US3465193A - Incandescent lamp containing a getter for binding water vapor - Google Patents
Incandescent lamp containing a getter for binding water vapor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3465193A US3465193A US667189A US3465193DA US3465193A US 3465193 A US3465193 A US 3465193A US 667189 A US667189 A US 667189A US 3465193D A US3465193D A US 3465193DA US 3465193 A US3465193 A US 3465193A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- getter
- incandescent lamp
- phosphorus
- phosphide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013457 Dissociation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
Definitions
- Getters are used either for binding residual gases in order to improve or to maintain the vacuum in the lamp (known materials for this purpose are especially phosphorus and also zirconium and barium), or for binding residual gases adversely affecting the life of the lamp, such as oxygen and water-vapor.
- Known getter materials for this purpose are zirconium, barium and sodium. These getters can be used both in gas-filled and in exhausted lamps, in the latter case, if desired, in conjunction with phosphorus.
- Phosphorus is very frequently used in incandescent lamps. It is applied in the form of the red modification in the lamp to an area which, during operation of the lamp, assumes a temperature exceeding the evaporation temperature of red phosphorus. In general, the filament wire is chosen for this purpose.
- the evaporated phosphorus reacts with residual gases still present in the incandescent lamp, such as oxygen and is deposited on the wall of the bulb in the form of the yellow modification.
- a yellow lamp bulb which is colored by phosphorus is commercially aesthetically not acceptable. Therefore, it is customary to introduce only such quantity of phosphorus into the lamp that substantially no phosphorus can deposit on the wall of the bulb.
- the bulb does not, or substantially does not contain any residual gases, such as oxygen, immediately after the evaporation of the red phosphorus, the water-vapor released during the life of the lamp from, for example, the bulb wall is not, or is insufficiently bound.
- An object of the invention is to provide an incandescent lamp in which, beside containing any other getters for binding residual gases such as oxygen, contains a getter whichnaturally depending upon the quantity used and upon the quantity of water-vapor which is released from the bulb wall during the life of the lamp and which is present at the beginning of this life-is capable of binding water-vapor during the whole life of the lamp.
- an incandescent lamp which contains as a getter a metal phospide which reacts with water-vapor already at room temperature and which is applied to an area in the lamp at which the temperature does not increase either during the manufacture or during the operation of the lamp 3,465,193 Patented Sept. 2, 1969 to or above a temperature at which the metal phosphide dissociates into metal and phosphorus.
- Phosphide suitable for this purpose are the phosphides of aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, sodium and strontium.
- This method has the same disadvantage as a method in which phosphorus itself is used, i.e., the use of an unduly large amount results in yellow-colored lamps being obtained.
- phosphides such as copper phosphide are applied which do not react with water at room temperature.
- the phosphides used in the incandescent lamp according to the invention are preferably the phosphides of aluminum, .arsenic or magnesium. These phosphides react less strongly with water-vapor at room temperature than the other aforesaid phosphides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, but their reaction is sufficiently rapidly for the intended purpose. It has been found in practice that aluminum phosphide can be most readily manufactured and handled.
- the metal phosphide reactive with water vapor is introduced into the lamp in the form of grains surrounded by a film of synthetic resin which can be removed thermally without the formation of carbon. These grains are applied to an area which during the exhaustion of the lamp assumes, or is heated, to a temperature such that the film of synthetic resin evaporates completely, if desired, while it is depolymerized. The vapors then developed are evacuated from the lamp. The temperature at which the vapors are removed is naturally not allowed to exceed the temeprature at which the metal phosphide starts dissociating.
- a synthetic resin suitable for this purpose is polymethylmethacrylate, the evaporation temperature of which is approximately 350 C.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a mount of an incandescent lamp according to the invention to which a getter is applied, and
- FIG. 2 is .a sectional view of an incandescent lamp after mount and bulb have been fused together.
- the mount of FIGURE 1 comprises inter alia a stem tube 1 and a flange 2.
- the stem tube 1 accommodates an exhaust tube 3 which emerges at the pinch 4.
