US3620177A - Rubbish incinerator - Google Patents

Rubbish incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3620177A
US3620177A US873312A US3620177DA US3620177A US 3620177 A US3620177 A US 3620177A US 873312 A US873312 A US 873312A US 3620177D A US3620177D A US 3620177DA US 3620177 A US3620177 A US 3620177A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
grate
shaft
fuel
plunger
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US873312A
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English (en)
Inventor
Knud Giede Boving
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3620177A publication Critical patent/US3620177A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace for incineration of rubbish or similar fuel.
  • the furnace consists of a fire box provided with a vent opening and ending at the bottom in a rigid incinerator grate, along which the fuel is conveyed from one end to the other, and provided after the incinerator grate with a burn-up grate arranged, for instance, as a dump grate for periodically dumping of slag and similar unburnt material.
  • the grates are supplied from below with combustion air under pressure from air chambers beneath the grates.
  • Fuel is fed into the furnace from a shaft arranged opposite the inlet end of the incinerator grate and outside the fire-box.
  • the shaft is open at the top and provided with a feed hopper or magazine.
  • the bottom of the shaft is on a level with the grate.
  • the shaft is provided with an inlet opening in the side facing the fire-box.
  • the opening extends from the bottom of the shaft up to approximately the upper level of the desired thickness of the fuel layer.
  • the width of the opening is adapted to the width of the grate.
  • the fuel slides by gravitation on to the grate from the shaft, which is filled to a level above the upper edge of the side opening.
  • the fuel arranges itself with its surface running continuously according to the natural declivity or sloping descent of the material from the upper edge of the opening towards the discharge end of the grate.
  • the thickness of the fuel layer decreases heavily towards the discharge end in a manner that is detrimental to a uniform incineration and the regulation of supply of air through the grate.
  • the incineration capacity of the furnace is reduced.
  • the rubbish usually contains parts of highly varying sizes, some of them very large, which impedes the formation of a natural declivity and is even likely to cause partial blocking up of the inlet opening for the fuel.
  • a principally hydraulically operated box-shaped stoker plunger or pusher which is capable of sliding backwards and forwards, is carried tight-fitting through the side of the shaft opposite the inlet opening of the fire-box at the bottom of the shaft.
  • the plunger is capable of sliding along the bottom of the shaft and, like a plunger piston, pushing the fuel before the end surface of the stoker plunger towards the inlet opening and on to the grate.
  • the height dimension of the plunger nited States Patent is smaller, principally considerably smaller, than the height of the inlet opening of the fire-box.
  • the invention results in the achievement of better conditions of efiicient combustion, for which reason, among other things, the furnace can be made shorter and consequently cheaper and so as to require less space than would otherwise have been the case.
  • the invention further results in the advantage that it will be possible to empty the shaft entirely of its contents of fuel, for which purpose certain of the subsequent supplementary arrangements according to the invention have principally been made in order to avoid false draught or blowback of smoke gases through the fuel shaft.
  • the stoker plunger may be hollow and connected with a source of compressed air and further provided with openings, principally in its end surface, for injection of fresh air into the quantity of fuel present in the lower part of the shaft.
  • the width of the stoker plunger may also correspond to the width of the shaft, so that in its forward position the plunger will fill the cross section of the bottom of the shaft.
  • the incinerator grate is arranged with a suitable declivity so as to facilitate the conveyance of the fuel along it to the burn-up grate, which is usually arranged at a lower level. Since great variations are likely in the composition of the fuel or the rubbish, and consequently also in its natural declivity, it is expedient for the declivity of the incinerator grate to be adjustable.
  • the incinerator grate may be supported by straightforward means, resting rigidly at its inlet end on a solid support and having its outlet end sliding on a support adjustable in height. As a result of this sliding support of its outlet end, the grate is allowed to expand and shrink freely in connection with temperature changes.
  • an induced draught ventilator may be installed in a way actually known to the art in the vent pipe leading from the furnace to the chimney.
  • a hydraulically operated sliding door may be provided according to the invention for an essentially airtight sealing of the top of the shaft between the fuel shaft and its feed hopper, the movement of the said sliding door being controlled by a loading device, for instance a crane, serving to fill fuel into the hopper.
  • the space beneath the incinerator grate may constitute one air chamber, and the space beneath the burn-up grate another air chamber, each of the said air chambers being supplied from its separate blower.
  • the said stoker plunger may suitably according to the invention be connected with the air chamber under the incinerator grate with a view to its supply with compressed air.
  • the single figure on the drawing represents a longitudinal sectional view through the plant.
  • reference numeral 1 represents a rubbish pit and reference numeral 2 a slewing crane provided with a loading grab.
  • the actual furnace is designated 3 collectively and consists of a block of brickwork or other known construction structure provided with the necessary fireresistant lining, the ends being designed with a fuel shaft 6 open at the top and a fire-box 7, which at the rear via a fire bridge 24 is connected with a secondary combustion chamber 9, and through the latter with the furnace vent opening 25.
  • the firebox is bounded by a stationary incinerator grate 13 and a burn-up grate 14 designed as a double-leafed dump grate, which is arranged at a considerably lower level than the grate 13, the part of the fire box located over the burn-up grate forming a kind of burn-up shaft.
