US3468131A - Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution - Google Patents
Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3468131A US3468131A US601392A US3468131DA US3468131A US 3468131 A US3468131 A US 3468131A US 601392 A US601392 A US 601392A US 3468131D A US3468131D A US 3468131DA US 3468131 A US3468131 A US 3468131A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- subsoil
- pile elements
- procedures
- execution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
- E02D27/14—Pile framings, i.e. piles assembled to form the substructure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
Definitions
- the procedure according to the invention consists of placing into the ground, in the vicinity and along the foundations of existing structures to be protected, a threedimensional network formed by resisting small sized piles distributed in various directions.
- the individual pile elements may be preformed and either driven directly into the subsoil or placed within pre-bored holes.
- the pile elements may be concrete cast in situ with care being taken to prevent spreading of concrete beyond the confines of a previously prepared bore hole.
- the pattern and the number of piles contained in the network will depend upon the nature of the soil-formations, the size of the excavations, the distance of the nearby existing structures, their particular conditions and so on.
- the network of piles functions to trap the ground enmeshed therein so as to create a subsurface soil-pile gravity or retaining wall between an excavation and the foundation of the structure to be protected. Presence of the subsurface retaining wall has been found to effectively prevent loosening of soil beneath the foundation of an existing aboveground structure which otherwise would be experienced due to the natural tendency of such subsoil to slide horizontally or downwardly toward the excavation.
- the network of piles is created prior to starting an excavation or tunnelling operation.
- the invention also has utility in preevnting further dete- States Patent 0 3,468,131 Patented Sept. 23, 1969 rioration of subsoil conditions adjacent existing excavations or to prevent landslides adjacent naturally occurring depressions or cavities in the ground.
- FIG. 1 represents the vertical section of the three-dimensional network structure in close vicinity of the building to be protected and the future underground tunnel.
- FIG. 2 represents the top view.
- Ezexisting building N street level
- P connecting beam
- S three-dimensional network
- FIG. 1 clearly shows that the construction of the underground tunnel T in close vicinity of the building E might have endangered its stability without the previous strengthening of the ground located between the building and the tunnel by means of the three-dimensional network S which, therefore, acts as a retaining wall with respect to the ground situated under the foundations of the building.
- the small size piles a,a,b,b',c,c,d,d',e,e' will he usually placed into the ground either by percussion or rotary methods.
- the rotary method will be applied using special drilling muds consisting of bentonite, clay, cements, etc. Any spread-out of water through the boreholes into the surrounding ground is thus practically avoided during either the drilling or the concreting.
- special additives may be added to the drilling muds to increase their plugging efliciency.
- a casing tube will be progressively driven into the borehole for its entire length, to avoid any caving-in.
- the above said retaining structure can also be used for landslide protection.
- the piles a,a,b,b',c,c',d,d',e,e' of the retaining structure S may also consist of precast concrete elements placed into the ground by percussion or into previously drilled boreholes.
- Such operation may be completed by a partial or total grouting before, during or after the placing of the elements themselves.
- the precast concrete elements may also be replaced by wooden, iron or other elements. While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to excavations, such as tunnels, occurring adjacent to an existing buildings, I wish to be not so limited. Accordingly, in the appended claims I have used the more generic term cavity to include not only exposed and subsurface excavations, such as tunnels, but naturally occurring holes in the ground.
- a method of forming a laterally supporting retaining wall imbedded in a subsoil adapted to prevent loosening and lateral displacement of subsoil including the steps of: imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil, positioning said pile elements in a plurality of planes to form a three-dimensional network of pile elements, positioning at least some of the pile elements: of said network inclined vertically with respect to other pile elements, and enmeshing subsoil among the piles of said network for laterally supporting the subsoil against lateral displacement thereof.
- step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the step of forcing a plurality of preformed pile elements into said subsoil.
- step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the steps of forming bore holes in said subsoil, and casting said pile elements in situ within said bore holes.
