US3469301A - Process for the production of bonded metal structures - Google Patents
Process for the production of bonded metal structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3469301A US3469301A US606026A US3469301DA US3469301A US 3469301 A US3469301 A US 3469301A US 606026 A US606026 A US 606026A US 3469301D A US3469301D A US 3469301DA US 3469301 A US3469301 A US 3469301A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- plate
- plates
- steel
- pack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
Definitions
- a coated steel or iron article is produced by spraying a. non-refractory molten metal with an oxy-acetylene gas.
- the non-refractory metal can be nickel, copper or mixtures of nickel and copper.
- the metal is sprayed on a plate and a second plate sandwiches the sprayed layer between the plates so that the sprayed metal becomes bonded upon being heated under reducing atmosphere conditions.
- This invention relates to a method of coating a steel or iron article with a nonrefractory molten metal such as copper, nickel or mixtures thereof. More particularly, this invention is concerned with a method of spraying a coating of the aforementioned metals using an oxy-acetylene mixture. Coatings which are thus formed are particularly useful as interlayers in clad articles oras cladding layers.
- the general purpose of this invention is substantially the same as explained in application Ser. No. 305,519. However, instead of using the plasma-arc spray method, an oxyacetylene mixture is used.
- the main advantage of the present invention is that there is no limit to the size of the plates being coated and the coating itself is firmly bonded to the plates. In other coating methods, particularly electroplating methods, the size of the plate being processed is limited.
- An iron or steel plate is first coated with copper, nickel or mixtures thereof by spraying same with an oxy-acetylene mixture.
- the coated article can be iron or steel, including mild or stainless steel.
- a pack or sandwich is formed with a second plate so that the coated surface of the plate is interposed between the plates, the edges of the plates are then substantially sealed, by welding for instance, and the pack is heated to a temperature in excess of about 1,200 QR, preferably about 2,000- 2,350 F. It will be understood that a pack or sandwich can be formed in any conventional Way and more than one coated plate can be confined within such a pack.
- At least one of the plates has a minimum carbon content of about 0.1%.
- one plate is a mild steel plate with a carbon content of about 0.1- 0.35% by weight, and the other plate is stainless steel.
- either plate can have its surface sprayed with the molten, nonrefractory metal. The elfect of subsequently heating the sprayed surface Within the pack is to form a reducing atmosphere in situ which reduces oxides and permits substantial diffusion of the sprayed coating into bonding surfaces of the plates so that a firm bond is achieved.
- the pack should be hot worked, preferably by forging or rolling at temperatures in excess of 1,200 F. and preferably 2,000-2,350 F.
- the oxy-acetylene mixture is used to melt the metal being applied, preferably a nickel wire or rod, with the force of the oxyacetylene stream spraying the nickel on the surface of the steel plate. It will be understood that both iron and steel plates, ingots, slabs and the like are included in the method described herein.
- Each insert was cleaned with alcohol and a chromic oxide parting compound was applied on the parting side of each plate in the conventional manner.
- the bond sides of the backing plates were grit blasted and a single assembly was formed of the two specimens with the stainless steel inserts being confined within the assembly.
- the sides of the assembly were closed with weld seams and a vent hole was drilled in the center of one of the weld seams in the assembly.
- A plasma-arc
- p.s.i. B oxy-acetylene
- Micro-examination indicated that the fracture in Specimen A occurred at the nickel-stainless steel interface.
- a method of producing a coated steel or iron article Comprising the steps of spraying with oxy-acetylene gas a nonrefractory molten metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and mixtures thereof, on the surface of a steel plate, forming a substantially sealed pack with said late and at least one other plate, the sprayed surface being interposed within said plates, at least one of said plates having a minimum carbon content of about 0.1%, raising the temperature of said pack to form a reduring atmosphere within said pack to reduce oxides whereby the sprayed metal becomes bonded to said first mentioned plate.
Description
United States Patent "ice 3,469,301 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BONDED METAL STRUCTURES Donald L. Freyberger, Coatesville, and John F.
Longenecker, Downingtown, Pa., assignors to Y Lukens Steel Company, Coatesville, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania N0 Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. $05,519, Aug. 29, 1963. This application Dec. 30, 1966, Ser. No. 606,026
The portion of the term of the patent subsequent to Jan. 24, 1984, has been disclaimed Int. Cl. B23k 31/02 US. Cl. 29-480 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A coated steel or iron article is produced by spraying a. non-refractory molten metal with an oxy-acetylene gas. The non-refractory metal can be nickel, copper or mixtures of nickel and copper. The metal is sprayed on a plate and a second plate sandwiches the sprayed layer between the plates so that the sprayed metal becomes bonded upon being heated under reducing atmosphere conditions.
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 305,519, filed Aug. v29, 1963, now Patent No. 3,299,503.