  • a closed air chamber 16 is arranged, which is supplied with compressed air from a blower 15, and under the grate 14 is a similar closed air chamber 18, which is supplied with compressed air from a blower 17, and which is arranged for accommodating a slag cart 28 or other means for disposing of unburnt material.
  • a connecting opening 26 which is rectangular with a curved top edge, the lower edge of the said opening being flush with, respectively formed by the upper side of the grate 13 and the bottom of the shaft 6, which is designed with a wear plate 12 of cast iron.
  • the curved design of the upper edge of the opening serves to obtain a suitable spread in lateral direction of the fuel fed on to the grate.
  • an electrically controlled hydraulically sliding stoker plunger or pusher designed as a hollow box, which is capable of sliding backwards and forwards along the wear plate 12, its end surface being provided with exhaust nozzles 11 for compressed air, which is supplied to the plunger through a hose 27 and a tube 27' from the air chamber 16.
  • the fuel rubbish in the shaft which is fed into the shaft by means of the crane 2 through a feed hopper 4 mounted on the top of the shaft passes through the opening 26 into the fire-box 7.
  • the combustion gases pass through the opening 24 above the fire bridge 24, close to which air nozzles 19 are arranged in the side walls of the fire-box for injection of secondary air, and into the secondary combustion chamber 9, where secondary combustion takes place by means of the secondary air injection. Further there is a precipitation of coarse fiy ash particles, the chamber being dimensioned so as to make the rate of flow comparatively slow, and its bottom being depressed in relation to the vent opening 25 so as to constitute a pit from which the ash precipitation can be removed through a door not shown.
  • the smoke passes through a boiler 20 or other heat exchanger, which suitably is arranged with separate supplementary oil-fired heating, and from here through a cyclone 21 for further separation of fly ash and through an induced draught blower 22, from which the smoke is sent out through the chimney 23 of the plant.
  • a horizontally sliding, hydraulically operated sliding door which can seal off the shaft tightly, and which is controlled by the crane 2 in such a way as to expose the opening between the hopper 4 and the shaft 6 when the crane has swung its grab in over the hopper, while closing the opening at all other positions of the crane.
  • the grate 13 consists of grate bars or grate sections 13 suspended on a frame 13" by a rigid suspension on a steel section at one end and a sliding suspension on a tube at the other end.
  • the frame is pivotally supported at the inlet end of the grate and supported for vertical sliding at the outlet end on an adjustable support not shown in detail.
  • the suction side of the blowers 15 and 17 or either of them may be connected with the rubbish pit 1 so as to suck air from the latter, creating a certain partial vacuum, which will prevent spread of stench to the surroundings.
  • a gas burner for instance for propane, is arranged in the side of the fire-box in a way known to the art.
  • the furnace may be arranged in an essentially different manner, if only it provides for the stoker or pusher feed of the fuel or rubbish characteristic of the invention, with or without injection of air through the plunger.
  • the further characteristics stated in the following claims all serve to support the effect obtained through the arrangement of the pusher feed of the fuel or rubbish, respectively to remedy the drawbacks in connection with this arrangement.
  • Furnace for incineration of rubbish or similar fuel consisting of a fire-box, means forming a vent opening provided with said fire-box, a rigid incinerator grate located at the fire-box ending at the bottom and along which the fuel is conveyed from one end to the other, a burn-up grate provided after the incinerator grate and arranged for instance as a dump grate for periodical dumping of slag and similar unburnt material, means for air supply also forming air chambers arranged under said grates and from which said grates are supplied from below with combustion air under pressure, a shaft from which fuel is supplied and arranged opposite the inlet end of the incinerator grate and outside the fire-box, the said shaft being open at the top and provided with a feed hopper or magazine, the bottom of said shaft being on a level with the grate, and means forming an inlet opening with the said shaft and being provided in the side facing the firebox, the said opening extending from the bottom of the shaft up to approximately
  • Furnace according to claim '1 where means are provided dividing the space under the grate into several separate air chambers, the space beneath the incinerator grate constituting one air chamber, and the space beneath the burn-up grate another air chamber, each of which said air chambers is supplied from its separate blower.
  • Furnace according to claim 2 the hollow stoker plunger or pusher being connected with the air chamber under the incinerator grate for its supply with compressed air.
  • a quadrangular fuel shaft is provided at the top with a feed hopper with an interposed sliding seal controlled by a loading crane, the bottom of the said shaft being formed by a wear plate, along which wear plate a hydraulically sliding hollow stoker plunger or pusher built into the side of the shaft and provided with exhaust openings can be pushed towards an opening in the opposite side of the shaft and into the fire-box of the furnace, the said fire-box ending to the rear in a fire bridge, which, while holding free an opening serves as a partition for a secondary combustion chamber, close to which said opening air nozzles are provided in the side walls of the fire-box for injection of secondary air, the fire-box ending at the bottom in a rigid incinerator grate with adjustable declivity, and a burn-up grate arranged as a dump grate, an air chamber, respectively and being provided under each of the said grates, the air chambers being supplied with compressed air from blowers, respectively and the chamber being connected through a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US873312A 1968-11-04 1969-11-03 Rubbish incinerator Expired - Lifetime US3620177A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK535068AA DK122141B (da) 1968-11-04 1968-11-04 Ildsted, især til forbrænding af affald.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3620177A true US3620177A (en) 1971-11-16

