F. for 1 hour in the presence of hydrogen gas passed therethrough.
- the sulfur content of the metallized iron ore pellets was reduced from 0.13 to 0.035 percent while the sulfur content of the manganous oxide pellets was increased from 0.005 to 0.13 percent.
- manganese oxide pellets of the invention may be used as charge material in the production of ferromanganese alloys.
- Method of manufacturing pellets consisting essentially of porous manganese oxides in which a major portion of said manganese oxides is manganous oxide and the porosity of said pellets is not less than about 45 percent comprising:
- Method of manufacturing pellets consisting essentially of porous manganese oxides, in which a major portion of said manganese oxides is manganous oxide and the porosity of said pellets is not less than about 45 percent comprising:
- Method according to claim 3 including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce substantially all the manganese oxides to manganous oxide.
- Method according to claim 4 including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufiicient to reduce the major portion of the manganese content to manganous oxide.
- step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of l,600 to l,700 F.
- step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of l,600 to l,700 F.
Abstract
Manganese oxide pellets are produced by forming a finely divided mixture of manganese ore, a carbonaceous fuel such as coke, and an addition agent which will form gaseous products on heating, and heating the balls at a temperature and for a time sufficient to partially reduce the manganese ore and obtain the required porosity. The pellets may be subjected to an additional step of heating the partially reduced pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce a major portion of the manganese content to manganous oxide.
Description
' llnite atent tates 11111111 1451 Jan. 116, 1972 [54] METHQDUF'MANUFACTURING 3,235,371 2/1966 MANGANESE OXllDE PELLETS 3,951 8/1967 3,375,097 3/1968 [72] Inventor: Vincent H. K. Chu, Bethlehem, Pa. 3,352,635 11/1967 [73] Assignee: Bethlehem Steel Corporation 34676O2 9/1969 3,486,880 12/1969 [22] Filed: July 7, 1969 OTHER PUBLICATIONS [21] Appl. No.: 839,679
Nodulization & Pelletization of Fluorite Floation Concen- Related U.S. Application Data trates by H. Kenworthy, Report of Investigations 4829, U.S. Dt. It',D.l9l, .l,4,7,9,l0&ft {62] 0111151611 or Ser. No. 642,182, May 29, 1967, abanpages of the emf BC 5 pp cloned.
Prima Examiner-Allen B. Curtis [52] U.S. Cl.... ..75/3, 23/145, 264/44 Almmg joseph O,Keefe [51] Int. Cl ..C011g 45/02 [58] Field ofSearch ..75/3,4, 80, 20 F; 23/145; [57] ABSTRACT Manganese oxide pellets are produced by forming a finely di- [56] References Cited vided mixture of manganese ore, a carbonaceous fuel such as 1 coke, and an addition agent which will form gaseous products UNITED STATES PATENTS on heating, and heating the balls at a temperature and for a time sufficient to partially reduce the manganese ore and ob- 1,109,448 9/1914 Messerschm1dt ..23/214 min the required porosity The pellets may be subjected 0 an 210851052 6/1937 Taylor 75/20 F additional step of heating the partially reduced pellets in the 2'136096 1 H1938 Benfler et "75/20 F presence ofa reducing gas at a temperature and for a time suf- 2*9l4395 1 H1959 Dawes "75/3 X ficient to reduce a major portion of the manganese content to 2,961,411 11/1960 Klugh ..75/4 X manganous Oxide 2,986,461 5/1961 Menegoz et al .....75/8O 3,219,436 11/1965 Heitmann et al 1.75/3 X 8 Claims, N0 Drawings METHOD OH MANUFACTURING MANGANESE OXIDE PELLETS CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a divisional application of my original application Ser. No. 642,l82 filed May 29, 1967 and entitled High- Porosity Manganese Oxide Pellets and Method of Manufacturing Same, abandoned for continuation, Ser. No. 871,599 filed Nov. 3. 1969, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known in the art that manganous oxide is an excellent acceptor of sulfur and may be used to remove sulfur from solid sulfur-containing materials, for example carbonaceous fuels such as coltc pellets. The manganous oxide sulfur acceptor is made from high-purity manganie oxide ores such as pyro- Iusitc, Ramsdellite and the like. Most of these ores are not readily accessible and generally must be briquetted, calcined, and crushed to a fine particle size prior to their use. Ramsdellite may, however, because of its inherent strength be calcined without briquetting after crushing the ore to a fine particle size. See US. Pat. No. 2,950,231. Because of their fine particle size, these ores require special techniques in material handling.
