US3471768A - System for periodically reversing large direct currents - Google Patents

System for periodically reversing large direct currents Download PDF

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US3471768A
US3471768A US721985A US3471768DA US3471768A US 3471768 A US3471768 A US 3471768A US 721985 A US721985 A US 721985A US 3471768D A US3471768D A US 3471768DA US 3471768 A US3471768 A US 3471768A
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rectifiers
contacts
current
voltage
series
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Joseph E Doyle
William F Seiss
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United States Steel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/1552—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase arrangement

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  • the gate circuits of the rectifiers are selectively energized in pairs so as to provide the plating and pickling equipment full wave rectified D.C. which is reversible upon alternate energizing of the silicon controlled rectifier gate circuits.
  • This invention relates to the reversing of direct current in a load, specifically, apparatus for the periodic reverse plating an anodic-cathodic pickling of metal sheets, i.e. steel.
  • Present methods of reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling use large reversing contactors to change the direction of the large current flowing from a DC. source.
  • Such contactors are subjected to severe duty and thus have a limited service life under the heavy service loads imposed.
  • the maintenance cost of these mechanical contactors is high and the noise generated by their frequent operation is undesirable.
  • Our invention relates to the reversing of a large direct current in a load, here specifically in apparatus for the periodic reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling of metal (sheets/strip).
  • Present apparatus for reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling utilizes an outside D.C. source (purchased power) and large reversing contactors (relays) to change the direction of the large currents involved.
  • D.C. source purchased power
  • large reversing contactors resistors to change the direction of the large currents involved.
  • Such contactors are subjected to severe duty and thus have a limited service life under these severe heavy service loads. Further, the maintenance and replacement costs of these mechanical contactors is high.
  • the apparatus in requiring rapid, frequent reversal of these contactors contributes to a significant increase in the ambient noise level of the work area around the contactors as there is a significant report when these actuate. It is also recognized that there is significant strain upon the electrical components of any circuit for carrying large currents when these currents are interrupted.
  • a further object of our invention is to provide a current reversing device producing no audible sounds during operation.
  • a still further object of our invention is to provide an inexpensive, reliable source of direct current.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a current reversing device which will reverse only when a minimum value of load current is flowing.
  • the single figure is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of our invention.
  • L1, L2 and L3 indicate an A.C. power source.
  • Primary A.C. power is supplied through line switch 10 to the primary winding of main transformer 12.
  • a saturable core reactor 14 in the previously described circuit employs a separate power supply 16. The elements so far described are conventional.
  • pickling tank P Connected between secondaries 12S and 12S" of the center tapped secondary winding of the transformer 12 are pickling tank P, a current measuring device 17, including a shunt 17S and ainmeter 17A and a current smoothing coil 18.
  • a current measuring device 17 including a shunt 17S and ainmeter 17A and a current smoothing coil 18.
  • the rectifiers 19 and 20 are connected in parallel, anode to cathode, with each other and in series with secondary 12S and pickling tank P.
  • silicon controlled rectifiers 22 and 24 In series with secondary 12S and pickling tank P are silicon controlled rectifiers 22 and 24, having anodes A, cathodes C and gates G, connected in parallel with each other, anode to cathode.
  • Gate power supply 26 is connected to the gates of rectifiers 19, 20, 22 and 24 through relay contacts 2801, 2802, 30C1, and 30C2 which are sequenced by control coils 28 and 30.
  • the coils 28 and 30 are connected in parallel to power lines L2, L3.
  • An automatic repeat cycle timer 32 alternately closes its contacts 32C and 32C1 while opening the other contact.
  • the contacts are connected in parallel with each other and in series with relay coils 28 and 30, respectively. Thus, coils 28 and 30 are alternately actuated.
  • An actuating switch 38 is connected in series with the timer 36 to power lines L3, L2.
  • the gate power supply 26 includes a bridge of rectifiers 40 connected across the secondary 428 of a step down transformer 42 having its primary 42F connected to A.C. power lines L2 and L3.
  • the bridge 40 is connected in series with the gate circuit relay contacts 28C1, 28C2, 30C1 and 30C2 through current smoothing coil 44 and current limiting resistor 46.
  • Blocking diodes 48, 50, 52 and 54 are connected in the gate circuits of silicon controlled rectifiers 19, 20, 22 and 24 between the silicon controlled rectifiers and contacts 28C1, 30C1, 30C2 and 2802.