This invention relates to a method of coating a steel or iron article with a nonrefractory molten metal such as copper, nickel or mixtures thereof. More particularly, this invention is concerned with a method of spraying a coating of the aforementioned metals using an oxy-acetylene mixture. Coatings which are thus formed are particularly useful as interlayers in clad articles oras cladding layers. The general purpose of this invention is substantially the same as explained in application Ser. No. 305,519. However, instead of using the plasma-arc spray method, an oxyacetylene mixture is used. The main advantage of the present invention is that there is no limit to the size of the plates being coated and the coating itself is firmly bonded to the plates. In other coating methods, particularly electroplating methods, the size of the plate being processed is limited.
An iron or steel plate is first coated with copper, nickel or mixtures thereof by spraying same with an oxy-acetylene mixture. The coated article can be iron or steel, including mild or stainless steel. Thereafter a pack or sandwich is formed with a second plate so that the coated surface of the plate is interposed between the plates, the edges of the plates are then substantially sealed, by welding for instance, and the pack is heated to a temperature in excess of about 1,200 QR, preferably about 2,000- 2,350 F. It will be understood that a pack or sandwich can be formed in any conventional Way and more than one coated plate can be confined within such a pack.
It is necessary that at least one of the plates has a minimum carbon content of about 0.1%. Usually one plate is a mild steel plate with a carbon content of about 0.1- 0.35% by weight, and the other plate is stainless steel. In this latter instance, either plate can have its surface sprayed with the molten, nonrefractory metal. The elfect of subsequently heating the sprayed surface Within the pack is to form a reducing atmosphere in situ which reduces oxides and permits substantial diffusion of the sprayed coating into bonding surfaces of the plates so that a firm bond is achieved. If one of the plates is stainless steel, then the pack should be hot worked, preferably by forging or rolling at temperatures in excess of 1,200 F. and preferably 2,000-2,350 F.
3,469,301 Patented Sept. 30, 1969 In the preferred form of this invention, the oxy-acetylene mixture is used to melt the metal being applied, preferably a nickel wire or rod, with the force of the oxyacetylene stream spraying the nickel on the surface of the steel plate. It will be understood that both iron and steel plates, ingots, slabs and the like are included in the method described herein.
Using backing steel plates 5%" square and 1 /8" thick of #212 Grade B mild steel as one plate in each of two specimens, two 321 stainless steel insert plates were coated with nickel coatings. Specimen A was coated by the plasma-arc spray method using nickel powder and Speci- B was coated using an oxy-acetylene stream and a nickel wire. The stainless steel plates were 4" square and thick. The nickel sprayed on each specimen was about 3 mils thick.
Each insert was cleaned with alcohol and a chromic oxide parting compound was applied on the parting side of each plate in the conventional manner. The bond sides of the backing plates were grit blasted and a single assembly was formed of the two specimens with the stainless steel inserts being confined within the assembly. The sides of the assembly were closed with weld seams and a vent hole was drilled in the center of one of the weld seams in the assembly.
The assembly was then heated to 2,300 P. and held until the temperature was uniform. Thereafter the assembly was forged and separated into two specimens which were approximately 1" gage but the reduction was not totally uniform. In a shear test carried out in accordance with ASTM 263-63, the results were as follows:
A (plasma-arc), p.s.i. B (oxy-acetylene), p.s.i.
1a, 739 38, 43s 29, 430 35, s49 28, 750 38,365 27, 044 as, 943
Micro-examination indicated that the fracture in Specimen A occurred at the nickel-stainless steel interface. The oxy-acetylene Specimen B sheared in the nickel.
Bend tests were made on each material, one with the clad in-tension and the other with the clad in compression. The materials were bent around a 1 /2" diameter mandrel with no separation at the bonds.
Metallographic examination of the nickel indicated that foreign inclusions were absent in Specimen A except at the nickel-stainless steel interface. In Specimen B, the stainless steel interface was clear but the nickel layer itself had some foreign inclusions.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A method of producing a coated steel or iron article Comprising the steps of spraying with oxy-acetylene gas a nonrefractory molten metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and mixtures thereof, on the surface of a steel plate, forming a substantially sealed pack with said late and at least one other plate, the sprayed surface being interposed within said plates, at least one of said plates having a minimum carbon content of about 0.1%, raising the temperature of said pack to form a reduring atmosphere within said pack to reduce oxides whereby the sprayed metal becomes bonded to said first mentioned plate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the plates are cladded to one another.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the molten metal is nickel.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first mentioned plate is stainless steel and the said other plate is carbon steel.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the pack is worked after the pack is heated.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the pack is heated to about 2,000 F. to 2,350 F.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the nickel is initially in the form of a wire or rod which is sprayed on the surface of said steel plate.