The object of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing porous manganese-containing pellets which can be used as acceptors to remove sulfur from solid sulfurcontaining materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention in its broadest aspect includes mixing a suitable amount of a carbonaceous-bearing reducing agent for example anthracite eoal, bituminous coal, coke, petroleum coke, or coke breeze, a finely divided manganese ore or concentrate and a sufficient amount of a suitable addition agent for example an alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose, balling the mixture and heating the balls at elevated temperatures to cause the carbonaceous-bearing material to partially reduce the manganese ore. During heating, gaseous products, for example carbon dioxide, are evolved. During this step, the addition agent breaks down also, forming gaseous products, for example carbon dioxide. The gaseous products escaping from the interior of the pellets form voids or pores in the pellets.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In a more detailed description of the invention, it has been found that oxidic and carbonate manganese ores may be processed into pellets. To pelletize these ores, the raw materials described above must be crushed to a suitable size; for example, such that 65 percent of the particles will pass a 325 mesh Tyler Sieve Size. Typical ores or concentrates which may be used in the process may have the following chemical compositions:
Mn(%l (IO-107a) Fc(%) SiO2(%) AI O CaO(%) MgO(%) C(%) salt of earboxyl methylcellulose. The mixture is formed into balls. It may be desirable to add a small amount of a binder such as bentonite to the mixture, for example between about 5 pounds and about pounds per ton of ore to give the balls g reen strength. The green balls are heated ata temperature and for a time sufficient to produce relatively hard pellets. During the heating step, the carbonaceous material reacts with the manganese ore to partially reduce the ore to manganous'manganite (Mno-Mn tl Some manganous ferrite M nO- F e 0 may be formed if the ore contains sufficient iron Gaseous products, primarily carbon dioxide, are formed in the reaction. The carbon methyl cellulose salt also brealts down to form gaseous products, suehas carbon dioxide. The gaseous products, in escaping from interior of the pellets outwardly to the surface of the pellets, form minute passages or pores. The addition agent can be described as a pore-forming agent. Pellets produced according to the process of the invention develop a porosity of not less than about 45 percent during the heating step.
It has also been found that by subjecting the pellets to a second heating step, in the presence of a reducing gas, the
manganese oxide can be further reduced to obtain pellets which are substantially all manganous oxide (MnO), and have a porosity of not less than about 60 percent. These pellets can then be used as sulfur acceptors to remove a portion of the sulfur in solid, sulfur-containing materials such as colre pellets, or metallized iron-ore pellets. The solid, sulfur-containing materials are mixed with the manganous oxide pellets. The mixture is heated at a suitable temperature, for example, between about l,l00 F. to about l,650 F. and a gas containing hydrogen is passed through the mixture. The sulfur passes from the solid, sulfur-containing material to the manganous oxide pellets.
The amount of carbonaceous material required to partially reduce, and to assist in forming pores in the manganese ore pellets in the initial heating step may vary over a wide range, for example from about 600 pounds to about 1,000 pounds per ton of manganese ore with 800* pounds a preferred amount. Too large an amount of carbonaceous material added to the ore will result in the pellets becoming too hot causing them to fuse together to form clin'kers. Too little carbonaceous material added to the manganese ore will result in insufiicient reduction of the ore and insufficient porosity.
The amount of decomposable addition agent which should be added may be between about 9 pounds and about l3.5 pounds per ton of manganese ore.
