US3611521A - Device for production of novelty yarn - Google Patents

Abstract

DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF VARIABLE DENIER YARN THAT COMPRISES AT LEAST ONE YARN DELIVERY SYSTEM WHICH FEEDS YARN AT A CONSTANT SPEED AND A DRAWING SYSTEM. BETWEEN THE DELIVERY AND DRAWING SYSTEMS IS DISPOSED AT LEAST ONE RIGID YARN GUIDE, WHICH IS MOVABLE ABOUT AN AXIS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE PATH OF THE YARN, AND MEANS FOR DRIVING THE SAID YARN GUIDE IN A CIRCULAR MOVEMENT ABOUT THE SAID AXIS. THERE IS ALSO DISCLOSED THE PRODUCT MADE BY A PROCESS USING THIS DEVICE.

Description

Oct. 12, 1971 c. CORBIERE 1 3,611,521

nmvxom FOR PRODUCTION OF NOVELTY YARN Filed June 24, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 62 A 005 Zea/[i5 ATTORNEYS /MAA /Wm Oct. 12, 1971 c. CORBIERE 3,511,521

DEVICE FOR PRODUCTIQN OF NOVELTY YARN Filed June 24, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ('4 6 006 ra a/25 ATTORNEYS v I United States Patent 3,611,521 DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF NOVELTY YARN Claude Corbiere, La Tour-de-Salvagny, France, assignor to Societe Rodicefa Filed June 24, 1968, Ser. No. 739,519 Claims priority, appliialfion France, June 22, 1967,

Int. 01. 1502 1/22 US. Cl. 28-71.3 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention relates to a device for production of novelty yarn, continuous multifilaments, composite yarns, or spun yards of variable denier.

Variable denier yarns allow production of textiles with varied novelty effects, and they are customarily prepared from certain irregular natural fibers (silk, flax, etc.) or by special spinning processes such as for double filament yarns, knop yarns, etc.

Some processes allow production from synthetic polymers of monofilarnent or multifilament yarns that present this characteristic: they make use of devices that either modify the extrusion conditions or they involve irregular drawing. The most interesting results are generally obtained by extruding a yarn of uniform denier and converting it by drawing.

Irregular drawing can be effected by means of devices by which successive portions of the yarn are subjected to heat treatments of differing intensity, e.g. by means of heated grooved rolls and simultaneous drawing. The parts more softened by the heat undergo a higher degree of drawing than the rest. The sequences of different diameters thus obtained along the yarn are generally very short, since they are limited by the diameter of the heating roll whose bulk is limited in order not to complicate the drawing apparatus excessively.

It is likewise possible to modify the degree of drawing by intercalating on the path of the yarn, between the delivery rolls and the drawing rolls which rotate at constant speed, a yarn guide that executes a reciprocating motion perpendicularly to the path of the yarn, and subjecting the yarn to variations of tension. In this case, since the variations of tension are progressive, the zones of transition between the low and high denier parts are relatively long, which diminishes the novelty effect of the fabrics that are made from them to a considerable degree.

Yarns of variable denier can also be made by means of a device on which a multifilament yarn is drawn below the natural level of drawing. This has the effect that in polyamide-base yarns, the work must be done in critical and unusual conditions of humidity. The yarns thus obtained have a denier that varies in random fashion, but the variation is not identical in all strands.

The present invention relates to a device for obtaining yarns of variable denier that comprises: at least one system for delivery of yarn, e.g. a feed roll, at a constant rate and a drawing system e.g. a draw roll; between "Ice these systems, at least one rigid yarn guide, movable about an axis at right angles to the path of the yarn; and means for driving the said yarn guide in a circular motion around the said axis.

The yarn guide must have a configuration such that during its rotation, in a first period, it carries the yarn along and separate it from its direct path between feed and drawing rolls, and in a second period it suddenly allows the yarn to escape and permits it freely to resume its direct course between the feed and draw rolls.