i. References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1/1967 Freyberger et al. 29 471.5 7/1967 Batchelor et al 117l05.2
U.S. Cl. X.R 29492, 502; 117--105.2
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60602666A | 1966-12-30 | 1966-12-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3469301A true US3469301A (en) | 1969-09-30 |
Family
ID=24426198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US606026A Expired - Lifetime US3469301A (en) | 1966-12-30 | 1966-12-30 | Process for the production of bonded metal structures |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3469301A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3667110A (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1972-06-06 | Contacts Inc | Bonding metals without brazing alloys |
US3675310A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1972-07-11 | Us Interior | Soldering method |
US3879838A (en) * | 1967-03-30 | 1975-04-29 | Rockwell International Corp | Method of manufacturing a bonded electrical contact for thermoelectric semiconductor element |
US20040146640A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | Ott Eric Allen | Fabrication and utilization of metallic powder prepared without melting |
US20090313826A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-12-24 | Tsuyoshi Mita | Method of manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator and liquid ejection head |
US10100386B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2018-10-16 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing a metallic article having an other additive constituent, without any melting |
US10604452B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2020-03-31 | General Electric Company | Article having a dispersion of ultrafine titanium boride particles in a titanium-base matrix |
WO2021041461A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Mars, Incorporated | Process for the production of a meat analogue, and meat analogue prepared thereby |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299503A (en) * | 1963-08-29 | 1967-01-24 | Lukens Steel Co | Process for the production of bonded metal structures |
US3332753A (en) * | 1963-10-10 | 1967-07-25 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Flame spraying |
-
1966
- 1966-12-30 US US606026A patent/US3469301A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299503A (en) * | 1963-08-29 | 1967-01-24 | Lukens Steel Co | Process for the production of bonded metal structures |
US3332753A (en) * | 1963-10-10 | 1967-07-25 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Flame spraying |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879838A (en) * | 1967-03-30 | 1975-04-29 | Rockwell International Corp | Method of manufacturing a bonded electrical contact for thermoelectric semiconductor element |
US3667110A (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1972-06-06 | Contacts Inc | Bonding metals without brazing alloys |
US3675310A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1972-07-11 | Us Interior | Soldering method |
US10100386B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2018-10-16 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing a metallic article having an other additive constituent, without any melting |
US20040146640A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | Ott Eric Allen | Fabrication and utilization of metallic powder prepared without melting |
US6968990B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-11-29 | General Electric Company | Fabrication and utilization of metallic powder prepared without melting |
US10604452B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2020-03-31 | General Electric Company | Article having a dispersion of ultrafine titanium boride particles in a titanium-base matrix |
US20090313826A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-12-24 | Tsuyoshi Mita | Method of manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator and liquid ejection head |
US8230596B2 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2012-07-31 | Fujifilm Corporation | Method of manufacturing a liquid ejection head |
WO2021041461A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Mars, Incorporated | Process for the production of a meat analogue, and meat analogue prepared thereby |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3909921A (en) | Method and apparatus for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal or metal alloy | |
US5271546A (en) | Method for producing clad metal plate | |
US5352526A (en) | Hardfaced article and process to prevent crack propagation in hardfaced substrates | |
US2786265A (en) | Process of producing composite metal products | |
Chmielewski et al. | New method of in-situ fabrication of protective coatings based on Fe–Al intermetallic compounds | |
JPS6341970B2 (en) | ||
US3469301A (en) | Process for the production of bonded metal structures | |
US3872577A (en) | Method of manufacture of a conductor rail | |
US2301332A (en) | Aluminum clad magnesium and method of making same | |
EP0028763B1 (en) | Method for pressure bonding metal members by utilizing eutectic reaction | |
EP0309087B1 (en) | Bonding metal components | |
RU178157U1 (en) | MULTI-LAYER BILL FOR HOT ROLLING | |
US3121949A (en) | Method for manufacturing titanium clad steel | |
US3204917A (en) | Layered mold | |
US2100257A (en) | Composite body of magnesium and aluminum, and method of making same | |
US3693242A (en) | Composite material and production thereof | |
US3481023A (en) | Method of making a composite metal product | |
US2619715A (en) | Bonding together of metals | |
US2773302A (en) | Pack for making rolled aluminum clad plate | |
US2133292A (en) | Compound metal bodies | |
US3798747A (en) | Conversion-rolling of titanium/steel bonded composite | |
EP0357664A1 (en) | Plymetal brazing strip | |
US3055096A (en) | Method for cladding and product resulting therefrom | |
US2626457A (en) | Clad metal | |
US2191470A (en) | Manufacture of veneered articles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LUKENS, INC., 50 SOUTH FIRST AVENUE, COATESVILLE, Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LUKENS STEEL COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:003997/0281 Effective date: 19820512 |