US3634014A - Atmospheric pressure dyeboarding process - Google Patents
Atmospheric pressure dyeboarding process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3634014A US3634014A US837874A US3634014DA US3634014A US 3634014 A US3634014 A US 3634014A US 837874 A US837874 A US 837874A US 3634014D A US3634014D A US 3634014DA US 3634014 A US3634014 A US 3634014A
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- dye
- dyed
- hosiery
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 39
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N disperse red 11 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(N)C(OC)=CC(N)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000634 wood's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOCYGZAHYQXJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)anilino]-5-nitroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(CCO)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(O)C2=C1C(=O)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC(O)=C1C2=O VOCYGZAHYQXJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXFWUZKOOWWFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-4-(methylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCO)=CC=C2NC NLXFWUZKOOWWFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGKYEIFFSOPYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)diazenyl]phenol Chemical compound Cc1cc(ccc1O)N=Nc1ccc(cc1)N=Nc1ccccc1 VGKYEIFFSOPYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphor Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002421 finishing Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000988 sulfur dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
- D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
- D06P1/922—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
- D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
- D06P1/928—Solvents other than hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
- D06P3/26—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using dispersed dyestuffs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
- D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
- D06P5/2094—Thermic treatments of textile materials by molten masses
Definitions
- Field ABSTRACT The dyeing of textile materials by first contacting the same with a liquid dye bath which may be either aque ous or essentially nonaqueous and which is maintained at an elevated temperature and then passing the dyed textile goods through a bath of molten metal maintained at a sufficiently elevated temperature that the aqueous portion of the dye bath liquid retained in the goods is converted to vapor and is completely reacted with the goods before the dyed goods leave the bath of molten metal, whereby the goods are expeditiously dyed and the dye liquid is completely exhausted without recourse to the use of superatmospheric pressures. Furthermore, the spent dye liquid no longer presents a pollution problem in the form in which it is discharged from the process.
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEBOARDING PROCESS This invention relates to the dyeing and setting of hosiery and other textile products. More particularly, it relates to procedures whereby such processes may be carried out at atmospheric pressure, expeditiously and in an automatic manner.
- the hosiery is dyed and then steam treated at the same temperature.
- material to be dyed is passed through an aqueous dye liquor containing vat and sulfur dyes and then into a bath of molten metal maintained at a temperature below which any substantial ebullition of the aqueous dye liquid occurs.
- the present invention departs from such prior art processes particularly with reference to the temperatures of the dye liquor, the compositions of the dye liquor and the temperatures of the molten metal bath.
- the process of the present invention presents a number of advantages and distinctions from such prior art processes in which a molten metal bath has been utilized for the treatment of textile materials.
- the mo]- ten metal tends to keep the dye liquid in physical contact with the goods, since the dye liquor is incompatible with the molten metal especially when the dye liquid becomes a vapor, as it does when heated to a sufficient temperature, the temperature of the metal bath.
- the hosiery is put on a form and is dyed at a high temperature, e.g. above about 160 F., in a dye bath which contains water or above about 212 F., in a dye bath containing only a small amount of water.
- a high temperature e.g. above about 160 F.
- a dye bath which contains water or above about 212 F.
- the boiling point of the dye bath is required to be lower than the boarding temperature.
- Suitable dye bath compositions include, in addition to somewhat limited amounts of water, polyhydric alcohols, disperse or other dyes, solvents, wetting agents, finishing agents and the like, as described in the illustrative examples which follow.
- the hosiery may be dyed continuously in either of two ways.
- the hosiery or other goods can be dyed without forms simply by attaching the goods to clips on a cable propelled through the dye liquor and out again with an immersion time of from l to 1 minute, or the goods to be dyed may be held flat between moving open mesh conveyor belts which carry the hosiery or other goods through the dyebath. Immersion time is from A to 1 minute.
- the mesh is sufficiently open to permit intimate contact of the dye liquor with the goods to be dyed. Movement of the goods through the dye bath eliminates the need for agitation. Any suitable means for conveying materials to be dyed through a dye bath either on forms or in an unboarded condition may be used.
