US3578036A

US3578036A - Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements having a socket method for producing said lattice and the products obtained

Info

Publication number: US3578036A
Application number: US808252A
Authority: US
Inventors: Maurice Francois
Original assignee: Trefilunion SA
Current assignee: Trefilunion SA
Priority date: 1968-03-22
Filing date: 1969-03-18
Publication date: 1971-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 1988-05-11
Also published as: DE1913482A1; BE729482A; DK125191B; CH511993A; AT294392B; BG15536A3; SE340874B; BR6907363D0; HU165457B; ES365245A1; YU31260B; DE1913482B2; FR1575629A; GB1225081A

Abstract

Method for producing a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element having a socket. The method comprises forming a prereinforcement from lattice in which some of the warp wires have successive deformed nonrectilinear portions whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear. The deformed warp wires are bent in the form of welded rings and the rest of the lattice is bent in the form of a cylinder. The part of the prereinforcement intended for the socket part of the tubular element is radially expanded to the desired diameter by at least partially straightening the deformation of the deformed warp wires.

Description

United States Patent LATTICE FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF TUBULAR CONCRETE ELEMENTS HAVING A SOCKET METI-IOD FOR PRODUCING SAID LATTICE AND THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED 1 Claim, 4,Drawing Figs.

US. Cl 140/107, 140/ 1 12 Int. Cl B21f 27/22 Field of Search 140/7 1 Primary Examiner-Lowell A. Larson Attorney-J. Delattre-Seguy ABSTRACT: Method for producing a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element having a socket. The method comprises forming a prereinforceme nt from lattice in which some of the warp wires have successive deformed nonrectilinear portions whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear. The deformed warp wires are bent in the form of welded rings and the rest of the lattice is bent in the form of a cylinder. The part of the prereinforcement intended for the socket part of the tubular element is radially expanded to the desired diameter by at least partially straightening the deformation of the deformed warp wires.

concrete tubular elements including a socket. However, the

cross section of the socket is substantially greater than that of the run or body of the tubular element and the best steels do not have sufficient elongation characteristics to pennit a large expansion without fracture. Thus, to produce a reinforcement in one piece, there are at present two known methods:

The first consists in avoiding the reinforcement of the socket, the lattice being limited to the body of the tubular element; however, the socket then has a strength which may be insufficient in some cases.

The second method consists in producing the reinforcement in two parts, namely one part for the run or body of the tubular element and a wider part for the socket, the two parts being interconnected by metal wires; however, this method is relatively long to carry out and sometimes delicate owing to the difficulties of centering the part of the reinforcement intended to be embedded in the socket.

The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks.

The invention provides a lattice of welded metal wires wherein a number of the warp wires have successive defonned nonrectilinear portions, the deformations of said portions being permanent and such that, upon exertion of tensile stress thereon, said portions can be at least partially straightened, whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear.

Owing to their deformed portions, which may form folds, waves, fractions of a coil or any other sinuosities or convolutions, it is possible to elongate the corresponding warp wires and the lattice can undergo, in the portion pertaining to these wires, an expansion in the direction in which the warp wires extend.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing from the aforementioned lattice a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element which has a socket, said method comprising, in a first stage,

. forming a reinforcement blank or prereinforcement by bending and closing onto themselves, in the tom of welded rings, the transverse wires of a section of said lattice, said section being such that the transverse wires corresponding to the socket, and only these wires, have a succession of permanently deformed nonrectilinear portions so that they have an apparent perimeter equal to the perimeter of the nondeformed transverse wires of the rest of the prereinforcement but a real length substantially greater than said perimeter, then, in a second stage, radially expanding the prereinforcement so as to elongate at least partially said nonrectilinear portions of the transverse wires of its socket and impart thereto an apparent perimeter which is substantially greater than that of the rest of the prereinforcement and corresponds to that of the desired socket of the reinforcement.

