US3605233A - Process for making orthodontic brackets - Google Patents
Process for making orthodontic brackets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3605233A US3605233A US836837A US3605233DA US3605233A US 3605233 A US3605233 A US 3605233A US 836837 A US836837 A US 836837A US 3605233D A US3605233D A US 3605233DA US 3605233 A US3605233 A US 3605233A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- flange
- base pad
- wings
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S164/00—Metal founding
- Y10S164/04—Dental
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49567—Dental appliance making
- Y10T29/49568—Orthodontic device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
- Y10T29/49798—Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
- Y10T29/49989—Followed by cutting or removing material
Definitions
- a plurality of groups of said wings are formed, and the body is cut laterally to form a plurality of pieces which are then abrasively treated, and then the flange is removed in two steps.
- the major proportion of the flange is removed, and in the second the remaining minor stem flange is removed by grinding to form a planar surface on the bottom of the base pad, after which the semi-finished strip is cut into segments which are metal-finished, such as by slide honing.
- This invention relates to a process for making an edgewise orthodontic bracket of the class having a rectangularly bottomed dimensionally critical longitudinal edgewise slot, and an overhanging wing extending laterally from the slot with a base pad disposed beneath the slot.
- Edgewise orthodontic brackets are widely used in corrective dentistry. Customarily they are spot welded to a metal band which embraces the tooth, and a rectangular wire is placed in the slot of the member. The wire then extends between two such members so as to control the positioning of the teeth by being ligatured thereto, and twisted to adjust the length.
- the wire itself is rectangular in cross section and has a very critical dimension of width which must be critically matched by the width of the slot itself. Even very small tolerances result in unacceptable variances in tooth placement. A nearly zero tolerance is necessary, and the slot of this device is ordinarily held to tolerances of plus 0.0002, minus 0.0000.
- the bracket may be made of 304 stainless steel which can be cast but which is not readily machined.
- the functional advantage of this material is that it is more ductile than rod or bar 3,605,233 Patented Sept. 20, 1971 type stainless steel which are used because of their machinability but which are not significantly ductile.
- Ductility is a desirable property in brackets of the type involved herein, because ductility reduces the amount of breakage from shock and other forces.
- the ductility of castable alloys which can be used with the invention is significantly greater than that of other alloys which have heretofore been used because of their machinability.
- This invention also permits the manufacture of devices with closer total envelope accuracy than is obtainable with any machining process. Close geometrical similarity is desirable because of the inherent nature of orthodontic usage.
- the process of this invention includes casting a body to be lost in a lost-wax process, in a mold having a parting line, whereby to form the slot with its critical dimension together with the wing or wings and also the base pad.
- the parting line is disposed at the tip of the wing or wings.
- the mold also forms in the body a longitudinally extending flange beneath the base pad integral therewith. Thereafter this body is encased in a frangible casting jacket, is lost in the lost-wax process, and is replaced in the jacket with the castable alloy to produce a duplicate body which is then removed from the jacket. Thereafter, the flange is removed, and the body is metal-finished.
- a plurality of groups of two of the wings are formed, and the cast body is cut laterally to form a plurality of pieces which are abrasively finished.
- the flange may be removed in two steps, in the first of which the major proportion of the flange is removed leaving a minor amount, and then the remainder is ground to the required thickness and to form a planar surface on the bottom of the base pad.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a band incorporating an edgewise orthodontic bracket produced by the method of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a pair of teeth joined by a wire held by two of said brackets;
- FIG. 3 is an end view of one of said brackets according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross section showing a first step in the process of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view like that of FIG. 4 showing the body of FIG. 4 encased in a jacket for the lost-wax process;
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a body duplicated from that of FIG. 5 by means of the lost-wax process
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are side views showing two sequential steps in the process.
- FIG. 9 is a right hand end view of FIG. 8.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show two bands 10 embracing respective teeth 11, 12, whose position relative to the jaw and to each other is maintained by a stiff wire 13.
- the wire extends in a longitudinal direction, and has a rectangular 3 cross section.
- Ligature wires 14 tie the wire 13 in position (of which only one is shown).