- hosiery is traditionally boarded at 235 to 243 F. for type 6 nylon and at 250 to 260 F. for type 66 nylon. This is done by placing dyed hosiery on boarding forms having the shape of finished stockings and subjecting them to saturated steam at the appropriate temperature to cause the stretch oriented yarn to relax until it shrinks to fit the form. Cooling before stripping causes hosiery to retain the shape of the boarding form. Dry heat dehydrates the nylon; therefore, saturated steam is almost always used in boarding. It will be apparent from the high temperatures involved that boarding must be done batchwise in heavy vessels under pressure and as a result no continuous commercial process has been developed.
- post-boarding is accomplished at high temperatures, e.g. 2050 F. higher than the temperature in the dyeing step, and at atmospheric pressure, by immersing the boarding form, with the freshly dyed hosiery on it, into a melt of low melting bismuth alloy, Woods metal or similar alloys.
- the essential temperature requirement of the molten metal bath is that when the form is removed from the melt of low-melting metal alloy, the form is hotter than the boiling point of the dye liquor.
- any dye liquor remaining on the goods flashes off as a vapor when the boarding form is withdrawn from the molten metal bath and hence no drying is required subsequent thereto.
- the vaporized constituents comprising the dye bath can be condensed and recovered, if desired, in order to improve the economics of the process.
- the present invention permits continuous or batchwise boarding or setting of hosiery at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of saturated steam without the need for complex and expensive pressure vessels.
- the alloys used must have a melting point below the temperature of the dyebath so that wet hosiery entering the body of molten metal will not freeze" the metal.
- the alloy bath must be maintained at a high enough temperature to effect boarding or setting of the dyed goods.
- Hosiery or other goods enter the alloy bath on boarding forms or on the conveyor mentioned previously.
- the wet" goods from an essentially aqueous dye bath are at a temperature of 210 F. or below, while goods from essentially nonaqueous dye baths may be higher.
- the alloy bath being at 235 to 260 starts to heat the wet" goods, and the liquid present vaporizes, any water present turns to steam.
- the steam or other vapor which forms is incompatible with the molten alloy and, therefore, stays in contact with the goods.
- the vapors rapidly reach the alloy bath temperature of 235 to 260 F. without the need for external pressure.
- the dyed goods therefore, by being in contact with hot saturated steam, are satisfactorily boarded or set in from 5 to 10 seconds.
- the hot vapors Upon emergence of the goods from the bath, the hot vapors flash off into the air where they may be exhausted or condensed for reuse. After the vapors have flashed off, a completely dry stocking remains.
- Ethomeen 18/60 a stearylamine containing 50 mols of ethylene oxide sold under the name of Ethomeen 18/60. This is a waxy product melting at 1 10 F. which is cationic.
- Ethomeen 18/60 causes it to coat the fibers with a uniform film, imparts a smooth waxy hand to the hosiery and, because it is cationic, the stockings have the additional advantage of being antistatic.
- aqueous dyebath composition which will thoroughly scour and dye sheer nylon hosiery in 1 minute or less is as follows:
- Relative Proportions as needed for Disperse Red 43 C.l. 26l05 correct shade Disperse Blue 27 C.I. 77520 Disperse Yellow l2 C].
- Dyeing is rapid, less than 1 minute as compared with l to 2 hours in conventional rotary tubs. Automatic dyeboarders can accomplish the same rapidity, but only in expensive pressure vessels with high-pressure pumps.
- Triton CF-2 l The dyeing process does not generate waste liquor, as contrasted with one presently known automatic dyeboarder which discharges 13 gallons of effluent for every 60 stockings processed.
- the invention requires no steam boilers. It is known in the hosiery industry that hosiery and boarding forms are continuously ruined by boiler carryover, steam condensate or boiler chemicals contacting hosiery and forms during the steaming cycle.