- the mount is further provided in the usual manner with a with a filament wire 5 and with current-supply conductors 6 and 7.
- a small quantity of a metal phosphide suspension consisting, for example, of 20 gms. of aluminum phosphide, mls. of xylene and 8 gms. of polymethacrylate is applied at 8 by means of a brush or by other suitable means.
- the mount is sealed into a bulb 9 which is exhausted through the exhaust tube 3.
- the temperature then increases at 8 to approximately 400 C. and the polymethacryate dissociates.
- a getter of metal phosphide according to the invention results in a life which, in the case of 25 watt exhausted lamps, may be approximately 200 hours longer than that of lamps in which such a getter is not used.
- a getter consisting of a metal phosphide which reacts with water-vapor at room temperature, said getter being applied to an area in the lamp at which the temperature does not increase during the manufacture and operation of the lamp to a temperature at which the metal phosphide dissociates into metal and phosphorus.
- a getter for an elecetrie incandescent lamp as claimed in claim 1 consisting of a phosphide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, and magnesium.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
H J. H. BEUVENS ETAL 3,465,193 INCANDESCENT LAMP CONTAINING A GETTER FOR BINDING WATER VAPOR Filed Sept. 12, 1967 Sept. 2, 1969 FIGM 1N VENTOR AGE/V United States Patent 3,465,193 INCANDESCENT LAMP CONTAINING A GETTER FOR BINDING WATER VAPOR Herman Joseph Hendrik Beuvens and Jan Jacob Schuitemaker, Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors, by mesne assignments, to U.S. Philips Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Sept. 12, 1967, Ser. No. 667,189 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Sept. 15, 1966, 6613009 Int. Cl. H01j 19/68, 19/70, 61/24 US. Cl. 313-178 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A getter for an incandescent lamp consisting of a metal phosphide which reacts with water-vapor at room temperature but does not dissociate into metal and phosphorus at the operating temperature of the part of the lamp where it is located.
The invention relates to a getter for an incandescent lamp, particularly a getter which binds water-vapor even at ambient temperatures.
In general, both gas-filled and exhausted incandescent lamps contain small quantities of solid substances, socalled getters, which are capable of binding gases.
Getters are used either for binding residual gases in order to improve or to maintain the vacuum in the lamp (known materials for this purpose are especially phosphorus and also zirconium and barium), or for binding residual gases adversely affecting the life of the lamp, such as oxygen and water-vapor. Known getter materials for this purpose are zirconium, barium and sodium. These getters can be used both in gas-filled and in exhausted lamps, in the latter case, if desired, in conjunction with phosphorus.
Phosphorus is very frequently used in incandescent lamps. It is applied in the form of the red modification in the lamp to an area which, during operation of the lamp, assumes a temperature exceeding the evaporation temperature of red phosphorus. In general, the filament wire is chosen for this purpose. The evaporated phosphorus reacts with residual gases still present in the incandescent lamp, such as oxygen and is deposited on the wall of the bulb in the form of the yellow modification. A yellow lamp bulb which is colored by phosphorus is commercially aesthetically not acceptable. Therefore, it is customary to introduce only such quantity of phosphorus into the lamp that substantially no phosphorus can deposit on the wall of the bulb. However, this means that, although the bulb does not, or substantially does not contain any residual gases, such as oxygen, immediately after the evaporation of the red phosphorus, the water-vapor released during the life of the lamp from, for example, the bulb wall is not, or is insufficiently bound.
An object of the invention is to provide an incandescent lamp in which, beside containing any other getters for binding residual gases such as oxygen, contains a getter whichnaturally depending upon the quantity used and upon the quantity of water-vapor which is released from the bulb wall during the life of the lamp and which is present at the beginning of this life-is capable of binding water-vapor during the whole life of the lamp.
According to the invention, this is achieved with an incandescent lamp which contains as a getter a metal phospide which reacts with water-vapor already at room temperature and which is applied to an area in the lamp at which the temperature does not increase either during the manufacture or during the operation of the lamp 3,465,193 Patented Sept. 2, 1969 to or above a temperature at which the metal phosphide dissociates into metal and phosphorus.