  • Switches 10 and 38 are closed to initiate operation. Closing of main power switch 10 induces an A.C. voltage in secondaries 12S and 12S", and in secondary 425. The 2.5 volt A.C. voltage induced in secondary 428 is rectified to a full wave DC. voltage in bridge 40. The coil 44 and resistor 46 serve to smooth out the ripple in the DC. voltage providing a reliable signal to the controlling contacts 28C1, 2802, 30C1 and 30C2.
  • rectifiers 19 and 24 work as a pair
  • rectifiers 20 and 22 work as a pair
  • timer 32 in operation which, for example, closes its contact 320 so as to energize relay 28 closing normally open contacts 28C1 and 28C2.
  • This gate signal induces conduction in alternate half cycles of the active rectifiers according to their orientation, thus passing a direct current through the pickling tank P.
  • the timer 32 then opens contact 32C to deenergize relay 28 and open contacts 28C1 and 28C2. This removes the signal voltage from the gates of rectifiers 19 and 24, but they continue to conduct until the induced current in secondaries 12S and 12S reaches the minimum holding value for the rectifiers 19 and 24, at which time they assume their nqn-conductive characteristic.
  • the timer 32 then closes its contact 3201 to energize relay 30 and close its normally open contacts 30C1 and 30C2 to apply a voltage to the gates of rectifiers 20 and 22 and permit conduction in alternate half cycles resulting in a direct current through the pickling tank P opposite in direction to that when relay 28 was energized.
  • On timer 32 must control contacts 320 and 3201 such that relay 30 is not activated until rectifiers 19 and 24 have assumed their non-conductive characteristics, and relay 28 is not activated until rectifiers 20 and 22 have assumed non-conductive characteristics.
  • Blocking diodes 48, 50, 52 and 54 are placed in the gate circuits of silicon controlled rectifiers .19, 20', 22 and 24 as precautionary devices. Due to the heavy load currents involved and the relatively low trigger voltage for the silicon controlled rectifiers, inductive feedback suflicient to trigger a silicon controlled rectifier is possible. Further, additional circuit protection is desired to isolate the gates from accidental trigger voltages in event of failure or malfunction of the sequencing contacts 28C1, 30C1, 30'C2 and 2802.
  • Apparatus for periodically reversing the direction of full wave rectified direct current to a load comprising an alternating current source; a transformer having a primary connected to the alternating current source and a center tapped secondary; two pairs of silicon controlled rectifiers, each of the rectifiers having an anode, a cathode, and a gate; means connecting the rectifiers of the first pair in parallel relation, anode to cathode; means connecting the rectiers of the second pair in parallel relation, anode to cathode; means connecting the first pair of rectifiers in series with the load and one half the secondary of the transformer through the center tap; means connecting the second pair of rectifiers in series with the load and the second half of the secondary of the transformer through the center tap, whereby the first pair of rectifiers and the first half of the secondary are in parallel with the second pair of rectifiers and the second half of the transformer and in series with the load; means generating a voltage of predetermined character; and means selectively and alternately applying said generated voltage to the gates of like direction rectifiers of opposite
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the load comprises pickling tanks for the reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling of metal sheets.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 including a current measuring device connected in series with the load.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 including a current smoothing coil in series with the load to smooth out ripple.
  • said means for alternately applying voltage to the gates includes an automatic repeat cycle timer having two contacts which alternately close, two relay coils connected in parallel with each other and each connected in series with one of said timer contacts, and a normally open contact in the connection between said voltage generating means and each of said rectifiers, the contacts in the connections to one pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by one relay coil and the contacts in the connections to the other pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by the other relay coil.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for generating the bias voltage of predetermined character includes a rectifier bridge circuit generating a DC. voltage, and means connecting said last named rectifier to said alternating current source.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 characterized by a current measuring device connected in series with the load.
  • Apparatus according to claim 7 characterized by a current smoothing device in series with the load to smooth out ripple.
