US3542291A - Streaming - Google Patents
Streaming Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3542291A US3542291A US734089A US3542291DA US3542291A US 3542291 A US3542291 A US 3542291A US 734089 A US734089 A US 734089A US 3542291D A US3542291D A US 3542291DA US 3542291 A US3542291 A US 3542291A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- inlet
- boundary layer
- wall
- plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Streaming to supersonic speeds with small nozzles using boundary layers to define effective nozzle surfaces and inlet end implosion of gas at greater than environmental pressure to intensify shock power at the nozzle outlet.
- STREAMING This invention relates to streaming at supersonic speeds using small nozzles in which effective nozzle surfaces are defined by boundary layer effects, and represents an improvement on the subject matter of the pending application of Nathaniel Hughes, Ser. No. 718,447, filed Apr. 3, 1968, now US. Pat. No. 3,531,048, Supersonic Streaming", the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- An object of the invention is to increase the intensity of the shock process at the outlet of nozzles embodying the invention of said Hughes application and to provide more effective sculpturing of the effective nozzle surfaces.
- Other objects include increasing the volume of flow in the boundary layer, and the operating pressure range of the nozzle.
- the invention features implosion at the nozzle inlet of gas of greater than environmental pressure into a zone intermediate the main flow stream and the inner surface of the nozzle.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in section, from a first point of view, of said preferred embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a perspective sectional view, taken at 2-2 of FIG. 1, from a second point of view of said embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken at 3-3 ofFlG. 1.
- FIG. I a nozzle unit indicated generally at 10, and including a housing 12 and a body 14.
- Both housing 12 and'body 14 are formed of free-machining brass, and the interrupted cylindrical outer surface of the latter press-fittedly engages the cylindrical inner surface of the former.
- the housing 12 bears threads 16 for use in connecting the device in line with a source of air pressure and opposed parallel flat surfaces 18 to facilitate application of a wrench to the device.
- Body 14 includes inlet portion 20 including, coaxial with said body, nozzle feed hole 22 and inlet hold 24, the downstream end of the latter lying in the nozzle inlet plane. Downstream of said plane, the body 14 includes boundary layer confining wall 26. The outer surface of body 14 is circumferentially relieved over most of said confining wall 26, but not at the downstream extremity thereof, which is left unrelieved to form circumferential housing engaging ring 28.
- Four holes 30 with centerlines spaced 90 and all lying in the same plane perpendicular to the body 14 axis extend through confining wall 26.
- the wall 26 defines with the inner surface of housing 12 and with the ring 28 a manifold 32 fed through the zones defined between flats 34 of the inlet portion 20 and the housing 12 inner surface.
- Two symmetrical circle segments defined by flats 34 of inlet portion 20 and the inner surface of wall 26, lie in the plane (perpendicular to the body 14 axis) at the upstream end of wall 26.
- Wall portion 26 terminates at its downstream inner surface in 45 countersink 38.
- the inner surface of wall 26 and inlet hole 24 are concentric to within 0.001 inch.
- air at a low pressure is introduced into the housing 12 at its threaded upstream end. Part of the air then passes through nozzle feed hole 22 and nozzle inlet hole 24 into the nozzle proper, which is defined by boundary layer confining wall 26. Another part of the air moves through the two zones, segments of circles in transverse cross section, alongside the parallel and opposed flats 34, to be divided then by the wall 26. Part of the air passes through the two symmetrical circle segments 36 into the nozzle, to enhance boundary layer flow and energy and the work done by the outlet shocks.
- the boundary layer thickness rapidly increases, to effectively define the converging portion of a converging-diverging supersonic nozzle.
- the holes 30 are placed with their axes in the plane at which the effective nozzle diameter is smallest, the throat, at which air speed is transonic. Downstream of the throat the supersonic speeds cause steady boundary layer thickness decay, to define effectively the diverging portion of the supersonic nozzle.
- Countersink 38 at 45 facilitates jet entrance to the atmosphere.
- Nozzle parameters are calculated in the manner set forth in said pending application.
- the desired power (the product of nozzle inlet pressure P, and flow rate V, often expressed in cubic feet per minute 'C.F.M.) is first chosen by fixing P,- and V to give the desired P,-
- the desired jet outlet pressure P is then selected.
- the matching ratio of effective nozzle outlet area (A,,) to effective throat area (A is selected.
- Nozzle length from inlet plane to holes 30 centerline L and overall length L downstream of the inlet plane are then selected to give the appropriate, owing to boundary layer growth and decay for the nozzle inside diameter D, chosen, effective throat diameter D and outlet diameter D,,.
- the parameters are:
- Hole 30 diameter0.062 inches. Hole 24 diameter-0.076 inches. Hole 24 length-0.025 inches.
- the resultant supersonic jet is useful for many purposes, e.g., atomization, as taught in said pending application.
- a liquid may be separately added to the air or other gas upstream of threaded end 16, as by means of a simple tee, in a gas-liquid weight ratio of, say, 1 to 4 or 5.
- Mixing begins through a rotary action that begins even upstream of hole 22, and continues therein.
- flow rate per unit area is much less in the nozzle inlet plane than at said passageways than at hole 24, because of the differing respective effects of adjacency of the slower boundary layer and of the faster central nozzle portion.
- the liquid portion moves, with the swirling motion, by centrifugal force into the boundary layer. More liquid enters the boundary layer, with gas, through holes 30. All this liquid entering the boundary layer helps to form it up with less gas use,
- a nozzle device comprising:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73408968A | 1968-06-03 | 1968-06-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3542291A true US3542291A (en) | 1970-11-24 |
Family
ID=24950271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US734089A Expired - Lifetime US3542291A (en) | 1968-06-03 | 1968-06-03 | Streaming |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3542291A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3750947A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1973-08-07 | Energy Sciences Inc | Atomizing nozzle assembly |
US4378088A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1983-03-29 | Ewing James W | Liquid atomizing method and apparatus |
US6156120A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 2000-12-05 | Aventis | Apparatus for the uniform distribution of a small amount of liquid on bulk materials |
-
1968
- 1968-06-03 US US734089A patent/US3542291A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3750947A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1973-08-07 | Energy Sciences Inc | Atomizing nozzle assembly |
US4378088A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1983-03-29 | Ewing James W | Liquid atomizing method and apparatus |
US6156120A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 2000-12-05 | Aventis | Apparatus for the uniform distribution of a small amount of liquid on bulk materials |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GREEN, NORMAN E., STATELESS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PARKER & HALE, A CA PARTNERSHIP;REEL/FRAME:004071/0640 Effective date: 19821112 Owner name: NATHANIEL HUGHES, STATELESS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PARKER & HALE, A CA PARTNERSHIP;REEL/FRAME:004071/0640 Effective date: 19821112 Owner name: GREEN, NORMAN E. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PARKER & HALE, A CA PARTNERSHIP;REEL/FRAME:004071/0640 Effective date: 19821112 Owner name: NATHANIEL HUGHES Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PARKER & HALE, A CA PARTNERSHIP;REEL/FRAME:004071/0640 Effective date: 19821112 Owner name: VORTRAN CORPORATION, 315 SOUTH BEVERLY DRIVE, SUIT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:HUGHES, NATHANIEL;GREEN NORMAN E.;REEL/FRAME:004066/0868 Effective date: 19821116 |