The porosity of the pellets is determined by the following formula:
true density-apparent density X true density Porosity where the apparent density is obtained by the well known mercury method and the true density is determined by the standard air pycnometer method.
In an example of the invention a synthetic ore mixture of the following analysis was used:
Mn(%) Fe(%) sio, Al 0 A balling mix was then made having the following composition:
Synthetic ore mix (65% 32SMesh Tyler Sieve Sizeb 2,000 parts Anthracite coal 200-Mesh Tyler Sieve Size) 800 parts Sodium Salt ofCarboxyl Methylcellulose l2 parts Bentonlte 10 parts The mix was hailed in the conventional manner to form balls between one-quarter inch and one-half inch in diameter.
Separate portions of the balls were fired in a muffle furnace All the fired pellets developed a porosity of 52.4 percent or more. The major mineralogical constituent of the pellets was manganous ferrite (Mno-Fe o with the minor constituent being MnO-SiO A portion of the fired pellets was then activated by heating the pellets to within the temperature range of l,600l ,650 F. for from 20 to 30 minutes while carbon monoxide was passed through the bed. All of the pellets were found to have a porosity of 63.1 percent or more with the major mineralogical constituent now being manganous oxide (MnO).
A mixture of metallized iron ore pellets and the activated manganous oxide pellets was heated at l,650 F. for 1 hour in the presence of hydrogen gas. The sulfur content of the metallized iron ore pellets was reduced from 0.65 to 0.28 percent and the sulfur content of the manganous oxide pellets was increased from 0.004 to 0.305 percent.
In another specific example of the invention a mix of the following composition was made:
Amapa ore (65% -325-mesh) (Mn content 31.5%) 2,000 parts Anthracite (200-mesh) 800 parts Sodium Salt of Carboxyl Methylcellulose 12 parts Bentonite l parts The mix was formed into balls one-quarter inch in diameter in the conventional manner. Separate portions of the balls were heated in the presence of air under the following conditions:
The pellets had a porosity of not less than 51.4 percent and the major constituent as determined by X-ray identification was manganous manganite (MnO-Mn O The pellets were then activated by heating at 1,600 F. for 30 minutes in the presence of CO gas. The porosity of the pellets was found to be not less than 66.5 percent and the major constituent as determined by X-ray identification was found to be manganous oxide (MnO).
A mixture of metallized iron ore pellets and the activated manganous oxide pellets was made. The bed of the mixed pellets was heated at l,650 F. for 1 hour in the presence of hydrogen gas passed therethrough. The sulfur content of the metallized iron ore pellets was reduced from 0.13 to 0.035 percent while the sulfur content of the manganous oxide pellets was increased from 0.005 to 0.13 percent.
It has been suggested that the manganese oxide pellets of the invention may be used as charge material in the production of ferromanganese alloys.
In this specification, wherever percentages are referred to, such percentages are by weight except as otherwise indicated.
lclaim:
1. Method of manufacturing pellets consisting essentially of porous manganese oxides in which a major portion of said manganese oxides is manganous oxide and the porosity of said pellets is not less than about 45 percent comprising:
a. preparing a finely divided mixture of manganese ore, a
carbonaceous reducing agent and a pore-fonning addition agent which will, upon heating, decompose to form gases,
b. forming the mixture into balls, and
c. heating the balls at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce a major portion of the manganese oxides to manganous oxide and to decompose said pore-forming addition agent.
2. Method according to claim 1 in which the manganese content of the ore is not less than about 30 percent.
3. Method of manufacturing pellets consisting essentially of porous manganese oxides, in which a major portion of said manganese oxides is manganous oxide and the porosity of said pellets is not less than about 45 percent comprising:
a. preparing a finely divided mixture of manganese ore, at least one carbonaceous reducing agent taken from the group consisting essentially of anthracite coal, bituminous coal, coke, coke breeze and petroleum coke, and at least one pore-forming addition agent taken from the group consisting essentially of an alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose,
b. forming the mixture into balls, and
c. heating the balls at a temperature within the range of I about 1,950 to about 2,200 F. for a time sufficient to reduce a major portion of the manganese oxides to manganous oxide and to decompose said pore-forming addition agent.
