US3464665A - A template adapted for use in producing a concrete wall - Google Patents

Description

p 1969 L. c. SCHOEWERT 3,464,665

TEMPLATE ADAPTED FOR USE IN PRODUCING A CONCRETE WALL Filed Nov. 10, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept 2, 1969 L. c. SCHOEWERT TEMPLATE ADAPTED FOR USE IN PRODUCING A CONCRETE WALL Filed Nov. 10. 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 2, 1969 L. c. SCHOEWERT TEMPLATE ADAPTED FOR USE IN PRODUCING A CONCRETE WALL Filed Nov. 10, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept. 2, 1969 1.. c. SCHOEWERT TEMPLATE ADAPTED FOR USE IN PRODUCING A CONCRETE WALL Filed Nov. 10, 1965 4 Sheets$heet 4 3,464,665 A TEMPLATE ADAPTED FOR USE IN PRODUCING A CONCRETE WALL Louis Christiaan Schoewert, Amsterdam, Netherlands, assignor to N.V. tot Aanneming van Werken voorheen H. J. Nederhorst, Gouda, Netherlands, a Dutch company Filed Nov. 10, 1965, Ser. No. 507,119 (Ilaims priority, applicati6on1liet1herlands, Nov. 11, 1964, 4 3 4 Int. Cl. E04b 2/00 US. Cl. 249-10 16 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A concrete wall formed by a plurality of wall sections is produced by digging a first slot in the ground and positioning a template in said first slot near one of the end walls thereof, said template supporting, in a detachable manner, a first plate' member made of a material impervious to water such that the plate member protrudes from said template over approximately half its width into the slot whereafter a first Wall section is cast in said first slot and the part of said first plate member protruding from said template becomes incorporated in the first wall section. Thereafter a second slot is dug in the ground near the template for a second wall section and the first plate member is disconnected from the template and the latter lifted out of said first slot, while said first plate member remains in place, and positioned in the second slot with a second plate secured in the template whereupon the procedure of casting and moving the template is repeated until the desired number of sections have been obtained. The template is constituted by a housing having a substantially continuous vertical slot in which a plate member is detachably secured by means of expansible members in the housing.

The invention relates to the production of a concrete Wall composed of a plurality of wall sections, which are each formed in the ground.

In the known concrete walls of the above type, the connections between successive wall sections often turn out to be pervious to water.

It is a first object of the present invention to provide a construction, wherein this disadvantage is removed in an efficient manner and wherein a water-tight wall is obtained.

It is a further object of the invention to produce a concrete wall composed of a plurality of wall sections, which are formed in the ground, wherein a plate member made of a material which is impervious to water is incorporated in the concrete of each pair of successive wall sections at the junction thereof, so as to form an efiicient watertight closure.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a concrete wall composed of a plurality of wall sections, which are formed in the ground and which engage each other by means of a groove and tongue connection, wherein a plate member made of a material which is impervious to water is incorporated in the concrete of each pair of successive wall sections at the location of the groove and tongue connection, so as to form an eflicient water-tight closure.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a template, which may be used with advantage in the production of a wall according to the invention.

According to the invention a first slot is dug in the ground, and a template is positioned in said first slot near one of its end walls, while a plate member, supported by said template in a detachable manner and made of a United States Patent n g 1C material impervious to water, extends in the longitudinal direction of said first slot at approximately equal distances from the longitudinal walls thereof and protrudes from the template over approximately half its width, whereafter a first wall section is cast in said first slot and the part of the plate member protruding from the template is incorporated in said first wall section, whereupon a second slot for the next wall section is dug in the ground near said template, the plate member is disconnected from the template and the template is lifted in the vertical direction and positioned in said second slot, while the plate member stays behind and protrudes over about half its width from said first wall section, Whereafter the second wall section is cast in said second slot and the part of the plate member protruding from said first wall section is incorporated in said second wall section.

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawing, wherein:

FIGS. 15 schematically show the successive steps for producing a concrete Wall according to the invention, wherein the successive wall sections are formed with flat end walls,

FIGS. 6-10 schematically show the successive steps for producing a concrete wall according to the invention, wherein the successive wall sections engage each other by means of a groove and tongue connection,

FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the template according to the invention,

FIG. 12 is a rear view of the upper part of the template according to FIG. 11,

FIG. 13 shows a vertical section of the upper and lower parts of the template according to FIG. 11 on a larger scale,

FIG. 14 is a cross section taken along the line XIV- XIV in FIG. 11,

FIG. 15 is a cross section taken along the line XV- XV in FIG. 11,

FIG. 16 is a cross section similar to that of FIG. 14 of a modified embodiment of the template according to the invention, the hoses and the plate member being omitted, and

FIG. 17 is a cross section similar to that according to FIG. 15 of the modified embodiment of the template shown in FIG. 16.

FIGS. l-5 schematically show the successive steps for producing a concrete wall according to the invention, wherein the wall sections are formed with flat end walls.

First of all, a slot 1 is dug in the ground, having for instance the following dimensions: length 3.95 m.; width 0.4 to 1 m.; depth 25 m. Then, a template 2 is positioned in the slot 1, in such manner that it abuts the end wall 3 of the slot 1 at the side of the next slot to be dug in the ground (FIG. 1).

