US3599469A - Apparatus for forming gears - Google Patents

Apparatus for forming gears Download PDF

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US3599469A
US3599469A US753661A US3599469DA US3599469A US 3599469 A US3599469 A US 3599469A US 753661 A US753661 A US 753661A US 3599469D A US3599469D A US 3599469DA US 3599469 A US3599469 A US 3599469A
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blank
die
arbor
teeth
gear
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US753661A
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Arthur B Bassoff
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Nachi Machining Technology Co
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Lear Siegler Inc
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Assigned to ADD, INC., A MICHIGAN CORP. reassignment ADD, INC., A MICHIGAN CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LEAR SIEGLER, INC. A DE. CORP.
Assigned to NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY, reassignment NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY, CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 5-30-86 Assignors: ADD, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to FERRETT, JAMES A., DONNELLY, JOHN T.;, WILKINS, LEONARD J., RAO, SURENDRA B. reassignment FERRETT, JAMES A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY
Assigned to NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY reassignment NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED AT REEL 5033 FRAME 0527 Assignors: DONNELLY, JOHN T., FERRETT, JAMES A., RAO, SURENDRA B., WILKINS, LEONARD J.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49474—Die-press shaping

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Method and apparatus for forming a gear from a cylindrical blank by forcing it through a circular-toothed die.
  • the ends of the teeth of the die are tapered to facilitate disblank is subjected to a multiplicity of quivalent to an air hammer.
  • a cylindrical gear or pinion such for example as a spur or helical gear or pinion, is produced from a circular blank.
  • the operation employs an internally toothed die the teeth of which are substantially conjugate to the teeth to be formed on the gear or pinion.
  • the ends of the teeth are tapered preferably to a substantially sharp edge to facilitate entry of the teeth of the die into the material of the blank.
  • the blank is initially of a diameter approximately equal to the pitch diameter of the gear to be formed.
  • the material displaced outwardly from the tooth spaces is approximately equal to the material appearing as portions of the teeth radially outwardly of the pitch cylinder.
  • the actual flow of metal may involve lateral displacement of material from the portion of the blank which becomes tooth spaces into the dedendum portion of the gear teeth with resulting substantially radially outward displacement of the blank into the addendum portions of the gear teeth.
  • FIG. I is a longitudinal section through the apparatus for forming gears.
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line 2-2, FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view looking at the top of a tooth of the die in the direction of the arrow A, FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus for forming the gear teeth comprises an outer shell which is supported on a solid support surface 12.
  • the shell is provided with an internal annular recess I4 forming a shoulder 16 on which the internally toothed cylindrical die 18 is supported.
  • Mounted within a second internal enlargement 20 within the shell is an annular pilot 22.
  • an arbor 24 having a cylindrical enlargement 26 fitted to slide within the pilot 22. Below the enlargement 26 the arbor is reduced as indicated at 28 to a diameter having slight clearance as indicated with the crests of the teeth of the die. At its lower end the arbor 24 is further reduced having a portion 30 received within the opening 32 in an annular blank 34.
  • the die 18 is provided with a multiplicity of teeth 36, the teeth being tapered both laterally and radially, as best seen in FIG. 3 to provide a substantially sharp entering edge 38 to initiate the flow of metal from the portions of the blank which are to be tooth spaces into the portions of the blank which are to be teeth.
  • the arbor 24 has an annular plate 40 fixed thereto adapted to retain the arbor on a driver or spud 42 having a radial flange 44 formed thereon.
  • the end ofthe driver 42 beyond the flange 44 is received in a recess 46 formed at the top of the arbor, and the recess and plate 40 are formed to provide an annular pocket 48 in which the flange is received. With this arrangement there is limited vertical movement permitted between the arbor 24 and the driver 42.