4. Method according to"claim 3 in which the manganese content of the ore is not less than about 30 percent, the amount of carbonaceous material is between 600 and 1,000 pounds per ton of ore and the amount of alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose is between 9 and 13.5 pounds per ton of ore.
5. Method according to claim 3, including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce substantially all the manganese oxides to manganous oxide.
6. Method according to claim 4, including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufiicient to reduce the major portion of the manganese content to manganous oxide.
7. Method according to claim 5 in which step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of l,600 to l,700 F.
8. Method according to claim 6 in which step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of l,600 to l,700 F.
Claims (7)
- 2. Method according to claim 1 in which the manganese content of the ore is not less than about 30 percent.
- 3. Method of manufacturing pellets consisting essentially of porous manganese oxides, in which a major portion of said manganese oxides is manganous oxide and the porosity of said pellets is not less than about 45 percent comprising: a. preparing a finely divided mixture of manganese ore, at least one carbonaceous reducing agent taken from the group consisting essentially of anthracite coal, bituminous coal, coke, coke breeze and petroleum coke, and at least one pore-forming addition agent taken from the group consisting essentially of an alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose, b. forming the mixture into balls, and c. heating the balls at a temperature within the range of about 1,950* to about 2,200* F. for a time sufficient to reduce a major portion of the manganese oxides to manganous oxide and to decompose said pore-forming addition agent.
- 4. Method according to claim 3 in which the manganese content of the ore is not less than about 30 percent, the amount of carbonaceous material is between 600 and 1,000 pounds per ton of ore and the amount of alkaline metal salt of carboxyl methylcellulose is between 9 and 13.5 pounds per ton of ore.
- 5. Method according to claim 3, including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce substantially all the manganese oxides to manganous oxide.
- 6. Method according to claim 4, including the further step of d. heating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to reduce the major portion of the manganese content to manganous oxide.
- 7. Method according to claim 5 in which step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of 1,600* to 1,700* F.
- 8. Method according to claim 6 in which step (d) is carried out in the temperature range of 1,600* to 1,700* F.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83967969A | 1969-07-07 | 1969-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3635694A true US3635694A (en) | 1972-01-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US839679A Expired - Lifetime US3635694A (en) | 1969-07-07 | 1969-07-07 | Method of manufacturing manganese oxide pellets |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US3635694A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3864118A (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1975-02-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method for producing manganese oxide pellets |
| US3942974A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1976-03-09 | Kennecott Copper Corporation | Manganese nodule pelletizing |
| US4274866A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1981-06-23 | Kennecott Copper Corporation | Flotation and sintering of synthetic manganese carbonate |
| FR2596042A1 (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-09-25 | Ballouhey Marcel | Process for the preparation of gamma manganese sesquioxide |
| EP2304062A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-04-06 | Vale S.A. | Process to produce manganese pellets from non-calcinated manganese ore and agglomerate obtained by this process |
| CN102856541A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | Negative active material, negative electrode including the same, lithium battery including negative electrode and method of preparing negative active material |
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| US1109448A (en) * | 1913-03-14 | 1914-09-01 | Anton Messerschmitt | Manufacture of hydrogen. |
| US2085052A (en) * | 1932-04-09 | 1937-06-29 | Celanese Corp | Production of porous materials |
| US2136096A (en) * | 1935-07-01 | 1938-11-08 | Carborundum Co | Cellular insulating refractory |
| US2914395A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1959-11-24 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Preparation of material for sintering |
| US2961411A (en) * | 1954-08-06 | 1960-11-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for producing metallurgical furnace charge material |
| US2986461A (en) * | 1957-12-21 | 1961-05-30 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Manufacture of refined manganese |
| US3219436A (en) * | 1962-06-30 | 1965-11-23 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method for reducing iron oxides into sponge iron |