Family

ID=8141731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US873312A Expired - Lifetime US3620177A (en) 1968-11-04 1969-11-03 Rubbish incinerator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3620177A (da)
DE (1) DE1955035A1 (da)
DK (1) DK122141B (da)
GB (1) GB1286530A (da)
NL (1) NL6916565A (da)
SE (1) SE355063B (da)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017254A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-04-12 S. J. Agnew Recirculating furnace-dryer combination
US20080277027A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2008-11-13 Jean-Pierre Bernon Bio-Thermal Method and System for Stabilizing Timber
CN109611859A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-04-12 操瑞坤 一种垃圾焚烧炉

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8910453D0 (en) * 1989-05-06 1989-06-21 Heanley Christopher R Combustion furnaces
DE3918508C1 (da) * 1989-06-07 1990-05-03 C. Deilmann Ag, 4444 Bad Bentheim, De
DE4219231C1 (de) * 1992-06-12 1993-10-21 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Abfallverbrennungsanlage

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017254A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-04-12 S. J. Agnew Recirculating furnace-dryer combination
US20080277027A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2008-11-13 Jean-Pierre Bernon Bio-Thermal Method and System for Stabilizing Timber
US8857074B2 (en) * 2004-05-13 2014-10-14 Holcop Bio-thermal method and system for stabilizing timber
CN109611859A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-04-12 操瑞坤 一种垃圾焚烧炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1955035A1 (de) 1970-05-27
SE355063B (da) 1973-04-02
NL6916565A (da) 1970-05-08
GB1286530A (en) 1972-08-23
DK122141B (da) 1972-01-24

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