  • Means are connected to the driver 42 for imparting a multiplicity of rapid blows or impacts of substantial amount.
  • This means may for example take the form of a conventional air hammer, a portion of which is indicated diagrammatically in broken lines at 50.
  • the magnitude of the impacts required to drive the gear blank through the die will depend upon several factors, among which are the material of the blank, the size of the blank, and the pitch of the gear teeth. In general, it may be said that the magnitude of these impacts may be on the order of several hundred foot-pounds.
  • Means are provided to separate the finished work gear from the reduced end 30 of the arbor 24.
  • This means may take the form of a plurality of air passages 52 connected to a suitable supply of compressed air (not shown), pressure being admitted to the passages after the work gear 34 has passed beyond the ends of the teeth 36 of the die 18.
  • mechanical means may be provided for this purpose comprising ejector pins 54 extending through suitable openings in the die in combination with means (not shown) effective to force the pins downwardly to separate the finished gear 34 from the die. It will be appreciated that in some cases the forces developed in the formation of teeth on the exterior of the blank will cause some reduction in size of the opening 32 in the blank so that the finished gear may be tightly engaged on the reduced portion 30 of the arbor.
  • the arbor with the gear firmly assembled thereon moves in slight increments of axial motion as a result of the impacts delivered thereto by the driver 42.
  • the driver 42 will have a limited reciprocating motion, the inner end separating slightly from the bottom of the recess 46 on its upward movement and impacting this surface when driven forward by means of the air hammer or equivalent driving mechanism associated with the driver.
  • the radially outwardly extending flange 44 is trapped within the annular pocket or channel 48 in the assembly of the die 24 and plate 40 so that the arbor may be elevated by upward movement of the driver 42 after a finished gear has been separated from the arbor, in order to provide for placement of a succeeding blank on the arbor in position to again be driven by a series of blows or impacts through: the die.
  • the illustration has been of spur teeth formed on a cylindrical blank, but it is to be understood that the invention may be practiced in an operation which produces helical teeth on the blank.
  • the only requirement is that the teeth of the die be correspondingly helically formed. After the tapered entering end of the die teeth have entered sufficiently into the work blank, subsequent blows or impacts result in developing both axial forces and forces tending to rotate the blank in the helical die.
  • the teeth of the die are of such length from end to end as to provide adequate engagement of fully formed die teeth so as to produce the correct lead or helix angle on the teeth of the gear ofthe blank.
  • the rotation imparted to the blank 34 in order to develop helical teeth thereon may result from helical guide means acting between the arbor 24 and the pilot 22.
  • helical teeth one of which is indicated at 56, may be provided on the interior of the pilot 22 and on the exterior of the enlarged portion 26 of the arbor. Since these helical tooth formations will be engaged for the full axial extent of the enlarged portion 26 of the arbor, a good guiding action will be obtained, and the tendency to distort. the teeth of the work blank, at least during their initial formation, will largely be avoided.
  • Apparatus for forming an external gear from an annular blank having an outer cylindrical surface whose diameter is substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the gear to be formed comprising an internally toothed annular die having longitudinally tapered teeth, a stationary support for said d e engaging said die outwardly of the tooth spaces thereof, a cylindrical pilot in alignment with said die, a movable blank support comprising an arbor having a cylindrical portion slidable longitudinally in said pilot, a reduced portion adapted to enter into and guidingly support the blank, and an annular radial shoulder engaging a side of the blank, a driver loosely connected to said arbor, and means for reciprocating said driver to deliver a multiplicity of rapid impacts of a magnitude on the order of several hundred foot-pounds from said driver directly to said arbor to drive said blank through said die.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

Method and apparatus for forming a gear from a cylindrical blank by forcing it through a circular-toothed die. The ends of the teeth of the die are tapered to facilitate displacement of metal. The blank is subjected to a multiplicity of rapid impacts by means equivalent to an air hammer.

