US3485117A - Torque wrench - Google Patents
Torque wrench Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3485117A US3485117A US708388A US3485117DA US3485117A US 3485117 A US3485117 A US 3485117A US 708388 A US708388 A US 708388A US 3485117D A US3485117D A US 3485117DA US 3485117 A US3485117 A US 3485117A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shank
- torque
- loop
- arm portion
- handle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B15/00—Screwdrivers
- B25B15/001—Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit
- B25B15/004—Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit characterised by cross-section
- B25B15/008—Allen-type keys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
- B25B23/1427—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by mechanical means
Definitions
- the Bailey torque wrench includes a shank, a loop extending laterally of the shank, and a handle extending transversely of the loop.
- the two-dimensional character of the loop produces a loop location laterally of the handle.
- the loop is closed. The closing of the loop indicates to an operator that a fixed amount of torque has been applied to the shank.
- Bailey torque wrench could also be enhanced by providing indications of multiple torque levels and by providing structure to prevent loop deformations when a fastener was being unscrewed.
- a torque wrench of this invention comprises a fastener engaging portion and a straight shank portion extending from the fastener engaging portion.
- a curved junction extends tangentially from the straight shank portion.
- a first arm portion extends tangentially of this curved junction and generally laterally of the shank portion.
- a helical loop portion extends tangentially of the first arm portion and is spaced laterally outwardly of the shank portion.
- a second arm portion extends tangentially from the helical loop portion generally toward the shank portion. This second arm portion is axially straight and exceeds the length of the first arm portion so as to cross and extend beyond the shank portion and be laterally spaced from this shank portion.
- a handle extends coaxially with the second arm portion, with the handle and helical loop portion being disposed on opposite sides of the shank portion.
- the second arm portion is displaced from the first arm portion and curved junction along the axis of the shank portion.
- the second arm portion is engageable with the shank portion, in response to a force exerted on the handle perpendicular to a plane coextensive with the shank portion and first arm portion and concurrently perpendicular to the handle.
- abutment means carried by a toque indicating device and operable to prevent undue separation of the first and second arm portions extending from the helical loop portion.
- torque indicating structure slidably mounted on the coaxially aligned second arm portion and handle and having a series of axially displaced shank engaging abutments spaced at progressively varying distance, outwarrly of the common axis of the second arm portion and handle.
- FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of a torque wrench fabricated in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 provides a top plan view of the FIGURE 1 torque wrench
- FIGURE 3 illustrates a torque indication mechanism mounted on the FIGURES 1 and 2 torque Wrench, operable to prevent undue separation of the torque controlling loop of this wrench, and additionally operable to indicate a variety of applied torque levels;
- FIGURE 4 provides a transverse sectional view of the FIGURE 3 torque indicator as viewed along the section line 4-4;
- FIGURE 5 provides a modified form of the FIGURE 3 torque indicator illustrating a stepped abutment slidably mounted on the torque wrench, with each abutment being egnageable with the torque wrench shank and operable in response to such engagement to reflect a different level of torque applied to the tool shank;
- FIGURE 6 illustrates a modified form of the FIGURE 5 torque indicator with the t rque indicating abutments being reversed in axial sequence along the axis of one arm portion of the loop;
- FIGURE 7 schematically illustrates a clip arrangement for slidably mounting the FIGURE 6 torque indicator, as viewed along the section line 77 of FIGURE 6;
- FIGURE 8 illustrates a m dified form of the FIGURE 1 torque wrench showing a transverse handle extension similar to the type employed in conjunction with a conventional brace and bit.
- the wrench structure 1 shown in FIGURE 1 is fabricated from a piece of hexagonally cross sectional, resilient steel, rod stock.
- Wrench 1 includes a fastener engaging portion 2. operable to engage a conventional, hexagonally configured, fastener head recess.
- a straight shank 3 extends axially from the fastener engaging portion 2.