- the edgewise bracket 15 is spot welded by weldments 15a to the band at the base pad 16 of the bracket.
- the base pad is initially made planar but is bent to conform to the shape of the band.
- Rising from the base pad are four Wings, 17, 18, 19, 20, which form a group of two pairs, the members of which are opposed to each other laterally and which overhang in an outward direction as best seen in FIG. 3, so as to form an underlying channel 21 beneath the outside of each of the wings.
- This invention also comprehends a structure wherein only two axially spaced-apart wings are provided with channels, instead of two pairs, such a construction being suitable for many applications.
- a longitudinally extending critically dimensioned rectangularly bottomed edgewise slot 22 Between the wings there is located a longitudinally extending critically dimensioned rectangularly bottomed edgewise slot 22.
- the bottom 23 of the slot is flat and the two side walls 24, 25 are accurately parallel to each other and their lateral spacing apart is the critical dimension.
- a pair of radiused chamfers 26 extend between the side walls and the tops of the Wings to facilitate the insertion of the wire into the slot.
- the tips 27 'of the wings are gently rounded and the entire device is devoid of sharp edges as a result of a process yet to be described.
- the following is a set of suitable dimensions for an edgewise bracket according to the invention (dimensions in inches):
- the formation of the underlying channels 21 and the accurate slot in a device as dimensionally critical and as small as this can be difiicult when standard machining procedures are utilized. It is an advantage of this invention that conventional machining techniques need not be utilized, but that instead casting and bulk finishing procedures may be utilized. As a further advantage, more advantageous materials of construction can be used.
- the process begins as shown in FIG. 4 by casting a body 30 in a mold 31 made according to standard designs.
- This mold may conveniently be made in four parts.
- the critical mold part are parts 32 and 33 which have a parting line 34 which parting line intersects the walls of the wings, preferably at the tips. In the manufacture of the device sharp edges 35 are formed on the tips but these will be removed in a later step.
- the wings, base pad, and slot are accurately formed and also there is a longitudinally extending flange 36 integral with the base pad and extending below it terminating in a bulb 37 or other flue means in parts 38, 39 of the mold. It will now be seen that the body can be cast and removed from the mold by separating parts 38 and 39 and then parts 32 and 33.
- the resulting body is shown in side view in FIG. 5 where it will be noted that the groups of four wings are spaced apart by a spacing 40 which is greater than the spacing 41 between pairs of members of the same group. This enables a cut to be made between adjacent groups still leaving an adequate overhanging base pad of indeterminate length which can thereby be used to make edgewise brackets of different total length.
- the mold is a conventional metal mold. To pour molten stainless steel in such a mold would result in excessive wear. Accordingly, the well-known lost-wax process is used. Body 30 is meant to be destroyed in the formation of an identical cavity in a ceramic mold which is used one time and is frangible to release the product. Accordingly, body 30 is cast of a plastic material which is dimensionally stable, and which will decompose to gases when strongly heated. Styrene is one such sub stance.
- FIG. 5 shows body 30 cast into a ceramic jacket 42.
- body 30 gassifies, disappears, and leaves an internal wall which exactly duplicates the shape of the body.
- the cavity is filled with molten metal, to which the ceramic jacket is thermally resistant, and the jacket and product are cooled. Then the jacket is cracked and broken ofl", leaving body 43, which is a complete duplicate of body 30.
- Like numbers are used in the drawings because of the identity of structure. A light sandblast may be applied at this stage to remove all traces of jacket material.
- the next step is the removal of the major portion of the flange 36 which can be done by cutting, punching, or grinding, as preferred. Any surface may be used as a guide for this step.
- This flange mold may not be a section of reduced width as shown, but may simply constitute a thickening of the base pad structure, which is reduced to the desired thickness by grinding.
- the term flange is therefore used broadly to mean excess material below the base pad portion.
- this step will leave a minor amount of material 44 (sometimes called a stem flange) adjacent to and contiguous with the base pad which stem flange will next be removed as shown in FIG. 8 by a surface grinder 45 which grinds the base pad bottom surface 46 to an accurate smooth plane.
- the initial condition showing the minor stem flange is shown in FIG. 7, and the resulting strip is shown in the left-hand portion of FIG. 8.