- the invention offers flexibility over prior art automatic dyeboarding processes, since high production rates are maintained in which the hosiery may either be boarded or simply relaxed.
- the invention provides flexibility in the application of finishes to hosiery as this is preferably done in a step completely separate from the dyeing step.
- the invention produces dry hosiery without the need for a separate drying step, as is necessary with rotary tub dyeing or with automatic dyeboarding.
- a process in which a heat settable textile is set which comprises:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Abstract
The dyeing of textile materials by first contacting the same with a liquid dye bath which may be either aqueous or essentially nonaqueous and which is maintained at an elevated temperature and then passing the dyed textile goods through a bath of molten metal maintained at a sufficiently elevated temperature that the aqueous portion of the dye bath liquid retained in the goods is converted to vapor and is completely reacted with the goods before the dyed goods leave the bath of molten metal, whereby the goods are expeditiously dyed and the dye liquid is completely exhausted without recourse to the use of superatmospheric pressures. Furthermore, the spent dye liquid no longer presents a pollution problem in the form in which it is discharged from the process.
Description
United States Patent [72] Inventor Martin S. Maltenfort Blue Ball Road, Route 3, Elkton, Md. 21921 [21] Appl. No. 837,874 [22] Filed June 30, 1969 [45] Patented Jan. 11, 1972 [54] ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEBOARDING PROCESS 3 Claims, No Drawings [52] U.S.Cl 8/18, 8/130.1, 8/17, 264/346 [51] Int. Cl 006p 5/00 [50] Field ofSearch 8/130.l, 1,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,377,517 5/1921 Novatny 264/347 2,102,794 12/1937 Gibbs 28/1 2,125,827 8/1938 Turkington. 8/1 UX 2,663,612 12/1953 Gibson 8/176 X 11/1954 Hannay et a1 8/34 OTHER REFERENCES White, American Dyestuff Reporter, July 3, 1967, pages 59l-597,TP890A5l2 Primary Examiner- Donald Levy Attorney- Lawrence 1. Field ABSTRACT: The dyeing of textile materials by first contacting the same with a liquid dye bath which may be either aque ous or essentially nonaqueous and which is maintained at an elevated temperature and then passing the dyed textile goods through a bath of molten metal maintained at a sufficiently elevated temperature that the aqueous portion of the dye bath liquid retained in the goods is converted to vapor and is completely reacted with the goods before the dyed goods leave the bath of molten metal, whereby the goods are expeditiously dyed and the dye liquid is completely exhausted without recourse to the use of superatmospheric pressures. Furthermore, the spent dye liquid no longer presents a pollution problem in the form in which it is discharged from the process.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEBOARDING PROCESS This invention relates to the dyeing and setting of hosiery and other textile products. More particularly, it relates to procedures whereby such processes may be carried out at atmospheric pressure, expeditiously and in an automatic manner.
In one presently known procedure for automatic dyeboarding as it is presently practiced, stockings are put on forms, the forms are conveyed into a pressure cabinet where they are dyed under superatmospheric pressures by spraying dye liquid onto the hosiery while it is subject to superatmospheric pres sure in the cabinet. The dyed goods are then exposed to steam at temperatures equal to or higher than the temperature at which dyeing was accomplished, after which they are dried.
In other known procedures, the hosiery is dyed and then steam treated at the same temperature.
ln another known process described in US. Pat. NOs. 2,693,995 and 3,077,370 and others, material to be dyed is passed through an aqueous dye liquor containing vat and sulfur dyes and then into a bath of molten metal maintained at a temperature below which any substantial ebullition of the aqueous dye liquid occurs.
The present invention departs from such prior art processes particularly with reference to the temperatures of the dye liquor, the compositions of the dye liquor and the temperatures of the molten metal bath.
The process of the present invention presents a number of advantages and distinctions from such prior art processes in which a molten metal bath has been utilized for the treatment of textile materials.