Description

illtllll States Patent References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS [72] Inventor Arthur B. Bassoff Oak Park, Mich.
mmdmlhm N. nm u m m" nt wh u mk e mm m WESLR 8 256 85666 89999 11111 002567 02304 7 8 3 ,932 724600 84385 J 2333 cl H .a C 0011 67 99 m bo fl9 7.mM 11s rm gg Q u u m m 7AALS 0 de N 86 mn mwm wna AFPA ll 253 2247 FOREIGN PATENTS 5/1953 Netherlands............
Primary Examiner-Richard J. Herbst 5 APPARATUS FOR Attorney-Whittemore, Hulbert & Belknap 2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs. [52] US. Cl...
ABSTRACT: Method and apparatus for forming a gear from a cylindrical blank by forcing it through a circular-toothed die.
The ends of the teeth of the die are tapered to facilitate disblank is subjected to a multiplicity of quivalent to an air hammer.
[51] lint. [50} Field of Search........... 72/343, 352, 476, 479, 467, 469, 64; 76/892 placement of metal The rapid impacts by means e PATENTEDAUGI Hen 9.599.499
INVENTOR ARTH B. BASSOFF ATTORNEYS APPARATUS FOR FORMING GEARS BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention a cylindrical gear or pinion, such for example as a spur or helical gear or pinion, is produced from a circular blank. The operation employs an internally toothed die the teeth of which are substantially conjugate to the teeth to be formed on the gear or pinion. The ends of the teeth are tapered preferably to a substantially sharp edge to facilitate entry of the teeth of the die into the material of the blank.
The blank is initially of a diameter approximately equal to the pitch diameter of the gear to be formed. The material displaced outwardly from the tooth spaces is approximately equal to the material appearing as portions of the teeth radially outwardly of the pitch cylinder. The actual flow of metal however, may involve lateral displacement of material from the portion of the blank which becomes tooth spaces into the dedendum portion of the gear teeth with resulting substantially radially outward displacement of the blank into the addendum portions of the gear teeth.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a longitudinal section through the apparatus for forming gears.
FIG. 2 is a section on the line 2-2, FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view looking at the top of a tooth of the die in the direction of the arrow A, FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The apparatus for forming the gear teeth comprises an outer shell which is supported on a solid support surface 12. The shell is provided with an internal annular recess I4 forming a shoulder 16 on which the internally toothed cylindrical die 18 is supported. Mounted within a second internal enlargement 20 within the shell is an annular pilot 22.
Vertically movable inside the pilot 22 is an arbor 24 having a cylindrical enlargement 26 fitted to slide within the pilot 22. Below the enlargement 26 the arbor is reduced as indicated at 28 to a diameter having slight clearance as indicated with the crests of the teeth of the die. At its lower end the arbor 24 is further reduced having a portion 30 received within the opening 32 in an annular blank 34.
The die 18 is provided with a multiplicity of teeth 36, the teeth being tapered both laterally and radially, as best seen in FIG. 3 to provide a substantially sharp entering edge 38 to initiate the flow of metal from the portions of the blank which are to be tooth spaces into the portions of the blank which are to be teeth.
The arbor 24 has an annular plate 40 fixed thereto adapted to retain the arbor on a driver or spud 42 having a radial flange 44 formed thereon. The end ofthe driver 42 beyond the flange 44 is received in a recess 46 formed at the top of the arbor, and the recess and plate 40 are formed to provide an annular pocket 48 in which the flange is received. With this arrangement there is limited vertical movement permitted between the arbor 24 and the driver 42.
Means are connected to the driver 42 for imparting a multiplicity of rapid blows or impacts of substantial amount. This means may for example take the form of a conventional air hammer, a portion of which is indicated diagrammatically in broken lines at 50.
The magnitude of the impacts required to drive the gear blank through the die will depend upon several factors, among which are the material of the blank, the size of the blank, and the pitch of the gear teeth. In general, it may be said that the magnitude of these impacts may be on the order of several hundred foot-pounds.