  • said means for alternately applying voltage to the gates includes an automatic repeat cycle timer having two contacts which alternately close, two relay coils connected in parallel with each other and each connected in series with one of said timer contacts, and a normally open contact in the connection between said voltage generating means and each of said rectifiers, the contacts in the connections to one pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by one relay coil and the contacts in the connections to the other pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by the other relay coil.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 including diodes having a cathode and anode in series with the gate circuits oriented with the cathode adjacent the gate where+ by trigger voltages will be passed through to the gates but reverse induced voltages will be blocked.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

Oct. 7, 1969 J. E. DOYLE ETAL 3,471,768
SYSTEM FOR PERIODICALLY REVERSING LARGE DIRECT CURRENTS Filed April 17, 1968 A, 6. Power Source INVENTOR.
JOSEPH E. DOYLE and WILLIAM F. SE/SS Attorney United States Patent Oflice 3,471,768 SYSTEM FOR PERIODICALLY REVERSIN G LARGE DIRECT CURRENTS Joseph E. Doyle, Middlesex Township, Butler County, and William F. Seiss, Dormont Borough, Pa., assignors to United States Steel Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Filed Apr. 17, 1968, Ser. No. 721,985 Int. Cl. H02m 7/44 U.S. Cl. 321-47 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus for periodic reverse plating and anodiccathodic pickling of metal sheets or the like includes an A.C.-DC. power supply circuit composed of a bridge of silicon controlled rectifiers center tapped to a transformer through the plating and pickling equipment, the gate circuits of the rectifiers are selectively energized in pairs so as to provide the plating and pickling equipment full wave rectified D.C. which is reversible upon alternate energizing of the silicon controlled rectifier gate circuits.
This invention relates to the reversing of direct current in a load, specifically, apparatus for the periodic reverse plating an anodic-cathodic pickling of metal sheets, i.e. steel. Present methods of reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling use large reversing contactors to change the direction of the large current flowing from a DC. source. Such contactors are subjected to severe duty and thus have a limited service life under the heavy service loads imposed. The maintenance cost of these mechanical contactors is high and the noise generated by their frequent operation is undesirable.
Our invention relates to the reversing of a large direct current in a load, here specifically in apparatus for the periodic reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling of metal (sheets/strip). Present apparatus for reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling utilizes an outside D.C. source (purchased power) and large reversing contactors (relays) to change the direction of the large currents involved. Such contactors are subjected to severe duty and thus have a limited service life under these severe heavy service loads. Further, the maintenance and replacement costs of these mechanical contactors is high. The apparatus in requiring rapid, frequent reversal of these contactors contributes to a significant increase in the ambient noise level of the work area around the contactors as there is a significant report when these actuate. It is also recognized that there is significant strain upon the electrical components of any circuit for carrying large currents when these currents are interrupted.
It is therefore an object of our invention to provide a reliable current reversing device for heavy duty operation.
A further object of our invention is to provide a current reversing device producing no audible sounds during operation.
A still further object of our invention is to provide an inexpensive, reliable source of direct current.
Another object of our invention is to provide a current reversing device which will reverse only when a minimum value of load current is flowing.
These and other objects will be more apparent after referring to the following specification and attached drawing, in which:
The single figure is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of our invention.
Referring more particularly to the drawing, reference 3,471,768 Patented Oct. 7, 1969 characters L1, L2 and L3 indicate an A.C. power source. Primary A.C. power is supplied through line switch 10 to the primary winding of main transformer 12. A saturable core reactor 14 in the previously described circuit employs a separate power supply 16. The elements so far described are conventional.
Connected between secondaries 12S and 12S" of the center tapped secondary winding of the transformer 12 are pickling tank P, a current measuring device 17, including a shunt 17S and ainmeter 17A and a current smoothing coil 18. In the loop of secondary are silicon controlled rectifiers 19 and 20, having anodes A, cathodes C and gates G. The rectifiers 19 and 20 are connected in parallel, anode to cathode, with each other and in series with secondary 12S and pickling tank P. In series with secondary 12S and pickling tank P are silicon controlled rectifiers 22 and 24, having anodes A, cathodes C and gates G, connected in parallel with each other, anode to cathode.
Gate power supply 26 is connected to the gates of rectifiers 19, 20, 22 and 24 through relay contacts 2801, 2802, 30C1, and 30C2 which are sequenced by control coils 28 and 30. The coils 28 and 30 are connected in parallel to power lines L2, L3. An automatic repeat cycle timer 32 alternately closes its contacts 32C and 32C1 while opening the other contact. The contacts are connected in parallel with each other and in series with relay coils 28 and 30, respectively. Thus, coils 28 and 30 are alternately actuated. An actuating switch 38 is connected in series with the timer 36 to power lines L3, L2.