When a molten metal or alloy bath constitutes the heating medium, a number of advantages are obtained, including rapid and uniform heating of the goods being treated, the mo]- ten metal tends to keep the dye liquid in physical contact with the goods, since the dye liquor is incompatible with the molten metal especially when the dye liquid becomes a vapor, as it does when heated to a sufficient temperature, the temperature of the metal bath.
In one aspect of the present invention, the hosiery is put on a form and is dyed at a high temperature, e.g. above about 160 F., in a dye bath which contains water or above about 212 F., in a dye bath containing only a small amount of water. The boiling point of the dye bath is required to be lower than the boarding temperature. Suitable dye bath compositions include, in addition to somewhat limited amounts of water, polyhydric alcohols, disperse or other dyes, solvents, wetting agents, finishing agents and the like, as described in the illustrative examples which follow.
The following description of preferred embodiments of this invention is to be considered as illustrating the same and is not intended to limit the invention in any way.
ln the practice of the present invention, as it would be applied to hosiery, for example, the hosiery may be dyed continuously in either of two ways.
For hosiery which must be boarded to shape, stockings must be placed on boarding forms. These forms must retain their integrity at the temperature of the molten metal alloy bath and the forms must be nonreactive with the molten metal alloy bath. Polytetrafluoroethylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene are examples of plastic materials which may be used. Aluminum and stainless steel are acceptable metals which may be used. Forms dressed with hosiery are immersed in the dyebath for 30 seconds to 1 minute. To assure uniformity, either the dye liquor can be agitated or the forms can be moved in the liquor so as to continually bring fresh dye liquor into contact with the goods being dyed.
For processing stretch" hosiery or other goods which do not have to be boarded, the hosiery or other goods can be dyed without forms simply by attaching the goods to clips on a cable propelled through the dye liquor and out again with an immersion time of from l to 1 minute, or the goods to be dyed may be held flat between moving open mesh conveyor belts which carry the hosiery or other goods through the dyebath. Immersion time is from A to 1 minute. The mesh is sufficiently open to permit intimate contact of the dye liquor with the goods to be dyed. Movement of the goods through the dye bath eliminates the need for agitation. Any suitable means for conveying materials to be dyed through a dye bath either on forms or in an unboarded condition may be used.
Either before or following dyeing, hosiery is traditionally boarded at 235 to 243 F. for type 6 nylon and at 250 to 260 F. for type 66 nylon. This is done by placing dyed hosiery on boarding forms having the shape of finished stockings and subjecting them to saturated steam at the appropriate temperature to cause the stretch oriented yarn to relax until it shrinks to fit the form. Cooling before stripping causes hosiery to retain the shape of the boarding form. Dry heat dehydrates the nylon; therefore, saturated steam is almost always used in boarding. It will be apparent from the high temperatures involved that boarding must be done batchwise in heavy vessels under pressure and as a result no continuous commercial process has been developed.
In the present invention, post-boarding is accomplished at high temperatures, e.g. 2050 F. higher than the temperature in the dyeing step, and at atmospheric pressure, by immersing the boarding form, with the freshly dyed hosiery on it, into a melt of low melting bismuth alloy, Woods metal or similar alloys. The essential temperature requirement of the molten metal bath is that when the form is removed from the melt of low-melting metal alloy, the form is hotter than the boiling point of the dye liquor. As a result, any dye liquor remaining on the goods flashes off as a vapor when the boarding form is withdrawn from the molten metal bath and hence no drying is required subsequent thereto. The vaporized constituents comprising the dye bath can be condensed and recovered, if desired, in order to improve the economics of the process.
The present invention permits continuous or batchwise boarding or setting of hosiery at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of saturated steam without the need for complex and expensive pressure vessels.
This is achieved by boarding or setting the goods in a bath of low melting metal alloy such as the bismuth alloys sold as Cer robend which melts at 136 F. or as Cerrosafe which melts at -190 F. The alloys used must have a melting point below the temperature of the dyebath so that wet hosiery entering the body of molten metal will not freeze" the metal. The alloy bath must be maintained at a high enough temperature to effect boarding or setting of the dyed goods.
