US3554552A - Frangible article composed of polystyrene and polyethylene waxes - Google Patents

Frangible article composed of polystyrene and polyethylene waxes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554552A
US3554552A US711509A US3554552DA US3554552A US 3554552 A US3554552 A US 3554552A US 711509 A US711509 A US 711509A US 3554552D A US3554552D A US 3554552DA US 3554552 A US3554552 A US 3554552A
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article
polystyrene
weight
percent
acid
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US711509A
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Thomas F Nixon
John A Barber
Floyd B Nagle
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J1/00—Targets; Target stands; Target holders
    • F41J1/01—Target discs characterised by their material, structure or surface, e.g. clay pigeon targets characterised by their material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/06—Polystyrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S273/00—Amusement devices: games
    • Y10S273/02—Styrene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S273/00—Amusement devices: games
    • Y10S273/04—Ethylene

Definitions

  • This invention concerns fragile molded articles composed low molecular weight polystyrene and polyethylene waxes, together with a lubricant or mold release agent, which fragile articles are suitable for use as targets in practice shooting.
  • compositions of low molecular weight polystyrene and polyethylene waxes together with a small amount of a fatty acid sufficient to act as lubricant and mold release agent, can readily becompression or injection molded to make fragile articles suitable for use in practice shooting.
  • compositions consist essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of the polystyrene, from 0.5 to 3.0 percent by weight of the polyethylene wax and from 0.1 to 0.3 percent by weight of a fatty acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • the polystyrene to be employed can have a molecular weight corresponding to a viscosity characteristic of from about 12 to about 30, preferably from 15 to 25, centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of the polystyrene in toluene at 25 C.
  • the polyethylene wax can be a polyethylene having a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 4,000.
  • Such polyethylenes have (Brookfield) viscosities of from about 2,000 to 6,000 centipoise at 250 F. 121 C.)
  • the fatty acid can be an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • suitable fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and cerotic acid. Mixtures of two or more of said fatty acids can also be used.
  • the fatty acids are preferably saturated aliphatic acids, but monoethylenically unsaturated fatty acids such as dodecylenic, palmitic, oleic, ricinoleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, licanic, parinaric, tariric, gadoleic, arachidonic, cetoleic, erucic or selacholeic, acid or mixtures thereof with one another or with the aforementioned saturated fatty acids can also be used.
  • monoethylenically unsaturated fatty acids such as dodecylenic, palmitic, oleic, ricinoleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, licanic, parinaric, tariric, gadoleic, arachidonic, cetoleic, erucic or se
  • the ingredients can be blended together in any usual way.
  • the polystyrene in granular or powdered form, the polyethylene in particulate or in finely powdered form and the fatty acid can be dry blended by tumbling a mixture of the ingredients in the desired proportions in a suitable bender.
  • the mixture of ingredients can be dry blended, compounded or mixed on compounding rolls, a Banbury mixer or in a plastics extruder.
  • ingredients are dry blended and fed to a plastics extruder wherein the materials are heated, pressed and mechanically worked and blended into a uniform product which is then extruded and is cooled and cut to a granular form suitable for molding.
  • compositions either the dry blended or the melt blended mixture of ingredients is employed to compression, injection, or screw injection mold said material into articles suitable for a desired purpose, e.g. as discs or as half sphere shells which are usually glued together to form balls suitable for use as targets in practice shooting. It may be mentioned that for use as targets two half sphere shells are adhered together by adhesive or solvent softening of the edges to form spheres.
  • the walls of the moldings suitable for use as targets in practice shooting usually have a thickness of from about 0.01 to 0.03 inch, although somewhat greater or lesser wall thickness of the moldings can be used to make fragile targets.