- An arcuate junction 4 extends tangentially from the straight shank portion 3 at zone 5.
- a first straight arm portion 6 extends tangentially of the curved juncti n at zone 7.
- Arm portion 6 is inclined downwardly generally toward a plane intersection the fastenenengaging portion 2 and extending perpendicular of the axis of the shank 3.
- a helical loop portion 8 extends tangentially of the first arm portion 6 at zone 9. Helical loop portion 8 is spaced laterally outwardly of the shank portion 3 in the direction A, as shown in FIGURE 2.
- a second straight arm portion 10 extends tangentially from the helical loop portion 8. As shown in FIGURE 1, straight arm portion 10 extends tangentially from junction 11 and is aligned with a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the shank 3.
- Wrench 1 includes element 10 which may be considered as comprising a second arm portion, or an arm or handle portion.
- Arm portion 10 extends to rod stock zone or hand e junction 12 and substantially exceeds the length of the first arm portion 6.
- the arm portion 10, of the wrench loop zone crosses and extends beyond the shank portion 3 and is spaced laterally from the shank portion 3 in the direction B.
- arm portion 10 crosses shank 3 between junction 4 and fastener engaging portion 2.
- a handle portion 13 of the bar stock extends coaxially with the arm portion 10 from the junction zone 12.
- the handle portion 13 i.e. the point of application of manual force to the torque wrench 1
- the handle portion 13 is disposed on a side of the shank 3 opposite to the side where the helical loop portion is located with reference to the direction A.
- loop 8 is displaced and thus extends, laterally of loop zone 8, in the directions A and B.
- a wooden handle cover 14 may be telescoped over the handle extremity 13 of the wrench 1, as shown in FIG- URES l and 2, and secured in place by conventional techniques.
- the extent of torque thus applied to the shank 3, by manually manipulating the handle 13, will be a direct linear function of the distance between the shank 3 and arm portion 10 as measured along the direction B.
- FIGURES 1 and 2 structure, an operator may effectively and consistently control the application of torque force so as to be certain that in bringing the arm portion 10 into engagement with the shank 3, a predetermined and consistent level of torque is applied to the shank 3. It is not necessary to attempt to guess as to the direction to which force should be applied to the handle 13, i.e. an operator need only consisently apply force perpendicular to the handle 13 and the common plane of the arm portion 6 in shank 3. With the arm portion 10 always engaged with the axially straight shank 3, an operator is assured of a consistent degree of loop closing thereby indicating a consistent level of applied torque.
- arm portion 10 downwardly along the shank 3 provides an operator engageable, shank stabilizing zone 4. An operator may engage this zone with one hand, while applying torque to handle 13, and thereby stabilize the shank 3.
- FIGURES 3 and 4 illustrate one form of a torque indicating device preferably associated with torque wrench 1.
- This torque indicating device 15 is fabricated from resilient sheet metal and includes a U-shaped body portion 15a having two legs 15b and 15c, each terminating in a cliplike, fastening portion 16.
- Clip ortions 16 may each be fabricated in a hexagonal shape so as to conf rm to the cross section of the handle portion 10 as shown in FIGURE 4. The resilience of each clip portion 16 is such as to resiliently secure the torque indicating device on the arm portion 10.
- Sheet metal body portion 15a of the indicating device 15 projects laterally outwardly of the fastening means 16 in the general direction B, i.e., toward the shank 3.
- a torque indicating edge 19 of the t rque indicating means 15 is provided on leg 15c and includes a series of evenly spaced indicia extending across the gap between the shank 3 and the arm portion 10 in the general direction B. As the loop 8 is tightened, the shank 3 will move progressively across these markings or indicia. These indicia are evenly spaced and correlate with the torque applied to shank 3, which is a substantially linear function of the gap between arm portion 10 and shank 3. As will be apparent, the markings closest to the arm portion 10 will be indicative of a greater level of applied torque, when aligned with the shank 3, than will the markings disposed laterally outwardly near the abutment 18 when they are aligned with the shank. By bringing spaced abutment 3 ones or surfaces 10a and 3a of arm portion 10 and shank 3, respectively, into contact, an operator will have exerted a predetermined, maximum allowable torque on the shank 3.