In a preferred embodiment, the said yarn guide comprises a triangular element presenting a right angle one of whose sides is fixed on a rotary disk as shown in the attached FIG. 1.

In this figure, yarn 5 is delivered by rolls 1 and drawn by roll 4. Between these rolls there is disposed disk 3 on which yarn guide 2 is fixed.

FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show the operation of the apparatus.

At one point in its rotation, yarn guide 2 comes into contact with yarn 5 (FIGS. 2 and 5). The yarn is deflected from its course between the delivery roll and the draw roll as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, until it escapes the guide, given the special configuration of the said guide (FIGS. 4 and 7).

In the above figures a yarn guide is shown which is of triangular configuration, constituting the preferred form, but it is likewise possible, for reduction of the invention to practice, to use a yarn guide that presents the configuration of a cylindrical rod, bent at an angle or simply inclined on the axis of rotation, or any other suitable form, e.g. those illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.

Preferably the yarn guide moves along a circle cut by the orthogonal projection of the path of the yarn onto the said circle. The radius of the circle, and possible the position of its center, are selected as a function of the effect that is to be obtained.

One or more yarn guides may be interposed between the delivery and draw rolls.

The drawing stress that is imposed on the yarn by means of the device of the invention, determined by the ratio of the speeds of the delivery and draw rolls, is selected as a function of the effect that is desired, but it must be such that when augmented by the additional stress of the moving yarn guide that rupture stress in the yarn is not reached. The draw must be, however, sufiicient to produce an average draw of about 1:2 in the parts of the yarn which have been drawn.

In varying the drawing stress and the amount of additional stress, the ratio of diameter of the yarn between the high and low denier zones can be controlled.

When, with constant average drawing stress, the rate of drawing and the frequency with which the yarn is subjected to additional tension by the device are proportionately increased, it is observed that the distribution of the zones of different denier evolves: the high denier zones become longer while the period increases.

With the device of the invention it is possible to treat all yarns that can be drawn and, preferably, yarns that can be cold drawn such as polyamide-base yarns, lactams, diacid or diamine derivatives. However, it can be used for yarns that require heating in order to be drawn, such as ethylene polyterephthalate or polypropylene yarns.

Continuous monofilament or multifilament yarns with variable denier can be produced with the device of the invention. If the device is utilized for multifilaments, products can be obtained in which: denier variations are in phase on all filaments; high denier zones have a denier that is greater by at least 20% with reference to the low denier of the yarn; and the transitions between high and low denier zones are abrupt.

Although its application to drawing has been described in detail so far, the device of the invention is also utilizable in operations of wet, dry or melt spinning as well as in operations of assembling and transformation of tufts of cut fibers into spun lengths of fibers.

The following-examples are given as non limitative illus tration.

EXAMPLES l, 2, 3 AND 4 A device is utilized that comprises: a delivery roll and a draw roll whose axes are 350 mm. apart, and between which there are disposed: a drawing finger; and a rotary disk on which there are fixed two triangular yarn guides, 180 from each other, symmetrically disposed with reference to the axis and 60 mm. therefrom.

Various polyhexarnethylene adipamide yarns are passed over this device. The conditions and results of various tests are summarized in the tables below.

Example 1 2 3 4 Untilrawn yarn denier:

tex 98 2 98. 2 1, 144 1, 144

Number of filaments 1 1 34 34 Degree of drawing (average) 3:1 2 :8 2: 4 2:5

Rate of drawing, mJmin 160 624 350 472 Speed of the yarn guides, r.p.m 295 312 40 125 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YARNS Example 1 2 3 4 Average denier:

Average length high denier zones, mm 20 80 46 57 Average length low denier zones, mm 210 800 4, 180 1, 680

Transitions between the parts with high and low denier of each of these yarns are abrupt.

In Examples 3 and 4 the various filaments that constitute the yarns present equal deniers at all points of the said yarns.