Hosiery or other goods enter the alloy bath on boarding forms or on the conveyor mentioned previously. The wet" goods from an essentially aqueous dye bath are at a temperature of 210 F. or below, while goods from essentially nonaqueous dye baths may be higher. The alloy bath being at 235 to 260 starts to heat the wet" goods, and the liquid present vaporizes, any water present turns to steam. The steam or other vapor which forms is incompatible with the molten alloy and, therefore, stays in contact with the goods. The vapors rapidly reach the alloy bath temperature of 235 to 260 F. without the need for external pressure. The dyed goods, therefore, by being in contact with hot saturated steam, are satisfactorily boarded or set in from 5 to 10 seconds.
Upon emergence of the goods from the bath, the hot vapors flash off into the air where they may be exhausted or condensed for reuse. After the vapors have flashed off, a completely dry stocking remains.
Furthermore, it has been found that the goods leaving the dyebath are wet with liquor containing unexhausted dyes. lt has been found that dyes continue to exhaust to completion during the vaporizing cycle, and since all parts of the goods are wet with dye liquid and heated approximately equal, unlevel dyeing does not occur.
Continuous exposure of the molten alloy bath is detrimental as oxidation produces a scum on the surface. In addition, hosiery processed without coating the fibers with a finish are flimsy and have poor snag resistance. To avoid these difficulties a film of a low melting waxy or resinous material is floated Disperse Blue 3 C.l. 6l505 on the molten alloy to prevent exposure to or contact with the air. Goods entering and leaving the bath through this layer will be thoroughly coated with wax or resin upon vaporization of the dye liquor and this further enhances the product.
Many materials, such as high molecular weight glycols, may form the air insulating layer on the surface of the alloy bath. However, I prefer to use a stearylamine containing 50 mols of ethylene oxide sold under the name of Ethomeen 18/60. This is a waxy product melting at 1 10 F. which is cationic. The cationic nature of Ethomeen 18/60 causes it to coat the fibers with a uniform film, imparts a smooth waxy hand to the hosiery and, because it is cationic, the stockings have the additional advantage of being antistatic.
The following are two exemplary formulations of dye baths which may be used in the present process, although many other well known dye baths may also be used without departing from the teachings of the invention.
An aqueous dyebath composition which will thoroughly scour and dye sheer nylon hosiery in 1 minute or less is as follows:
Disperse Red l C.|. l l I 10 Relative Proportions as needed for Disperse Yellow 3 Cl. H855 Correct Shade 12 mol polyethoxyalkyl phenol surfactant*l g./gallon low foaming nonionic alkyl aryl polyether surfactant** l g./gallon water to make I gallon A nonflammable solvent based dye bath composition containing only a very small amount of water is as follows:
Relative Proportions as needed for Disperse Red 43 C.l. 26l05 correct shade Disperse Blue 27 C.I. 77520 Disperse Yellow l2 C]. 24895 12 mol polyethoxyalkyl phenol surfactant*l g./gal. solvent low foaming nonionic alkyl aryl polyether surfactant**l g./gal. solvent Water-2O g./gal. solvent Solvent to make 1 gallon (The solvent may be trichloroethylene; perchlorethylene; l, l l
- trichloroethane; other possible solvents include hydrocarbons, alcohols, glycols, esters and ketones).
From the preceding description, the following advantages of the present invention are believed to have been made apparent:
1. Dyeing is rapid, less than 1 minute as compared with l to 2 hours in conventional rotary tubs. Automatic dyeboarders can accomplish the same rapidity, but only in expensive pressure vessels with high-pressure pumps.
Hyonic PIE-I20,
" Triton CF-2 l 2. The dyeing process does not generate waste liquor, as contrasted with one presently known automatic dyeboarder which discharges 13 gallons of effluent for every 60 stockings processed.
3. The process requires little heat, for once the system is at equilibrium the only heat needed is to make up heat losses from the tanks and to heat up added dye liquor and the hosiery being processed. In a dyeboarder or tub, all water must be heated every cycle as it is dumped usually after each cycle.