  • EPOLENE a waxlike polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 2,500 together with 0.25 part of powdered stearic acid, was dry blended, then was fed to a plastics extruder wherein the ingredients were heated, melted and blended into a uniform composition and were extruded, cooled and cut or broken to a granular form. Portions of the product were compression molded at a temperature of about 150 C. and 500 pounds per square inch pressure to form half sphere shells 2% inches in diameter having walls 0.025 inch thick. The molded half sphere shells were easily removed from the mold without sticking or breakage.
  • Two molded half shell spheres were solvent welded to form a sphere.
  • the spheres were fragile objects, easily broken by dropping on the floor or by other impact.
  • Test specimens of the spheres were shot with No. 12 (mustard seed) shot shells fired from a 22 caliber smooth bore gun and were found toreadily shatter into a great plurality of pieces upon being hit.
  • the fragile plastic spheres were useful targets for practice of indoors shooting with pellets and fine shot..
  • a fragile article of manufacture comprising a molding having walls between 0.01 and 0.03 inch thick, prepared from a composition consisting essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of from 12 to 30 centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of said polystyrene in toluene at 25 C., from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of a polyethylene having a viscosity between 2,000 and 6,000 centipoise at 121 C., and from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • An article of manufacture suitable for use as a target in practice and competition shooting comprising a fragile hollow sphere having walls between 0.01 and 0.03 inch thick prepared by molding half sphere shells from a composition consisting essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of from 10 to 30 centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of said polystyrene in toluene at 25. C., from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of a polyethylene having a viscosity between 2,000 and 6,000 centipoise at 121 C. and from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule, and adhesively forming two half sphere shells to one another.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention comprises fragile molded articles composed of compositions of polystyrene and polyethylene waxes, together with a lubricant or mold release agent, which articles are useful as targets in the practice of skeet shooting.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventors Thomas E. Nixon;
John A. Barber; Floyd B. Nagle, Midland,
Mich.
211 Appl. No. 711,509
[22] Filed Mar. 8, 1968 [45] Patented Jan. 12, 1971 [73] Assignee The Dow Chemical Company Midland, Mich. a corporation of Delaware [54] FRANGIBLE ARTICLE COMPOSED OF POLYSTYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE WAXES 8 Claims, No Drawings [52] US. Cl 273/105.4, 260/285 [51] Int. Cl; F4lj 9/16,
[50] Field ofSearch 272/56.6ss; 273/ 105.4, 105.5, (Styrene Digest), (Ethylene Digest); 260/28.5A, (inquired) Primary Examiner-Anton O. Oechsle Assistant ExaminerMarvin Siskind AttomeysGriswold & Burdick and Richard G. Waterman ABSTRACT: The invention comprises fragile molded articles composed of compositions of polystyrene and polyethylene waxes, together with a lubricant or mold release agent, which articles are useful as targets in the practice of skeet shooting.
FRANGIBLE ARTICLE COMPOSED F POLYSTYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE WAXES This invention concerns fragile molded articles composed low molecular weight polystyrene and polyethylene waxes, together with a lubricant or mold release agent, which fragile articles are suitable for use as targets in practice shooting.
It has now been foun? that compositions of low molecular weight polystyrene and polyethylene waxes, together with a small amount of a fatty acid sufficient to act as lubricant and mold release agent, can readily becompression or injection molded to make fragile articles suitable for use in practice shooting.
More specifically, the compositions consist essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of the polystyrene, from 0.5 to 3.0 percent by weight of the polyethylene wax and from 0.1 to 0.3 percent by weight of a fatty acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule. v
The polystyrene to be employed can have a molecular weight corresponding to a viscosity characteristic of from about 12 to about 30, preferably from 15 to 25, centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of the polystyrene in toluene at 25 C.
The polyethylene wax can be a polyethylene having a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 4,000. Such polyethylenes have (Brookfield) viscosities of from about 2,000 to 6,000 centipoise at 250 F. 121 C.)
The fatty acid can be an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule. Among suitable fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and cerotic acid. Mixtures of two or more of said fatty acids can also be used. The fatty acids are preferably saturated aliphatic acids, but monoethylenically unsaturated fatty acids such as dodecylenic, palmitic, oleic, ricinoleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, licanic, parinaric, tariric, gadoleic, arachidonic, cetoleic, erucic or selacholeic, acid or mixtures thereof with one another or with the aforementioned saturated fatty acids can also be used. I