Phosphide suitable for this purpose are the phosphides of aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, sodium and strontium.
It already has been proposed to eliminate another disadvantage with the use of phosphorus in incandescent lamps by the application of metal phosphides. When phosphorus is used in the manufacture of incandescent lamps, careless processing may result in phosphorus escaping from the lamp and arriving in vacuum pumps or at other undesired areas. This is prevented according to this proposal by applying a metal phosphide either to the filament wire, or to another area in the incandescent lamp which, during operation, assumes a temperature exceeding the dissociations temperature of the particular metal-phosphide. During the operation of the lamp, the phosphide dissociates into metal and phosphorus and the phosphorus can then bind the residual gases in the lamp, such as oxygen. This method has the same disadvantage as a method in which phosphorus itself is used, i.e., the use of an unduly large amount results in yellow-colored lamps being obtained. In this known method generally phosphides such as copper phosphide are applied which do not react with water at room temperature.
The phosphides used in the incandescent lamp according to the invention are preferably the phosphides of aluminum, .arsenic or magnesium. These phosphides react less strongly with water-vapor at room temperature than the other aforesaid phosphides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, but their reaction is sufficiently rapidly for the intended purpose. It has been found in practice that aluminum phosphide can be most readily manufactured and handled.
In order to prevent the phosphide for reacting with water-vapor from the ambient atmosphere already before its application in the lamp, in which process the toxic phosphine gas (PH) is formed, according to a further aspect of the invention, the metal phosphide reactive with water vapor is introduced into the lamp in the form of grains surrounded by a film of synthetic resin which can be removed thermally without the formation of carbon. These grains are applied to an area which during the exhaustion of the lamp assumes, or is heated, to a temperature such that the film of synthetic resin evaporates completely, if desired, while it is depolymerized. The vapors then developed are evacuated from the lamp. The temperature at which the vapors are removed is naturally not allowed to exceed the temeprature at which the metal phosphide starts dissociating.
A synthetic resin suitable for this purpose is polymethylmethacrylate, the evaporation temperature of which is approximately 350 C.
The invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawing in which,
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a mount of an incandescent lamp according to the invention to which a getter is applied, and
FIG. 2 is .a sectional view of an incandescent lamp after mount and bulb have been fused together.
The mount of FIGURE 1 comprises inter alia a stem tube 1 and a flange 2. The stem tube 1 accommodates an exhaust tube 3 which emerges at the pinch 4. The mount is further provided in the usual manner with a with a filament wire 5 and with current- supply conductors 6 and 7.
A small quantity of a metal phosphide suspension consisting, for example, of 20 gms. of aluminum phosphide, mls. of xylene and 8 gms. of polymethacrylate is applied at 8 by means of a brush or by other suitable means.
Subsequently, the mount is sealed into a bulb 9 which is exhausted through the exhaust tube 3. The temperature then increases at 8 to approximately 400 C. and the polymethacryate dissociates.
The use of a getter of metal phosphide according to the invention results in a life which, in the case of 25 watt exhausted lamps, may be approximately 200 hours longer than that of lamps in which such a getter is not used.
While the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment thereof, other modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In an electric incandescent lamp, a getter consisting of a metal phosphide which reacts with water-vapor at room temperature, said getter being applied to an area in the lamp at which the temperature does not increase during the manufacture and operation of the lamp to a temperature at which the metal phosphide dissociates into metal and phosphorus.
2. A getter for an elecetrie incandescent lamp as claimed in claim 1 consisting of a phosphide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, and magnesium.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,249,978 12/1917 MacKay 3l3174 X 1,989,790 2/1935 Dietz 252-18l.6 2,393,584 1/1946 Bennett 3l3-174 2,491,880 12/1949 Van Liempt 313174 JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner RAYMOND F. HOSSFELD, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,465,193
Dated September 2 1969 Inventofls) Herman J.H. Beuvens: Jan J. Schuitemaker It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
"temeprature" should be -temperature Signed and sealed this 23rd Edward M. Fietchm', 3n.