- brackets are cast as individual pieces, as they may be, instead of a strip of many brackets, the devices go directly to a metal-finishing process.
- the individual brackets will now be finished.
- the pieces obtained from body 43 are somewhat oversize, also there are sharp edges.
- a metal-finishing process such as slidehoning is now used. This will break and round all sharp edges, and corners, for example edge 50 and corner 51.
- a smooth, rounded, dimensionally accurate device is thereby secured.
- the inside of the slot is not affected by slide honing, and the critical dimension is not changed.
- the changes in outside dimensions are regulated by choice of honing medium, and duration and severity of honing, in accordance with known techniques.
- metal-finishing means a material-removal process in which surface material is removed to create a smooth surface with new dimensions, and includes bufiing, sand blasting, vapor blast, slide honing, electropolishing, and the like.
- brackets of this type are so expensive and troublesome in the past.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
PROCESS, A PLURALITY OF GROUPS OF SAID WINGS ARE FORMED, AND THE BODY IS CUT LATERALLY TO FORM A PLURALITY OF PIECES WHICH ARE THEN ABRASIVELY TREATED, AND THEN THE FLANGE IS REMOVED IN TWO STEPS. IN THE FIRST SAID STEP THE MAJOR PROPORTION OF THE FLANGE IS REMOVED, AND IN THE SECOND THE REMAINING MINOR STEM FLANGE IS REMOVED BY GRINDING TO FORM A PLANAR SURFACE ON THE BOTTOM OF THE BASE PAD, AFTER WHICH THE SEMI-FINISHED STRIP IS CUT INTO SEGMENTS WHICH ARE METAL-FINISHED, SUCH AS BY SLIDE HONING.
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US83683769A | 1969-06-26 | 1969-06-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3605233A true US3605233A (en) | 1971-09-20 |
Family
ID=25272857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US836837A Expired - Lifetime US3605233A (en) | 1969-06-26 | 1969-06-26 | Process for making orthodontic brackets |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3605233A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3985282A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1976-10-12 | Miller Frank R | Brazing process for orthodontic assemblies |
US4337037A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1982-06-29 | Kurz Craven H | Fixed lingual orthodontic appliance for the maxillary arch |
US4819316A (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1989-04-11 | Rmo, Inc. | Method of making a pre-adjusted orthodontic bracket assembly |
US5174754A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1992-12-29 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. | Self-ligating, self-locking dental bracket with T-shaped archwire slot |
US5456599A (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1995-10-10 | Hamilton Ortho Inc. | Orthodontic arch wires and brackets |
CN102554029A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 新加坡科技研究局 | Method and device for forming orthodontic bracket |
-
1969
- 1969-06-26 US US836837A patent/US3605233A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3985282A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1976-10-12 | Miller Frank R | Brazing process for orthodontic assemblies |
US4337037A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1982-06-29 | Kurz Craven H | Fixed lingual orthodontic appliance for the maxillary arch |
US4819316A (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1989-04-11 | Rmo, Inc. | Method of making a pre-adjusted orthodontic bracket assembly |
US5174754A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1992-12-29 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. | Self-ligating, self-locking dental bracket with T-shaped archwire slot |
US5456599A (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1995-10-10 | Hamilton Ortho Inc. | Orthodontic arch wires and brackets |
CN102554029A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 新加坡科技研究局 | Method and device for forming orthodontic bracket |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SYBRON CORPORATION, 1100 MIDTOWN TOWER, ROCHESTER, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION A CORP. OF ILL.;REEL/FRAME:004051/0902 Effective date: 19820831 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ORMCO CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE., STATELESS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SYBRON CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004607/0103 Effective date: 19860731 Owner name: ORMCO CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SYBRON CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004607/0103 Effective date: 19860731 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY,STATELESS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SAC/THERMOLYNE, INC.;SAC/BARNSTEAD, INC.;SAC/THERMO-BARN, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004834/0513 Effective date: 19871020 Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SAC/THERMOLYNE, INC.;SAC/BARNSTEAD, INC.;SAC/THERMO-BARN, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004834/0513 Effective date: 19871020 |