Means are provided to separate the finished work gear from the reduced end 30 of the arbor 24. This means may take the form of a plurality of air passages 52 connected to a suitable supply of compressed air (not shown), pressure being admitted to the passages after the work gear 34 has passed beyond the ends of the teeth 36 of the die 18. Alternatively, mechanical means may be provided for this purpose comprising ejector pins 54 extending through suitable openings in the die in combination with means (not shown) effective to force the pins downwardly to separate the finished gear 34 from the die. It will be appreciated that in some cases the forces developed in the formation of teeth on the exterior of the blank will cause some reduction in size of the opening 32 in the blank so that the finished gear may be tightly engaged on the reduced portion 30 of the arbor.
It will be understood that the arbor with the gear firmly assembled thereon moves in slight increments of axial motion as a result of the impacts delivered thereto by the driver 42. The driver 42 will have a limited reciprocating motion, the inner end separating slightly from the bottom of the recess 46 on its upward movement and impacting this surface when driven forward by means of the air hammer or equivalent driving mechanism associated with the driver.
The radially outwardly extending flange 44 is trapped within the annular pocket or channel 48 in the assembly of the die 24 and plate 40 so that the arbor may be elevated by upward movement of the driver 42 after a finished gear has been separated from the arbor, in order to provide for placement of a succeeding blank on the arbor in position to again be driven by a series of blows or impacts through: the die.
In the foregoing the illustration has been of spur teeth formed on a cylindrical blank, but it is to be understood that the invention may be practiced in an operation which produces helical teeth on the blank. The only requirement is that the teeth of the die be correspondingly helically formed. After the tapered entering end of the die teeth have entered sufficiently into the work blank, subsequent blows or impacts result in developing both axial forces and forces tending to rotate the blank in the helical die. The teeth of the die are of such length from end to end as to provide adequate engagement of fully formed die teeth so as to produce the correct lead or helix angle on the teeth of the gear ofthe blank.
Alternatively, the rotation imparted to the blank 34 in order to develop helical teeth thereon may result from helical guide means acting between the arbor 24 and the pilot 22. Thus, for example, helical teeth, one of which is indicated at 56, may be provided on the interior of the pilot 22 and on the exterior of the enlarged portion 26 of the arbor. Since these helical tooth formations will be engaged for the full axial extent of the enlarged portion 26 of the arbor, a good guiding action will be obtained, and the tendency to distort. the teeth of the work blank, at least during their initial formation, will largely be avoided.
The drawing and the foregoing specification constitute a description of the improved method and apparatus for forming gears in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. Apparatus for forming an external gear from an annular blank having an outer cylindrical surface whose diameter is substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the gear to be formed, comprising an internally toothed annular die having longitudinally tapered teeth, a stationary support for said d e engaging said die outwardly of the tooth spaces thereof, a cylindrical pilot in alignment with said die, a movable blank support comprising an arbor having a cylindrical portion slidable longitudinally in said pilot, a reduced portion adapted to enter into and guidingly support the blank, and an annular radial shoulder engaging a side of the blank, a driver loosely connected to said arbor, and means for reciprocating said driver to deliver a multiplicity of rapid impacts of a magnitude on the order of several hundred foot-pounds from said driver directly to said arbor to drive said blank through said die.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim I in which helical teeth are formed on the blank comprising helical teeth on said die, and helical teeth extending between the pilot and the portion of the arbor slidable longitudinally therein.