4. The invention requires no steam boilers. It is known in the hosiery industry that hosiery and boarding forms are continuously ruined by boiler carryover, steam condensate or boiler chemicals contacting hosiery and forms during the steaming cycle.
5. Since no superatmospheric pressure is involved in the process of the present invention, hence no heavy pressure vessels, seals, pumps, etc., required of pressure dyeboarding are used.
6. The invention offers flexibility over prior art automatic dyeboarding processes, since high production rates are maintained in which the hosiery may either be boarded or simply relaxed.
7. The invention provides flexibility in the application of finishes to hosiery as this is preferably done in a step completely separate from the dyeing step.
8. The invention produces dry hosiery without the need for a separate drying step, as is necessary with rotary tub dyeing or with automatic dyeboarding.
9. Other advantages and economies of operation will undoubtedly be apparent where particular operating conditions exist.
Having now described preferred embodiments of the invention, it is not intended that it be limited, except as may be required by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A process in which a heat settable textile is set, which comprises:
uniformly heating said textile while wet with an aqueous dye liquor, by passing said wet textile through a bath of molten metal maintained at a temperature of at least about 235 F. and above the boiling point of the aqueous liquor with which said textile is wetted, thereby causing said textile to be set in an atmosphere of steam, evolved when the aqueous liquor on said textile is vaporized when said textile is immersed in said molten metal.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the textile being processed is on a form while it is being processed.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the textile being processed is withdrawn through a layer of wax or resinous material superimposed on at least a portion of the bath of molten metal.
Claims (2)
- 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the textile being processed is on a form while it is being processed.
- 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the textile being processed is withdrawn through a layer of wax or resinous material superimposed on at least a portion of the bath of molten metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US83787469A | 1969-06-30 | 1969-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3634014A true US3634014A (en) | 1972-01-11 |
Family
ID=25275678
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US837874A Expired - Lifetime US3634014A (en) | 1969-06-30 | 1969-06-30 | Atmospheric pressure dyeboarding process |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3634014A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3954394A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-05-04 | Meier Windhorst Christian A | Method for the combined precleaning texture formation and stabilization and coloring of textile materials |
US3958934A (en) * | 1973-06-05 | 1976-05-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Rapid fixation of disperse dyes on synthetic polymers |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1377517A (en) * | 1919-10-23 | 1921-05-10 | John Stogdell Stokes | Method of and apparatus for molding plastic articles |
US2102794A (en) * | 1935-03-16 | 1937-12-21 | Celanese Corp | Method and device of treating articles containing organic derivatives of cellulose |
US2125827A (en) * | 1936-12-24 | 1938-08-02 | Bakelite Corp | Coating articles |
US2663612A (en) * | 1950-05-10 | 1953-12-22 | Du Pont | Process for coloring hydrophobic fiber |
US2693995A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | Process and apparatus for dyeing or performing related |
-
1969
- 1969-06-30 US US837874A patent/US3634014A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2693995A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | Process and apparatus for dyeing or performing related | ||
US1377517A (en) * | 1919-10-23 | 1921-05-10 | John Stogdell Stokes | Method of and apparatus for molding plastic articles |
US2102794A (en) * | 1935-03-16 | 1937-12-21 | Celanese Corp | Method and device of treating articles containing organic derivatives of cellulose |
US2125827A (en) * | 1936-12-24 | 1938-08-02 | Bakelite Corp | Coating articles |
US2663612A (en) * | 1950-05-10 | 1953-12-22 | Du Pont | Process for coloring hydrophobic fiber |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
White, American Dyestuff Reporter, July 3, 1967, pages 591 597, TP890A512. * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3954394A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-05-04 | Meier Windhorst Christian A | Method for the combined precleaning texture formation and stabilization and coloring of textile materials |
US3958934A (en) * | 1973-06-05 | 1976-05-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Rapid fixation of disperse dyes on synthetic polymers |
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