- step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the step of sealing the side walls of said bore holes during formation thereof to prevent passage of fluid therethrough prior to casting in situ.
- a laterally supporting retaining wall adapted to prevent loosening of subsoil comprising: a plurality of relatively spaced apart pile elements imbedded in the subsoil, at least some of said pile elements being located in a plurality of planes to form a network of pile elements, at least some of said pile elements being vertically inclined with respect to other adjacent pile elements, and subsoil enmeshed in said network of piles, said network of piles cooperating with said subsoil enmeshed therein to define said laterally supporting retaining Wall.
- pile elements are formed of material chosen from the group including precast concrete, wood, and steel.
- pile elements comprise concrete cast in situ.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Description
p 23, 1969 J. SEIDENBERG 3,468,131
RETAINING STRUCTURES PLACED INTO THE GROUND AND THEIR PROCEDURES OF EXECUTION Filed Dec. 15. 1966 Unite RETAINING STRUCTURES PLACED INTO THE GROUND AND THEIR PROCEDURES F EXECUTION Jacques Seidenberg, 77 Rue de Longchamp, Paris 16e, France Filed Dec. 13, 1966, Ser. No. 601,392 Claims priority, application France, Nov. 29, 1966,
rm. Cl. noza 3/708, 31/08, 27/30 US. Cl. 61-35 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A soil retaining structure and method of forming same adapted for use in preventing lateral sliding of a ground formation adjacent an excavation, which structure includes a plurality of spaced apart, long, slender pile elements arranged in a three-dimensional network.
quite often, when the grout runs out of control by invading outside areas, this method may lead to unforeseen failures.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to make available to the construction industry a new procedure which will achieve reliable protection of the foundations of structures which are in close proximity of excavations to be executed.
The procedure according to the invention consists of placing into the ground, in the vicinity and along the foundations of existing structures to be protected, a threedimensional network formed by resisting small sized piles distributed in various directions. The individual pile elements may be preformed and either driven directly into the subsoil or placed within pre-bored holes. Alternatively, the pile elements may be concrete cast in situ with care being taken to prevent spreading of concrete beyond the confines of a previously prepared bore hole. By forming the networ with well defined pile elements, there is less likelihood of producing undesirable fractures within the subsoil.
The pattern and the number of piles contained in the network will depend upon the nature of the soil-formations, the size of the excavations, the distance of the nearby existing structures, their particular conditions and so on. The network of piles functions to trap the ground enmeshed therein so as to create a subsurface soil-pile gravity or retaining wall between an excavation and the foundation of the structure to be protected. Presence of the subsurface retaining wall has been found to effectively prevent loosening of soil beneath the foundation of an existing aboveground structure which otherwise would be experienced due to the natural tendency of such subsoil to slide horizontally or downwardly toward the excavation.
Preferably, the network of piles is created prior to starting an excavation or tunnelling operation. However, the invention also has utility in preevnting further dete- States Patent 0 3,468,131 Patented Sept. 23, 1969 rioration of subsoil conditions adjacent existing excavations or to prevent landslides adjacent naturally occurring depressions or cavities in the ground.
A schematic drawing, without limiting the present invention, is given in table I to illustrate the above described procedure.
FIG. 1 represents the vertical section of the three-dimensional network structure in close vicinity of the building to be protected and the future underground tunnel.
FIG. 2 represents the top view.
The letters have the following meanings:
Ezexisting building N=street level P=connecting beam S=three-dimensional network T=underground tunnel to be built a,a',b,b,c,c',d,d',e,e'=piles forming the three-dimensional network.
FIG. 1 clearly shows that the construction of the underground tunnel T in close vicinity of the building E might have endangered its stability without the previous strengthening of the ground located between the building and the tunnel by means of the three-dimensional network S which, therefore, acts as a retaining wall with respect to the ground situated under the foundations of the building.