The gate power supply 26 includes a bridge of rectifiers 40 connected across the secondary 428 of a step down transformer 42 having its primary 42F connected to A.C. power lines L2 and L3. The bridge 40 is connected in series with the gate circuit relay contacts 28C1, 28C2, 30C1 and 30C2 through current smoothing coil 44 and current limiting resistor 46.
Blocking diodes 48, 50, 52 and 54 are connected in the gate circuits of silicon controlled rectifiers 19, 20, 22 and 24 between the silicon controlled rectifiers and contacts 28C1, 30C1, 30C2 and 2802.
Switches 10 and 38 are closed to initiate operation. Closing of main power switch 10 induces an A.C. voltage in secondaries 12S and 12S", and in secondary 425. The 2.5 volt A.C. voltage induced in secondary 428 is rectified to a full wave DC. voltage in bridge 40. The coil 44 and resistor 46 serve to smooth out the ripple in the DC. voltage providing a reliable signal to the controlling contacts 28C1, 2802, 30C1 and 30C2.
Depending upon which of the silicon controlled rectifiers 19, 20, 22 or 24 have the necessary voltage applied to their gates 19G, 20G, 22G and 24G, a direct current will flow in pickling tank P, current measuring device 17 and coil 18, according to the direction of flow permitted by the conducting rectifiers. In this embodiment, rectifiers 19 and 24 work as a pair, and rectifiers 20 and 22 work as a pair.
Closing of switch 38 starts timer 32 in operation which, for example, closes its contact 320 so as to energize relay 28 closing normally open contacts 28C1 and 28C2. This permits a signal voltage to be applied from power supply 26 to the gates of rectifiers 19 and 24. This gate signal induces conduction in alternate half cycles of the active rectifiers according to their orientation, thus passing a direct current through the pickling tank P. The timer 32 then opens contact 32C to deenergize relay 28 and open contacts 28C1 and 28C2. This removes the signal voltage from the gates of rectifiers 19 and 24, but they continue to conduct until the induced current in secondaries 12S and 12S reaches the minimum holding value for the rectifiers 19 and 24, at which time they assume their nqn-conductive characteristic. The timer 32 then closes its contact 3201 to energize relay 30 and close its normally open contacts 30C1 and 30C2 to apply a voltage to the gates of rectifiers 20 and 22 and permit conduction in alternate half cycles resulting in a direct current through the pickling tank P opposite in direction to that when relay 28 was energized. In its cycling functiOn timer 32 must control contacts 320 and 3201 such that relay 30 is not activated until rectifiers 19 and 24 have assumed their non-conductive characteristics, and relay 28 is not activated until rectifiers 20 and 22 have assumed non-conductive characteristics.
Blocking diodes 48, 50, 52 and 54 are placed in the gate circuits of silicon controlled rectifiers .19, 20', 22 and 24 as precautionary devices. Due to the heavy load currents involved and the relatively low trigger voltage for the silicon controlled rectifiers, inductive feedback suflicient to trigger a silicon controlled rectifier is possible. Further, additional circuit protection is desired to isolate the gates from accidental trigger voltages in event of failure or malfunction of the sequencing contacts 28C1, 30C1, 30'C2 and 2802.
Through the selective application of small trigger voltages to the gates of special bridges of silicon controlled rectifiers, the rapid, silent switching of a heavy D.C. current is accomplished. Further, the combination of the silicon controlled rectifier with the center tapped transformer and standard industrial A.C. source eliminates the need of a separate, expensive DC. power source.