- FIG- URE 5 A modified and still further advantageous form of the FIGURE 3 torque indicating device is shown in FIG- URE 5.
- the modified torque indicating unit or device 20 includes a tubular base portion 21, slidably mounted on the arm 10.
- Base portion 21 may include a central recess 22 conforming in cross section to the cross section of the arm portion 10 and frictionally engageable with the outer periphery of the arm portion 10.
- a hooklike abutment 23 carried by the torque indicating device 20 serves to limit opening up of the loop 8 in exactly the same way that the abutment 18 serves this function.
- a series of cylindrical abutments of different diameters are spaced longitudinally along the axis of the arm portion 10 and encircle the opening 22. Two such abutments 24 and 25 are illustrated in FIGURE 5.
- FIGURE 6 illustrates a simplified and somewhat rcversed arrangement of the torque indicating device 20.
- torque indicating structure 26 includes a resilient clip portion 27 substantially the same as the previously described clip portion 16.
- Torque indicating unit 26 includes a first abutment 28 and a second abutment 29.
- the second abutment 29, which is disposed between the abutment 28 and the loop 8, is positioned laterally outwardly of the axis of the arm portion 10 at a greater distance than is the abutment 28.
- the loop 8 may be closed so as to bring the shank 3 into engagement with the abutment zone 10a, thereby indicating a relatively high level of applied torque.
- the abutment 28 may be disposed so as to be engageable with the shank 3 in response to loop closing. Such engagement would reflect an intermediate level of applied torque.
- the abutment 29 may be disposed so as to be engageable with the shank 3 in response to loop closing. Such engagement would, of course, reflect a relatively lower level of applied torque.
- a torque wrench 30 may be fabricated of round bar stock while maintaining a hexagonal fastener engaging end 2.
- fastener engaging end 2 may be modified so as to provide a female or male type fastener engaging portion conforming to the structural characteristics of a wide variety of conventional fasteners.
- the handle portion 13 of the wrench 30 may be provided with a conventional brace and bit-type extension 31.
- This extension would include a shank 32 extending parallel to the shank portion 3.
- a handle extension portion 33 extends from shank portion 32, perpendicular to portion 32.
- Another handle extension portion 34 may be disposed so as to be coaxially aligned with the shank 3 and perpendicular to the handle extension portion 33.
- wrench 30 includes components 2, 3, 6, 8 and 10, corresponding to the same numbered components of wrench 1.
- a conventional knob 35 may be journaled on the handle extension portion 34. With this arrangement an operator would grasp the handle 35 with one hand, with the fastener engaging portion 2 engaged with the fastener to be torqued. With the other hand, the operator would apply force substantially perpendicular to the arm 10 and the common plane of the shank 3 and arm portion 6.
- a prime advantage of the invention resides in ensuring that torque is effectively and predominantly controlled by the single, helical loop portion 8.
- This arrangement it is possible for an operator to apply force to the wrench handle in an easily defined direction, i.e. perpendicular to the handle and the common plane of the shank and first arm portion, and know that a consistent level of applied torque will result.
- the helical loops and tangential loop arms confine torque control to a predictable, simple, helix portion having readily ascertainable torque resistant properties.
- the operator will also know that the arm portion 10 will always engage the straight shank portion 3, thereby further ensuring certainty in the level of applied torque. Further, the operator may readily grasp junction 4, so as to stabilize shank 3, without having his fingers pinched by the convergence of shank 3 and arm portion 10.
- torque level, indicating device With the multiple, torque level, indicating device employed, an operator may easily and readily ascertain a series of applied torque levels.