The small size piles a,a,b,b',c,c,d,d',e,e' will he usually placed into the ground either by percussion or rotary methods. In certain particularly subsoil conditions, when the waterproofing of the boreholes is required, the rotary method will be applied using special drilling muds consisting of bentonite, clay, cements, etc. Any spread-out of water through the boreholes into the surrounding ground is thus practically avoided during either the drilling or the concreting. In fractured formations, special additives may be added to the drilling muds to increase their plugging efliciency.
During the drilling, a casing tube will be progressively driven into the borehole for its entire length, to avoid any caving-in.
When the casing has reached the desired depth a steel bar will be placed and the concreting through the casing will follow. A special device, if needed, will be used for the concreting under pressure. During the concreting the casing will be progressively withdrawn.
The above said retaining structure can also be used for landslide protection.
The piles a,a,b,b',c,c',d,d',e,e' of the retaining structure S may also consist of precast concrete elements placed into the ground by percussion or into previously drilled boreholes.
Such operation may be completed by a partial or total grouting before, during or after the placing of the elements themselves.
The precast concrete elements may also be replaced by wooden, iron or other elements. While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to excavations, such as tunnels, occurring adjacent to an existing buildings, I wish to be not so limited. Accordingly, in the appended claims I have used the more generic term cavity to include not only exposed and subsurface excavations, such as tunnels, but naturally occurring holes in the ground.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of forming a laterally supporting retaining wall imbedded in a subsoil adapted to prevent loosening and lateral displacement of subsoil including the steps of: imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil, positioning said pile elements in a plurality of planes to form a three-dimensional network of pile elements, positioning at least some of the pile elements: of said network inclined vertically with respect to other pile elements, and enmeshing subsoil among the piles of said network for laterally supporting the subsoil against lateral displacement thereof.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the step of forcing a plurality of preformed pile elements into said subsoil.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the steps of forming bore holes in said subsoil, and casting said pile elements in situ within said bore holes.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the step of sealing the side walls of said bore holes during formation thereof to prevent passage of fluid therethrough prior to casting in situ.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the steps of providing casing tubes in said bore holes for strengthening the side walls during formation thereof, and progressively Withdrawing said casing tubes during casting in situ.
6. A laterally supporting retaining wall adapted to prevent loosening of subsoil comprising: a plurality of relatively spaced apart pile elements imbedded in the subsoil, at least some of said pile elements being located in a plurality of planes to form a network of pile elements, at least some of said pile elements being vertically inclined with respect to other adjacent pile elements, and subsoil enmeshed in said network of piles, said network of piles cooperating with said subsoil enmeshed therein to define said laterally supporting retaining Wall.
7. The structure according to claim 6, wherein said pile elements are formed of material chosen from the group including precast concrete, wood, and steel.
8. The structure according to claim 6, wherein said pile elements comprise concrete cast in situ.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES American Civil Engineers Handbook, Merriman-Wiggins, 5th edition, p. 723.