We claim:
1. Apparatus for periodically reversing the direction of full wave rectified direct current to a load comprising an alternating current source; a transformer having a primary connected to the alternating current source and a center tapped secondary; two pairs of silicon controlled rectifiers, each of the rectifiers having an anode, a cathode, and a gate; means connecting the rectifiers of the first pair in parallel relation, anode to cathode; means connecting the rectiers of the second pair in parallel relation, anode to cathode; means connecting the first pair of rectifiers in series with the load and one half the secondary of the transformer through the center tap; means connecting the second pair of rectifiers in series with the load and the second half of the secondary of the transformer through the center tap, whereby the first pair of rectifiers and the first half of the secondary are in parallel with the second pair of rectifiers and the second half of the transformer and in series with the load; means generating a voltage of predetermined character; and means selectively and alternately applying said generated voltage to the gates of like direction rectifiers of opposite pairs to trigger them into conduction whereby a direct current will flow in the load in one direction and then alternately in the other direction.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the load comprises pickling tanks for the reverse plating and anodic-cathodic pickling of metal sheets.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 including a current measuring device connected in series with the load.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 including a current smoothing coil in series with the load to smooth out ripple.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 in which said means for alternately applying voltage to the gates includes an automatic repeat cycle timer having two contacts which alternately close, two relay coils connected in parallel with each other and each connected in series with one of said timer contacts, and a normally open contact in the connection between said voltage generating means and each of said rectifiers, the contacts in the connections to one pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by one relay coil and the contacts in the connections to the other pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by the other relay coil.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for generating the bias voltage of predetermined character includes a rectifier bridge circuit generating a DC. voltage, and means connecting said last named rectifier to said alternating current source.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 characterized by a current measuring device connected in series with the load.
'8. Apparatus according to claim 7 characterized by a current smoothing device in series with the load to smooth out ripple.
9. Apparatus according to claim '8 in which said means for alternately applying voltage to the gates includes an automatic repeat cycle timer having two contacts which alternately close, two relay coils connected in parallel with each other and each connected in series with one of said timer contacts, and a normally open contact in the connection between said voltage generating means and each of said rectifiers, the contacts in the connections to one pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by one relay coil and the contacts in the connections to the other pair of like direction rectifiers being operable by the other relay coil.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 including diodes having a cathode and anode in series with the gate circuits oriented with the cathode adjacent the gate where+ by trigger voltages will be passed through to the gates but reverse induced voltages will be blocked.
References Cited I UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,247,445 4/1966 Vaughan 307127 XR 3,331,009 7/1967 Samberger et al. 32l47 XR 3,394,298 7/ 1968 Logan 32l18 XR 3,418,560 12/1968 Petersen v 32l47 3,422,338 1/1969 Philipps 321-27 XR LEE T. HIX, Primary Examiner W. M. SHOOP, JR., Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 307151, 154; 317-8
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3535611A (en) * 1969-05-20 1970-10-20 Comp Generale Electricite Electrical energy converter
US3906337A (en) * 1973-04-05 1975-09-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement for feeding a DC load circuit from single phase or polyphase AC voltage mains with economizing of idle power consumption of load alternating current
US5167790A (en) * 1985-09-27 1992-12-01 Washington University Field-inversion gel electrophoresis

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3247445A (en) * 1962-01-15 1966-04-19 Bendix Corp Polarity reversible rectifying circuit
US3331009A (en) * 1963-09-30 1967-07-11 Siemens Ag Rectifier system for controlling the magnitude and polarity of direct voltage by means of two rectifier bridge networks
US3394298A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-07-23 Navy Usa Dc power supply with load potential and polarity determined by potential and polarityof a dc input signal
US3418560A (en) * 1966-08-12 1968-12-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for supplying reversible electric power to reactive loads
US3422338A (en) * 1965-10-02 1969-01-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Reversible current converter for selective direction of current flow through d.c. load and including choke coil with unidirectional current flow

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3247445A (en) * 1962-01-15 1966-04-19 Bendix Corp Polarity reversible rectifying circuit
US3331009A (en) * 1963-09-30 1967-07-11 Siemens Ag Rectifier system for controlling the magnitude and polarity of direct voltage by means of two rectifier bridge networks
US3422338A (en) * 1965-10-02 1969-01-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Reversible current converter for selective direction of current flow through d.c. load and including choke coil with unidirectional current flow
US3394298A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-07-23 Navy Usa Dc power supply with load potential and polarity determined by potential and polarityof a dc input signal
US3418560A (en) * 1966-08-12 1968-12-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for supplying reversible electric power to reactive loads

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3535611A (en) * 1969-05-20 1970-10-20 Comp Generale Electricite Electrical energy converter
US3906337A (en) * 1973-04-05 1975-09-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement for feeding a DC load circuit from single phase or polyphase AC voltage mains with economizing of idle power consumption of load alternating current
US5167790A (en) * 1985-09-27 1992-12-01 Washington University Field-inversion gel electrophoresis

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