Another object of the invention is to provide a prereinforcement obtained by the aforementioned first stage, wherein some of the transverse wires have, starting from one of the ends of the reinforcement and on a portion of its length, a succession of permanently deformed portions so that the apparent perimeter of said transverse wires is equal to the perimeter of the other undeforrned transverse wires, but a real length substantially greater than said perimeter.

A further object of the invention is to provide a reinforcement having a socket obtained by means of the aforemen tioned method, said lattice reinforcement having transverse wires bent and closed onto themselves in the form of welded rings and wherein, in the zone of the-socket, the transversewires of the lattice have a trace of partially open deformations.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a tubular reinforced concrete element having a socket comprising a lattice reinforcement which extends throughout the length of the body and has in the zone of said socket transverse wires which have a trace of partially open or straightened deformations.

Thus the invention makes it possible to produce, as will be understood, under excellent conditions which are further improved relative to known methods, tubular concrete elements reinforcing them by means of a single-piece reinforcement which extends into the whole of the sockets.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the ensuring description with reference to the accompanying drawing:

IN THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a plane section of lattice according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same section of lattice after having been bent and welded so as to form a closed cylindrical cage constituting THE blank of the reinforcement or prereinforcement;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the reinforcement finally obtained embedded in a concrete pipe having a socket; and

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a modification of the reinforcement for a tubular body having an oval cross section including a flat portion.

Reference will first be had to FIG. 1 which shows a section of an improved lattice according to the invention.

This lattice comprises a series of

warp wires

1 and 2 and a series of weft wires 3. The wires of the two series intersect at a right angle and are welded together at the crossing point 4. Whereas'the warp wires carrying the reference numeral 1 and the weft wires 3 are rectilinear, the warp wires 2 are deformed in alternately opposite directions so as to have successive nonrectilinear portions, either in the form of corrugations as shown, or in the form of folds, loops or other sinuosities or convolutions located in the plane or outside the plane of the lattice.

The deformed portions can be continuous, as shown, or interrupted by short rectilinear portions.

The shape of the convolutions, corrugations or other deformations of the wires 2 is so arranged that their amplitude corresponds to the width of the electrodes of the welding machine employed for welding the lattice, since the wrap wires and the weft wires are welded at the crossing points.

This shape is also chosen as a function of the total elongation rate corresponding to the necessary expansion.

The same is true as concerns the choice of the steel of the corrugated wires 2 whose elongation characteristic must be considered as a function of the required expansion.

Now, let is be assumed that it is required to construct a reinforcement for a concrete tubular element T having a socket e (FIG. 3). There is cut from the lattice according to the invention a section A (FIG. 1) whose dimensions correspond to the those of the reinforcement to be embodied in this pipe or tubular element T. This-section can be cut at the site of construction of the pipes from a roll of lattice or in a factory and delivered to the site in the flat condition.

This section has, in the direction of the weft wires, the desired length for the reinforcement, whereas in the direction of the

warp wires

1, 2 it has a length equal to 1rd, in which d is the desired diameter of the body of the reinforcement, that is, the part which is not the socket part (FIG. 2).

The section A of lattice is bent and welded in the form of cylindrical blank or prereinforcement B (FIG. 2.). In this prereinforcement B the

warp wires

1 and 2 become transverse circular rings 1 and 2' whereas the weft wires 3 remain rectilinear and embody generatrices of the resulting cylindrical prereinforcement B. In this prereinforcement B, the rings I and 2" have a diameter d roughly corresponding to the mean diameter ab of the wall of the body of the concrete pipe T to be obtained.

Note that the rings 2 formed by the corrugated wires 2 have an apparent perimeter 1rd which is equal to the perimeter of the rings 1 formed by the wires 1 but a real length which is substantially greater than this perimeter owing to their convolutions, corrugations or other nonrectilinear portions.

When employing this prereinforcement B benefit is had of the existence of these corrugated portions of wires 2, which constitute a sort of reserve by expansion of the rings 2 and afford larger rings 2" (FIG. 3), the diameter D of the rings 2 corresponding to the mean diameter of the wall of the socket e of the pipe and being substantially greater than the initial diameter d which corresponds to the diameter of the rings i since the socket of a concrete pipe has a cross section which is greater than that of the body of the pipe.