JACOB SHAPIRO, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 61-42, 50, 53.52
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR85468A FR1509100A (en) | 1966-11-29 | 1966-11-29 | Resistant structure made in the basement and relative execution method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3468131A true US3468131A (en) | 1969-09-23 |
Family
ID=8621740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US601392A Expired - Lifetime US3468131A (en) | 1966-11-29 | 1966-12-13 | Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3468131A (en) |
BE (1) | BE707277A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1634589B2 (en) |
ES (2) | ES338002A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1509100A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1156029A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3854294A (en) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-12-17 | A Frank | Method for producing a pile support arrangement |
US4040260A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1977-08-09 | Pynford Limited | Pile with downwardly extending elongated elements |
WO1985001763A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-04-25 | Geopolyteknik | A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations |
US5934840A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-08-10 | Geocon | Excavation support structure |
CN102817378A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | 同济大学 | Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range |
CN118128062A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-06-04 | 四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Foundation pit excavation supporting device and supporting method |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107740446A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-27 | 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 | Combined construction method of the passive supplement in existing building basis with underpining system in hole |
CN108396770B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-10-18 | 同济大学 | Multi-panel encloses the protective device and construction method of existing shallow foundation building under the conditions of digging |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US763213A (en) * | 1904-02-25 | 1904-06-21 | Frank Shuman | Method of forming concrete piles. |
GB148701A (en) * | 1919-09-06 | 1920-08-05 | Anthony Henry Krynauw | Method of preparing sites for dam walls |
CH90630A (en) * | 1920-12-20 | 1921-09-16 | August Wolfsholz Presszementba | Process for sealing, securing and strengthening shafts and tunnels in loose rock layers. |
FR587218A (en) * | 1925-04-14 | |||
GB263997A (en) * | 1925-12-02 | 1927-01-13 | Jorgen Saxild | Improvements in and relating to the construction of quay walls, piers and other marine structures |
US2313109A (en) * | 1939-12-18 | 1943-03-09 | Louis S Wertz | Process of treating porous masses |
CH245930A (en) * | 1944-12-22 | 1946-12-15 | Leemann Edwin | Pressed concrete construction process for the production of building structures under water. |
US3135097A (en) * | 1960-07-26 | 1964-06-02 | Arde Associates | Insulated foundation |
-
1966
- 1966-11-29 FR FR85468A patent/FR1509100A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-12-13 US US601392A patent/US3468131A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-12-14 GB GB55913/66A patent/GB1156029A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-03-14 ES ES338002A patent/ES338002A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-03-14 ES ES338001A patent/ES338001A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-06-06 DE DE1967S0110198 patent/DE1634589B2/en active Granted
- 1967-11-29 BE BE707277D patent/BE707277A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR587218A (en) * | 1925-04-14 | |||
US763213A (en) * | 1904-02-25 | 1904-06-21 | Frank Shuman | Method of forming concrete piles. |
GB148701A (en) * | 1919-09-06 | 1920-08-05 | Anthony Henry Krynauw | Method of preparing sites for dam walls |
CH90630A (en) * | 1920-12-20 | 1921-09-16 | August Wolfsholz Presszementba | Process for sealing, securing and strengthening shafts and tunnels in loose rock layers. |
GB263997A (en) * | 1925-12-02 | 1927-01-13 | Jorgen Saxild | Improvements in and relating to the construction of quay walls, piers and other marine structures |
US2313109A (en) * | 1939-12-18 | 1943-03-09 | Louis S Wertz | Process of treating porous masses |
CH245930A (en) * | 1944-12-22 | 1946-12-15 | Leemann Edwin | Pressed concrete construction process for the production of building structures under water. |
US3135097A (en) * | 1960-07-26 | 1964-06-02 | Arde Associates | Insulated foundation |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3854294A (en) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-12-17 | A Frank | Method for producing a pile support arrangement |
US4040260A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1977-08-09 | Pynford Limited | Pile with downwardly extending elongated elements |
WO1985001763A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-04-25 | Geopolyteknik | A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations |
GB2163201A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-02-19 | Geopolyteknik | A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations |
US4832533A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1989-05-23 | Ringesten Bjoern | Process for reinforcing soil structure |
US5934840A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-08-10 | Geocon | Excavation support structure |
CN102817378A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | 同济大学 | Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range |
CN102817378B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-06-25 | 同济大学 | Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range |
CN118128062A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-06-04 | 四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Foundation pit excavation supporting device and supporting method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE707277A (en) | 1968-04-01 |
ES338001A1 (en) | 1968-03-16 |
DE1634589A1 (en) | 1970-07-23 |
FR1509100A (en) | 1968-01-12 |
GB1156029A (en) | 1969-06-25 |
ES338002A1 (en) | 1968-03-16 |
DE1634589B2 (en) | 1976-10-21 |
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