- the variously dimensioned torque indicating abutments enable torque level to be determined without having to visually observe a scale.
- the loop movement limiting abutments of the torque indicating device effectively avoids tool damage by ensuring that the loop is not opened up and stressed while attempting to unscrew fasteners.
- the bulk of the tool is maintained at an absolute minimum level, thereby facilitating its utilization and storage.
- element 10 has been referred to, synonymously as a straight arm, a handle portion, an arm portion, a handle, a second arm portion, a second arm, and an arm.
- the stock material from which the wrench is fabricated extends to a stock zone or junction zone 12.
- This zone of the bar stock constitutes the junction between the naked portion of the bar stock and the portion 13 of the bar stock which is received within the handle cover 14.
- the zone 10a of arm 10, which is adapted to abuttingly engage the zone 3a of the shank 3, has been referred to synonymously as an abutment surface.
- the metal tab 1511 has been identified synonymously as a metal portion.
- the indicating unit has been synonymously identified as an indicating device.
- a torque Wrench comprising:
- said helical loop portion curving outwardly of said shank portion and generally toward a plane intersecting said fastener engaging portion
- junction between said second, straight arm portion and said helical loop portion being substantially devoid of deflection generally parallel to said shank portion and directed toward said fastener engaging portion;
- said second arm portion being axially straight and exceeding the length of said first arm portion so as to cross and extend beyond said shank portion and be laterally spaced therefrom;
- said second arm portion being displaced from said first arm portion and curved junction along the axis of said shank portion and engageable with said shank portion in response to a force exerted on said handle perpendicular to a plane coextensive with said shank portion and first arm portion and concurrently perpendicular to said handle.
- first arm portion is inclined relative to said shank portion so as to extend generally toward said plane intersection said fastener engaging end, which plane extends perpendicular to said shank portion;
- said second arm portion is disposed coextensive with a plane extending perpendicular to said shank portion.
- a torque Wrench comprising:
- said second arm portion being axially straight and exceeding the length of said first arm portion so as to cross and extend beyond said shank portion and be laterally spaced therefrom;
- said second arm portion being displaced from said first arm portion and curved junction along the axis of said shank portion and engageable with said shank portion in response to a force exerted on said handle perpendicular to a plane coextensive with said shank portion and first arm portion and concurrently perpendicular to said handle;
- torque variations indicating means extending transversely of said fastener means and generally toward said shank portion, said torque variations indicating means being operable in response to convergence of said shank portion and second arm portion to successively indicate a plurality of torque levels applied by said handle to said shank portion.
- torque wrench as described in claim 3 wherein said torque indicating means further includes shank portion engaging, abutment means positioned on a side of said shank portion opposite to the side of said shank portion crossed by said second arm portion and operable to prevent separation of said shank portion and second arm portion.
- said fastening means is slidably mounted on said second arm portion for axially slidable movement therealong;
- said torque variation indicating means comprises a plurality of shank engaging abutment means displaced axially of said second arm portion, engageable with the side of said shank portion crossed by said second arm portion, and displaced laterally outwardly of the axis of said second arm portion at progressively greater distances, successively along the axis of said second arm portion.
- a torque wrench comprising a unitary, metallic, resilient rod of polygonal cross sections, said rod includa fastener engaging portion;
- said second arm portion being axially straight and exceeding the length of said first arm portion so as to cross and extend beyond said shank portion and be laterally spaced therefrom;
- said second arm portion being displaced from said first arm portion and curved junction, along the axis of said shank portion, and engageable with said shank portion in response to a force exerted on said handle perpendicular to a plane coextensive with said shank portion and first arm portion and concurrently perpendicular to said handle;
- said second arm portion being engageable with said shank portion between said fastener engaging portion and an operator engageable, shank stabilizing means defined by said curved junction;
- torque variation indicating means extending transversely of said fastener means and generally toward said shank portion, said torque variation indicating means being operable in response to convergence of said shank portion and second arm portion to successively indicate a plurality of torque levels applied by said handle to said shank portion;
- shank portion engaging, abutment means carried by said second arm portion and positioned on a side of said shank portion opposite to the side of said shank portion crossed by said second arm portion and operable to prevent separation of said shank portion and second arm portion.