EXAMPLE 5 A polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn, 40 denier/ 13 strands (44 tex) is delivered at a constant rate of 200 m./min. by means of a first train of rolls. A 140 denier/26 strand (156 tex) yarn is delivered in parallel at 220 m./min. by a second train of rolls.

Between the said rolls and a drawing device, constituted by a pneumatic nozzle of known type, there is disposed a rotary disk turning at 50 rpm, on which there are fixed two triangular yarn guides, 180 from each other, symmetrically disposed with reference to the axis and 120 mm. therefrom.

The 140 denier yarn passes on yarn guides and the assembled yarn collected at the output of the nozzle presents excess thicknesses disposed regularly at intervals of about two meters.

EXAMPLE 6- A solution is prepared that contains:

Parts Cellulose acetate 27.5 Acetone 69 Water 3.5

The said solution is heated to 55 C. and extruded through a spinneret in a vertical dry spinning cell which is 60 mm. in internal diameter and 3.50 m. high, the walls thereof being heated to 130 C., in which apparatus an evaporating atmosphere comprising ambient air circulates from top to bottom, in the same direction as the yarn with 4 a flow of 4.5 m. /hour. At a rate of 200 rn./min. there is obtained a 180/d. 36 strand yarn (200 tex).

Between the lubricating spout and the delivery roll there is placed a rotary disk which turns at a rate ranging from 70 to rpm. on which there are fixed two triangular yarn guides, at from each other, symmetrically disposed with reference to the axis and 60 mm. therefrom.

The yarn passes over the yarn guides and when it is wound up it presents extra thicknesses 5 to 10 cm. long, disposed irregularly on an average of one to the meter, the ratio of deniers of the section of large diameter to the small diameter sections being 3:2.

I claim:

1. In a device for the production of yarn of variable denier which device comprises a yarn feeding means for feeding the yarn and a yarn drawing means for drawing the yarn between the yarn feeding means and the yarn drawing means and having disposed between the yarn feeding means and yarn drawing means a yarn guide means for executing reciprocalmotion perpendicular to the path of the yarn and subjecting the yarn to variations in stretching tensions, the improvement comprising at least one rigid yarn guide means disposed between the yarn feeding means and the yarn drawing means wherein said guide is rotatable about an axis that is orthogonal to the path of the yarn and hence causes contact between the yarn guide means and the yarn, which contact moves the yarn both in a direction perpendicular to and along the moving path of the yarn, said yarn guide means being so configured that during the rotation thereof and after the said contact, the yarn contacted by the said guide means suddenly escapes from the yarn guide means and resumes the position of the direct path of the yarn between the said yarn feeding means and yarn drawing means, whereby yarn passing from the said feeding means to the said drawing means is additionally and intermittently drawn by said guide to produce a yarn of variable denier.

2. Device according to claim 1, in which the yarn guide is in the shape of a triangular piece comprising a right angle, one side of which is fixed on a rotary disk.

3. In a process for producing filaments of variable denier by feeding a filament from a feeding means to a first drawing means whereby the filaments are drawn and by intermittently drawing the filaments by moving the filaments perpendicular to the path of the filaments between the said feeding means and drawing means, the improvement comprising contacting the filaments with a yarn guide which is rotatable about an axis that is orthogonal to the path of the filaments, moving the filaments with said yarn guide means in a direction both perpendicular to and along the moving path of the filaments, suddenly allowing the filaments to escape from the yarn guide and return to the direct path of the filaments between the yarn feeding and yarn drawing means, whereby yarn passing from the said feeding means to the said drawing means is additionally and intermittently drawn by said guide to produce a yarn of variable denier.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,278,888 4/1942 Lewis 287l.3 X 2,468,666 4/1949 Heim l88 2,920,345 1/1960 Dyer 18-8 2,932,850 4/1960 McNeill et al. 188

LOUIS K. RIMRODT, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

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