Anesting Officer day of June 1970.
SIGNED A'ND SEALED JUN231970 WILLIAM E. Sam, 38.. Commissioner of Patents
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL6613009A NL6613009A (en) | 1966-09-15 | 1966-09-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3465193A true US3465193A (en) | 1969-09-02 |
Family
ID=19797678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US667189A Expired - Lifetime US3465193A (en) | 1966-09-15 | 1967-09-12 | Incandescent lamp containing a getter for binding water vapor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3465193A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT272450B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE703848A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1589261A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES345012A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1130439A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6613009A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO121220B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE314435B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3712701A (en) * | 1971-08-27 | 1973-01-23 | British Lighting Ind Ltd | Electric incandescent lamps |
| US3809942A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1974-05-07 | Philips Corp | Closed reflector provided with incandescent lamp |
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US4415833A (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-11-15 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten halogen lamp with coiled getter |
| EP0206351A2 (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1986-12-30 | GTE Products Corporation | Halogen lamp fill mixture which reduces lower operating temperature of halogen cycle |
| US4727286A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1988-02-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Electric lamp including oxygen getter |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1249978A (en) * | 1913-09-08 | 1917-12-11 | Gen Electric | Incandescent lamp. |
| US1989790A (en) * | 1929-11-27 | 1935-02-05 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Getter for incandescent lamps |
| US2393584A (en) * | 1943-05-31 | 1946-01-29 | Gen Electric | Protective device |
| US2491880A (en) * | 1943-03-04 | 1949-12-20 | Gen Electric | Method of gettering incandescent lamps or discharge tubes |
-
1966
- 1966-09-15 NL NL6613009A patent/NL6613009A/xx unknown
-
1967
- 1967-08-30 DE DE19671589261 patent/DE1589261A1/en active Pending
- 1967-09-12 NO NO169713A patent/NO121220B/no unknown
- 1967-09-12 US US667189A patent/US3465193A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-09-12 AT AT833567A patent/AT272450B/en active
- 1967-09-12 SE SE12583/67A patent/SE314435B/xx unknown
- 1967-09-13 ES ES345012A patent/ES345012A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-09-13 GB GB41732/67A patent/GB1130439A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-09-13 BE BE703848D patent/BE703848A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1249978A (en) * | 1913-09-08 | 1917-12-11 | Gen Electric | Incandescent lamp. |
| US1989790A (en) * | 1929-11-27 | 1935-02-05 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Getter for incandescent lamps |
| US2491880A (en) * | 1943-03-04 | 1949-12-20 | Gen Electric | Method of gettering incandescent lamps or discharge tubes |
| US2393584A (en) * | 1943-05-31 | 1946-01-29 | Gen Electric | Protective device |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US3809942A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1974-05-07 | Philips Corp | Closed reflector provided with incandescent lamp |
| US3712701A (en) * | 1971-08-27 | 1973-01-23 | British Lighting Ind Ltd | Electric incandescent lamps |
| US4415833A (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-11-15 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten halogen lamp with coiled getter |
| US4727286A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1988-02-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Electric lamp including oxygen getter |
| EP0206351A2 (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1986-12-30 | GTE Products Corporation | Halogen lamp fill mixture which reduces lower operating temperature of halogen cycle |
| EP0206351A3 (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1989-05-03 | Gte Products Corporation | Halogen lamp fill mixture which reduces lower operating temperature of halogen cycle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE314435B (en) | 1969-09-08 |
| DE1589261A1 (en) | 1970-03-26 |
| AT272450B (en) | 1969-07-10 |
| NO121220B (en) | 1971-02-01 |
| GB1130439A (en) | 1968-10-16 |
| ES345012A1 (en) | 1968-10-16 |
| NL6613009A (en) | 1968-03-18 |
| BE703848A (en) | 1968-03-13 |
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