In order to change from the cylindrical prereinforcement B shown in FIG. 2 to the final reinforcement C shown in FIG. 3, the prereinforcement B is mounted on a expanding machine for expanding the rings 2. This expansion is achieved by means of a known apparatus, such as an expansible mandrel controlled by hydraulic pneumatic or mechanical means and inserted in the rings 2.

By means of it is apparatus, only the corrugated rings 2 are expanded and undergo both a mechanical circumferential elongation owing to the straightening of the corrugations or other deformations and an intrinsec elongation, that is an elongation in the fibers of the metal. Owing to the restoration of the excess length of the corrugations, which were as it were put in reserve in the initial lattice, the total elongation of the rings from 2 and 2" can be considerable and in any case substantially greater than the intrinsec possibilities of elongation of uncorrugated wires.

The longitudinal wires 3 are also expanded near their ends in the connection zone 4 between the expanded part and the nonexpanded part. However, this connection zone 4 is of short length so that the natural or intrinsic elongation or the wires 3 is sufficient to permit the deformation.

In this way, the final reinforcement C shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. This reinforcement comprises a number of longitudinal wires 3 embodying the generatrices of the reinforcing cage, a large number of nonexpanded circular rings 1 of uncorrugated'wire and, in the zone of the socket, a small number of rings 2 of wire which is still more or less deformed, the corrugations, folds or other convolutions not having completely disappeared upon the expansion.

Finally, in order to obtain the reinforced concrete pipe T, this reinforcement C is placed in a mould into which the concrete is poured. The reinforcement is embodied in the concrete. The pouring can be carried out in a static mould or the expanded perimeter corresponding to the socket of the pipe T after adding the elongation due to the straightening of the deformations. This steel may be, for example and not exclusively, a SIEMENS-MARTIN steel or an oxygen-blown steel.

Note moreover that although the uncorrugated wires of the rings 1 and of the generatrices 3 may be bright wires, that is to say, wires hardened by drawing, since they are not intended to be elongated and their elongation characteristics before fracture can be low, the wires 2 may be of a steel having higher characteristics of elongation before fracture and preferably but not exclusively, nonaging.

Owing to the initial deformation of the wires 2 in the form of sinuosities, convolutions, corrugations or folds, it is possible to elongate them to a substantially greater extent than would be permitted by the intrinsic elongation characteristics of these wires when uncorrugated. Consequently, it is possible to manufacture in one piece a reinforcement for a concrete pipe having a socket by a large expansion of the part of the prereinforcement B corresponding to the socket zone of the pipe T intended to be reinforced.

Thus, owing to the invention, it is possible to construct a reinforcement in one piece, which is quicker to produce and employ than known reinforcements in two pieces which are interconnected. This one-piece reinforcement can be more easily bent than reinforcements in two pieces in the mould for the concrete element or pipe.

Further, instead of transporting the reinforcements to the place of manufacture of the concrete pipes, in the prefabricated form, which is space-consuming and liable to damage the reinforcements in the course of transport, the simplicity of the method according to the invention enables the reinforcements to be constructed on the site, from rolls or panels of lattices which are easy to transport with the minimum of space consumption.

The numerical examples of the following table show the substantial increase in the possibilities of elongation of the lattice wires, owing to the length of wire which is put in reserve in each corrugations and restored by straightening.

This table shows the results of statistics established from many samples having undergone tensiles stresses under 'the conditions prescribed in the Rules for the use of reinforced concrete BA 68.

The samples were plane lattices of steel wires having a diameter of 3.90 mm.; the deformed wires had sinusoidal corrugations whose pitch or wavelength was 30 mm. and whose amplitude was of the order of 10 mm.

NOTE: Elongation increases when the width of the meshes of the lattice decrease.

in a centrifugal casting mould.