- handle means operable to apply torque to said article engaging means
- spaced abutment means operable to converge in response to torque exerted by said handle means on said article engaging means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US70838868A | 1968-02-26 | 1968-02-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3485117A true US3485117A (en) | 1969-12-23 |
Family
ID=24845606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US708388A Expired - Lifetime US3485117A (en) | 1968-02-26 | 1968-02-26 | Torque wrench |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3485117A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6314846B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-11-13 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Torque wrench |
US20050109172A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-26 | E.T.M. Precision Tool Manufacture Ltd. | Torque indicating wrench |
US20070227314A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Surgical screwdrivers with torque control and methods of use |
US20100251861A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | Sixto Jr Robert | Torque-Limiting Fastener Driver |
WO2013008297A1 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-17 | 株式会社信防エディックス | Wrench |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1310641A (en) * | 1919-07-22 | welch | ||
US1392728A (en) * | 1921-02-12 | 1921-10-04 | William H Westman | Oil-cock wrench |
DE675755C (en) * | 1936-03-27 | 1939-05-16 | Werke Kiel Akt Ges Deutsche | Wrench |
US2936661A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1960-05-17 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Torque limiting wrench |
US3274827A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1966-09-27 | Lee A Sturtevant | Force-transmitting measuring mechanism |
US3283620A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1966-11-08 | Mcculloch Corp | Torque wrench |
US3355970A (en) * | 1966-02-23 | 1967-12-05 | Snap On Tools Corp | Pre-set adjustable torque wrenches |
-
1968
- 1968-02-26 US US708388A patent/US3485117A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1310641A (en) * | 1919-07-22 | welch | ||
US1392728A (en) * | 1921-02-12 | 1921-10-04 | William H Westman | Oil-cock wrench |
DE675755C (en) * | 1936-03-27 | 1939-05-16 | Werke Kiel Akt Ges Deutsche | Wrench |
US2936661A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1960-05-17 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Torque limiting wrench |
US3274827A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1966-09-27 | Lee A Sturtevant | Force-transmitting measuring mechanism |
US3283620A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1966-11-08 | Mcculloch Corp | Torque wrench |
US3355970A (en) * | 1966-02-23 | 1967-12-05 | Snap On Tools Corp | Pre-set adjustable torque wrenches |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6314846B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-11-13 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Torque wrench |
US20050109172A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-26 | E.T.M. Precision Tool Manufacture Ltd. | Torque indicating wrench |
US7093522B2 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2006-08-22 | E.T.M. Precision Tool Manufacture Ltd. | Torque indicating wrench |
US20070227314A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Surgical screwdrivers with torque control and methods of use |
US7331263B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-02-19 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Surgical screwdrivers with torque control and methods of use |
US20100251861A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | Sixto Jr Robert | Torque-Limiting Fastener Driver |
US8028608B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2011-10-04 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Torque-limiting fastener driver |
WO2013008297A1 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-17 | 株式会社信防エディックス | Wrench |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MCCULLOCH CORPORATION A MD CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BLACK & DECKER INC., A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004134/0336 Effective date: 19830505 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., NEW YORK Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:MC CULLOCH CORPORATION;MC CULLOCH OVERSEAS N.V.;REEL/FRAME:004158/0190 Effective date: 19830331 Owner name: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., 450 MAMARONECK A Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:MC CULLOCH CORPORATION;MC CULLOCH OVERSEAS N.V.;REEL/FRAME:004158/0190 Effective date: 19830331 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MCCULLOCH CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., FORMERLY KNOWN AS CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005365/0004 Effective date: 19900530 |