Claims (2)

1. Apparatus for forming an external gear from an annular blank having an outer cylindrical surface whose diameter is substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the gear to be formed, comprising an internally toothed annular die having longitudinally tapered teeth, a stationary support for said die engaging said die outwardly of the tooth spaces thereof, a cylindrical pilot in alignment with said die, a movable blank support comprising an arbor having a cylindrical portion slidable longitudinally in said pilot, a reduced portion adapted to enter into and guidingly support the blank, and an annular radial shoulder engaging a side of the blank, a driver loosely connected to said arbor, and means for reciprocating said driver to deliver a multiplicity of rapid impacts of a magnitude on the order of several hundred foot-pounds from said driver directly to said arbor to drive said blank through said die.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which helical teeth are formed on the blank comprising helical teeth on said die, and helical teeth extending between the pilot and the portion of the arbor slidable longitudinally therein.
US753661A 1968-08-19 1968-08-19 Apparatus for forming gears Expired - Lifetime US3599469A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3765222A (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-10-16 Asea Ab Die for hydrostatic extrusion of sections having elongated projections
US3910091A (en) * 1974-04-30 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and method for cold extrusion of gears
US4038860A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-08-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Plastic molding process for metal
US4728842A (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-03-01 Carbet Corporation Laminated assembly for a dynamoelectric machine and method for manufacturing laminated assemblies having ridges formed on projections which interlock with recesses of adjacent laminations
DE3718884A1 (en) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-29 K Lange Forschungsgesellschaft Method and tools for the cold, warm and hot transversal extrusion of workpieces with accurate teeth from metal, preferably steel
US4809429A (en) * 1986-09-29 1989-03-07 Carbet Corporation Apparatus for manufacturing laminated assemblies having ridges formed on projections which interlock with recesses of adjacent laminations
US5295382A (en) * 1992-05-11 1994-03-22 Ford Motor Company Cold extrusion of externally toothed helical members
US5953950A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-09-21 Japan, Represented By Director-General, Mint Bureau, Ministry Of Finance Method and apparatus for manufacturing disk products having helical ridges
CN101659002B (en) * 2009-09-04 2012-07-04 重庆清平机械厂 Thin-wall annular gear processing method
CN104136144A (en) * 2012-02-02 2014-11-05 盖茨公司 Method of forming a sprocket

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US387470A (en) * 1888-08-07 w eeden
US2542912A (en) * 1945-12-08 1951-02-20 Ford Motor Co Process and apparatus for coining sintered articles
US3034383A (en) * 1957-03-25 1962-05-15 Otto Fuchs Kommandit Ges Synchromesh gear and method and apparatus for making the same
US3186210A (en) * 1963-01-21 1965-06-01 Cleveland Twist Drill Co Extrusion die
US3258834A (en) * 1964-02-13 1966-07-05 Prec Forge Company High energy rate forging method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US387470A (en) * 1888-08-07 w eeden
US2542912A (en) * 1945-12-08 1951-02-20 Ford Motor Co Process and apparatus for coining sintered articles
US3034383A (en) * 1957-03-25 1962-05-15 Otto Fuchs Kommandit Ges Synchromesh gear and method and apparatus for making the same
US3186210A (en) * 1963-01-21 1965-06-01 Cleveland Twist Drill Co Extrusion die
US3258834A (en) * 1964-02-13 1966-07-05 Prec Forge Company High energy rate forging method

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3765222A (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-10-16 Asea Ab Die for hydrostatic extrusion of sections having elongated projections
US3910091A (en) * 1974-04-30 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and method for cold extrusion of gears
US4038860A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-08-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Plastic molding process for metal
US4728842A (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-03-01 Carbet Corporation Laminated assembly for a dynamoelectric machine and method for manufacturing laminated assemblies having ridges formed on projections which interlock with recesses of adjacent laminations
US4809429A (en) * 1986-09-29 1989-03-07 Carbet Corporation Apparatus for manufacturing laminated assemblies having ridges formed on projections which interlock with recesses of adjacent laminations
DE3718884A1 (en) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-29 K Lange Forschungsgesellschaft Method and tools for the cold, warm and hot transversal extrusion of workpieces with accurate teeth from metal, preferably steel
US5295382A (en) * 1992-05-11 1994-03-22 Ford Motor Company Cold extrusion of externally toothed helical members
US5953950A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-09-21 Japan, Represented By Director-General, Mint Bureau, Ministry Of Finance Method and apparatus for manufacturing disk products having helical ridges
CN101659002B (en) * 2009-09-04 2012-07-04 重庆清平机械厂 Thin-wall annular gear processing method
CN104136144A (en) * 2012-02-02 2014-11-05 盖茨公司 Method of forming a sprocket

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