Thus, it will be understood that the shape and amplitude of the convolutions, sinuosities, corrugations, folds or other deformations of the wires 2 must be such that the sum of the intrinsic elongation of the wires 2, due to the characteristics of elongation proper to these wires, and the elongation of restorationdue to the straightening of the deformations, allows an amplitude of expansion of these wires 2 which is sufficient to produce, without fracture, a reinforcement for a socket having a diameter D substantially greater than the diameter d of the body of the armature.

In view of the fact that for practical reasons the length of wire put in reserve in the deformations is nonetheless limited, the steel of the wires 2 is selected from a quality having an in- As can be seen, the gain in total elongation obtained with bright wire owing to the corrugations is increased by 25 percent in absolute value. Its relative value is considerable since it is multiplied by about 6.

The gain in the elongation due to the corrugations with annealed wire is between 21 and 25 percent in absolute value. It is less in relative value than in the case of the bright wire since the intrinsic elongation characteristics of this wire when uncorrugated are already appreciable.

However, the total elongation is greater for the annealed corrugated wire than for the bright corrugated wire so that it allows a greater expansion than the corrugated bright wire, which corresponds to a greater ratio between the diameter of the socket of the pipe and the diameter of the body of the trinsic elongation characteristic which is sufficient to obtain pipe.

The example described hereinbefore relates to a concrete pipe having a circular section. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the invention is applied to a pipe T having an oval section and a flat portion. The reinforcement C has a corresponding shape. This shape is applicable in particular to concrete pipes for drains.

The deformations (folds, sinuosities, loops, convolutions or corrugations) can be in the plane of the lattice panel or project from this plane, that is, the deformations can be, in the bent reinforcement cage, in thetheoretical surface similar to that of the tubular element and passing through the longitudinal or generatrix wires, or project inwardly or outwardly relative to this theoretical surface and oriented in any way.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described, many modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Thus the-invention is applicable not only to tubular elements but also to oval, elliptical or prismatic tubular elements, the reinforcement having an oval, elliptical or prismatic shape.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

I claim:

l. A method for producing a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element having a socket, from a lattice having warp wires and weft wires and wherein a number of the warp wires have successive deformed nonrectilinear portions, the deformations of said portions being permanent and such that, upon exertion of tensile stress thereon, said portions can be at least partially straightened, whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear, said method comprising, in a first stage, forming a prereinforcement by bending and closing onto themselves, in the form of welded rings, the transverse wires of a section of said lattice, said section being such that the transverse wires corresponding to the socket, and only these wires, have a succession of permanently deformed nonrectilinear portions so that they have an apparent perimeter equal to the perimeter of the nondeformed transverse wires of the rest of the prereinforcement but a real length substantially greater than said perimeter, then, in a second stage, radially expanding the prereinforcement so as to elongate at least partially said nonrectilinear portions of the transverse wires of its socket and impart thereto an apparent perimeter which is substantially greater than that of the rest of the prereinforcement and corresponds to that of the desired socket of the reinforcement.

Claims

1. A method for producing a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element having a socket, from a lattice having warp wires and weft wires and wherein a number of the warp wires have successive deformed nonrectilinear portions, the deformations of said portions being permanent and such that, upon exertion of tensile stress thereon, said portions can be at least partially straightened, whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear, said method comprising, in a first stage, forming a prereinforcement by bending and closing onto themselves, in the form of welded rings, the transverse wires of a section of said lattice, said section being such that the transverse wires corresponding to the socket, and only these wires, have a succession of permanently deformed nonrectilinear portions so that they have an apparent perimeter equal to the perimeter of the nondeformed transverse wires of the rest of the prereinforcement but a real length substantially greater than said perimeter, then, in a second stage, radially expanding the prereinforcement so as to elongate at least partially said nonrectilinear portions of the transverse wires of its socket and impart thereto an apparent perimeter which is substantially greater than that of the rest of the prereinforcement and corresponds to that of the desired socket of the reinforcement.