The ingredients can be blended together in any usual way. For example, the polystyrene in granular or powdered form, the polyethylene in particulate or in finely powdered form and the fatty acid, can be dry blended by tumbling a mixture of the ingredients in the desired proportions in a suitable bender. The mixture of ingredients can be dry blended, compounded or mixed on compounding rolls, a Banbury mixer or in a plastics extruder.
In a preferred practice the ingredients are dry blended and fed to a plastics extruder wherein the materials are heated, pressed and mechanically worked and blended into a uniform product which is then extruded and is cooled and cut to a granular form suitable for molding. 7
ln molding the compositions either the dry blended or the melt blended mixture of ingredients is employed to compression, injection, or screw injection mold said material into articles suitable for a desired purpose, e.g. as discs or as half sphere shells which are usually glued together to form balls suitable for use as targets in practice shooting. It may be mentioned that for use as targets two half sphere shells are adhered together by adhesive or solvent softening of the edges to form spheres.
The walls of the moldings suitable for use as targets in practice shooting usually have a thickness of from about 0.01 to 0.03 inch, although somewhat greater or lesser wall thickness of the moldings can be used to make fragile targets.
Small amounts of dyes, coloring agents, pigments and the like can be incorporated into the compositions to make molded articles prepared therefrom more visible, are not required.
The following example illustrates ways in which the principle of the invention has been applied but is not to be construed aslimitin itssco g pe EXAMPLE parts of EPOLENE, (a waxlike polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 2,500 together with 0.25 part of powdered stearic acid, was dry blended, then was fed to a plastics extruder wherein the ingredients were heated, melted and blended into a uniform composition and were extruded, cooled and cut or broken to a granular form. Portions of the product were compression molded at a temperature of about 150 C. and 500 pounds per square inch pressure to form half sphere shells 2% inches in diameter having walls 0.025 inch thick. The molded half sphere shells were easily removed from the mold without sticking or breakage. Two molded half shell spheres were solvent welded to form a sphere. The spheres were fragile objects, easily broken by dropping on the floor or by other impact. Test specimens of the spheres were shot with No. 12 (mustard seed) shot shells fired from a 22 caliber smooth bore gun and were found toreadily shatter into a great plurality of pieces upon being hit. The fragile plastic spheres were useful targets for practice of indoors shooting with pellets and fine shot..
In contrast, a similar formulation prepared molecular weight polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of 34.6 centipoise and an Mw of about 61,500 and a Mn of about 21,000 was unsatisfactory.
We claim:
l. A fragile article of manufacture comprising a molding having walls between 0.01 and 0.03 inch thick, prepared from a composition consisting essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of from 12 to 30 centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of said polystyrene in toluene at 25 C., from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of a polyethylene having a viscosity between 2,000 and 6,000 centipoise at 121 C., and from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule.
2. An article as claimed in claim 1 containing an orange dye.
3. An article as claimed in claim 1 when in the form of a disc.
4. An article as claimed in claim 1 when in the form of a hollow sphere.
5. An article of manufacture suitable for use as a target in practice and competition shooting comprising a fragile hollow sphere having walls between 0.01 and 0.03 inch thick prepared by molding half sphere shells from a composition consisting essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of from 10 to 30 centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of said polystyrene in toluene at 25. C., from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of a polyethylene having a viscosity between 2,000 and 6,000 centipoise at 121 C. and from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule, and adhesively forming two half sphere shells to one another.
6. An article as claimed in claim 5 containing an orange dye.
7. An article as claimed in claim 5 wherein the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is stearic acid. l
8. An article as claimed in claim 5 wherein the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is behenic acid.
from low