| US3235371A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1966-02-15 | Control Of Michigan College Of | Agglomerated mineral products and method of making same |
| US3333951A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1967-08-01 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Metallized pellets |
| US3352635A (en) * | 1963-05-31 | 1967-11-14 | Machin William Dean | Process for the preparation of metal oxides having an enlarged pore volume |
| US3375097A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1968-03-26 | Manganese Chemicals Corp | Reducing to mno the mno2 of a manganese ore |
| US3467602A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1969-09-16 | Air Prod & Chem | Preparing porous refractory oxides by adding and removing polypropylene microspheres |
| US3486880A (en) * | 1967-12-07 | 1969-12-30 | Dravo Corp | Heat indurated compacts of manganese ore and process of making same |
-
1969
- 1969-07-07 US US839679A patent/US3635694A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1109448A (en) * | 1913-03-14 | 1914-09-01 | Anton Messerschmitt | Manufacture of hydrogen. |
| US2085052A (en) * | 1932-04-09 | 1937-06-29 | Celanese Corp | Production of porous materials |
| US2136096A (en) * | 1935-07-01 | 1938-11-08 | Carborundum Co | Cellular insulating refractory |
| US2961411A (en) * | 1954-08-06 | 1960-11-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for producing metallurgical furnace charge material |
| US2914395A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1959-11-24 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Preparation of material for sintering |
| US2986461A (en) * | 1957-12-21 | 1961-05-30 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Manufacture of refined manganese |
| US3219436A (en) * | 1962-06-30 | 1965-11-23 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method for reducing iron oxides into sponge iron |
| US3235371A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1966-02-15 | Control Of Michigan College Of | Agglomerated mineral products and method of making same |
| US3352635A (en) * | 1963-05-31 | 1967-11-14 | Machin William Dean | Process for the preparation of metal oxides having an enlarged pore volume |
| US3333951A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1967-08-01 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Metallized pellets |
| US3375097A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1968-03-26 | Manganese Chemicals Corp | Reducing to mno the mno2 of a manganese ore |
| US3467602A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1969-09-16 | Air Prod & Chem | Preparing porous refractory oxides by adding and removing polypropylene microspheres |
| US3486880A (en) * | 1967-12-07 | 1969-12-30 | Dravo Corp | Heat indurated compacts of manganese ore and process of making same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Nodulization & Pelletization of Fluorite Floation Concentrates by H. Kenworthy, Report of Investigations 4829, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Dec. 1951, pp. 1, 4, 7, 9, 10 & front pages. * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3864118A (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1975-02-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method for producing manganese oxide pellets |
| US3942974A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1976-03-09 | Kennecott Copper Corporation | Manganese nodule pelletizing |
| US4274866A (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1981-06-23 | Kennecott Copper Corporation | Flotation and sintering of synthetic manganese carbonate |
| FR2596042A1 (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-09-25 | Ballouhey Marcel | Process for the preparation of gamma manganese sesquioxide |
| EP2304062A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-04-06 | Vale S.A. | Process to produce manganese pellets from non-calcinated manganese ore and agglomerate obtained by this process |
| EP2304062A4 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2014-06-04 | Vale Sa | Process to produce manganese pellets from non-calcinated manganese ore and agglomerate obtained by this process |
| AP3651A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2016-04-01 | Vale Sa | Process to produce manganese pellets from non-calcinated manganese ore and agglomerate obtained by this process |
| CN102856541A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | Negative active material, negative electrode including the same, lithium battery including negative electrode and method of preparing negative active material |
| US20130004850A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Negative active material, negative electrode including the same, lithium battery including negative electrode and method of preparing negative active material |
| US9790091B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2017-10-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Negative active material including manganese oxides, negative electrode including the same, lithium battery including negative electrode and method of preparing negative active material |
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