Claims (7)

  1. 2. An article as claimed in claim 1 containing an orange dye.
  2. 3. An article as claimed in claim 1 when in the form of a disc.
  3. 4. An article as claimed in claim 1 when in the form of a hollow sphere.
  4. 5. An article of manufacture suitable for use as a target in practice and competition shooting comprising a fragile hollow sphere having walls between 0.01 and 0.03 inch thick prepared by molding half sphere shells from a cOmposition consisting essentially of from 96.7 to 99.4 percent by weight of polystyrene having a viscosity characteristic of from 10 to 30 centipoise as determined for a 30 weight percent solution of said polystyrene in toluene at 25* C., from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of a polyethylene having a viscosity between 2,000 and 6,000 centipoise at 121* C. and from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms in the molecule, and adhesively forming two half sphere shells to one another.
  5. 6. An article as claimed in claim 5 containing an orange dye.
  6. 7. An article as claimed in claim 5 wherein the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is stearic acid.
  7. 8. An article as claimed in claim 5 wherein the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is behenic acid.
US711509A 1968-03-08 1968-03-08 Frangible article composed of polystyrene and polyethylene waxes Expired - Lifetime US3554552A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975494A (en) * 1974-12-02 1976-08-17 Claude Tritenne Method of making synthetic-resin target pigeon
US3996176A (en) * 1972-03-08 1976-12-07 Zareh Lorenian Method of manufacturing shaped members of synthetic thermoplastic materials free of softeners
DE2627695A1 (en) * 1975-06-20 1976-12-30 Nippon Oil Co Ltd CLAY PIGEON
DE3834242A1 (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-12 Uwe Dr Lasch Target object for sports shooting
FR2685465A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-25 Viabilite Ste Ind Target for clay-pigeon shooting game
GB2320901A (en) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-08 Peter Alan Booth Clay pigeon target compositions
US5947475A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-09-07 Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc. Environmentally safe projectable targets
US6394457B2 (en) 1997-05-16 2002-05-28 Reagent Chemical & Res Inc Safe projectable target
WO2007135643A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Master S.R.L. Target for clay pigeon shooting

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2353228A (en) * 1941-08-01 1944-07-11 Bakelite Corp Polystyrene molding composition
US3224984A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-12-21 Shell Oil Co Process of preparing expanded polystyrene containing a polyolefin
US3271119A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-09-06 Paul T Woodberry Foamed plastic structure having a uniform continuous metal coating integrally bonded to the surface thereof
US3355404A (en) * 1965-01-25 1967-11-28 Dow Chemical Co Styrene polymers containing behenic acid as a lubricant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2353228A (en) * 1941-08-01 1944-07-11 Bakelite Corp Polystyrene molding composition
US3224984A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-12-21 Shell Oil Co Process of preparing expanded polystyrene containing a polyolefin
US3271119A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-09-06 Paul T Woodberry Foamed plastic structure having a uniform continuous metal coating integrally bonded to the surface thereof
US3355404A (en) * 1965-01-25 1967-11-28 Dow Chemical Co Styrene polymers containing behenic acid as a lubricant

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996176A (en) * 1972-03-08 1976-12-07 Zareh Lorenian Method of manufacturing shaped members of synthetic thermoplastic materials free of softeners
US3975494A (en) * 1974-12-02 1976-08-17 Claude Tritenne Method of making synthetic-resin target pigeon
DE2627695A1 (en) * 1975-06-20 1976-12-30 Nippon Oil Co Ltd CLAY PIGEON
FR2316574A1 (en) * 1975-06-20 1977-01-28 Nippon Oil Co Ltd PERFECTED CLAY PIGEON
US4124550A (en) * 1975-06-20 1978-11-07 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Clay pigeon
DE3834242A1 (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-12 Uwe Dr Lasch Target object for sports shooting
FR2685465A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-25 Viabilite Ste Ind Target for clay-pigeon shooting game
GB2320901A (en) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-08 Peter Alan Booth Clay pigeon target compositions
GB2320901B (en) * 1997-01-04 2000-11-15 Peter Alan Booth Targets and a method of manufacturing same
US5947475A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-09-07 Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc. Environmentally safe projectable targets
US6394457B2 (en) 1997-05-16 2002-05-28 Reagent Chemical & Res Inc Safe projectable target
US6428007B2 (en) 1997-05-16 2002-08-06 Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc. Environmentally safe projectable targets
WO2007135643A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Master S.R.L. Target for clay pigeon shooting

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