The template 2, which extends through the whole width of the slot 1 and has a rectangular cross section, supports a plate member 4, made of a material impervious to water, in a detachable manner. The plate member 4 extends in the longitudinal direction of the slot 1 at approximately equal distances from the longitudinal walls of the slot 1 and protrudes over approximately half its width from the template 2.

After the reinforcements have been mounted, the Wall section 5 is cast (FIG. 2) and the part of the plate member 4 protruding from the template 2 is incorporated in the concrete. As shown in FIG. 2, the length of the cast wall section 5 is smaller than that of the slot 1 and corresponds with the length of the slot 1 less the length of the template 2.

After a slot 6 for the next wall section has been dug in the ground (FIG. 3), the plate member 4 is disconnected from the template 2 and the template 2 is lifted in a vertical direction. The plate member 4 remains behind and protrudes over approximately half its width from the cast wall section 5. Thereupon, the template 2 is positioned in the slot 6 at the side of the end wall 7 of the slot 6 opposite to the wall section (FIG. 4). Before the template 2 is lowered in the slot 6 or after the template 2 has been positioned in this slot, a new plate member 4 is connected to the template 2 in a detach able manner.

After the reinforcements have been mounted in the slot 6, the next wall section 8 is cast, which incorporates the part of the first plate member 4 protruding from the wall section 5 and further incorporates the part of the second plate member 4 protruding from the template 2 (FIG. 5)

The plate member 4, incorporated in the concrete of both wall sections 5, 8, provides a water-tight closure at the junction of the successive wall sections.

The plate member 4 is generally made of metal e.g. of steel. As an alternative, the middle part of the plate member 4 may be made of rubber and both the end parts of the plate member 4 may be made of metal, in order to allow for an expansion or contraction or for a slight vertical movement of the wall sections 5, 8.

Sometimes, it is unnecessary for the plate member 4 to extend through the total height of the wall sections 5, 8, e.g. when a leakage of the ground water through the wall is considered admissible below a certain level. In such cases, the plate member 4 may end at this level.

FIGS. 6-10 schematically show the successive steps for producing a concrete wall according to the invention, wherein the wall sections engage each other by means of a groove and tongue connection. This groove and tongue connection between successive wall sections, which does not provide a water-tight closure by itself, is made impervious to water by means of a plate member 4 according to the invention.

The difference with the method shown in FIGS. 1-5 consists in that the outer shape of the template 2 corresponds to that of the groove 9 to be formed (FIG. 9), which is adapted to receive a tongue 10 of the wall section 8 as shown in FIG. 10. The plate member 4 is incorporated in the concrete of both wall sections 5, 8 at the location of the groove and tongue connection 9, 10.

FIGS. 11-15 show an embodiment of the template 2 according to the invention, which corresponds to the template according to FIGS. 1-5 and has therefore a rectangular cross section. This template 2, which is made of steel plate and profile steel comprises a flat rear wall 11, which rests in the operating position against the end wall 3, or 7 respectively, of the slot 1 or 6 on the side of the next wall section.

The flat rear wall 11 is connected to two side walls 12, and is further connected to two interior plates 13, which extend parallel to the side walls 12 near the middle of the rear wall 11 and which are connected at their forward end to semi-cylindrical cover plates 14. A front plate is mounted between each side wall 12 and the front side of the relative cover plate 14. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the width of the side walls 12 and of the interior plates 13 decreases in the downward direction, so that the cross section of the template 2 also decreases in the downward direction, in order to facilitate the removal of the template 2 from the cast concrete.

Each of the cover plates 14 partly surrounds an elastic hose 16, which may be made of rubber or a similar material and which extends through the whole height of the template 2.

These hoses 16, which may be connected at their upper end to a supply of a gaseous pressure medium, in general to air under pressure, and are closed at their lower end, serve to provide a detachable connection between the plate member 4 and the template 2.

When this gaseous pressure medium flows into the hoses 16, these hoses expand and tightly engage the intermediate plate member 4. When, however, the gaseous fluid is removed from the hoses 16, the plate member 4 is disconnected from these hoses.

A number of equally spaced reinforcing cross plates 17 are mounted between each front plate 15, the corresponding side wall 12, the corresponding interior plate 13 with its cover plate 14 and the rear wall 11. Furthermore, the template 2 is provided at its lower end with an end plate 18, which is upwardly inclined with respect to the rear wall 11.

A cross plate 19 is connected to the lower end of the plate member 4 and slants downwardly towards the rear wall 11 of the template 2, overlapping the end plate 18 of the template 2. Therefore, this cross plate 19, together with the end plate 18, forms the lower closure of the template 2.

Two U-profile members 20 are welded to the rear wall 11 near the upper end of the template 2. Furthermore, an eye 21 is connected to the upper end of the rear wall 11.

After the wall section 5, or 8 respectively, has been cast, the template 2 is removed from the slot 1, or 6 respectively, by means of lifting jacks 22, which engage the 'U-profile members 20 and displace the template 2 over a short distance, whereafter the template 2 is lifted by means of a hoisting device engaging the eye 21.

Thus, the template 2 may be used many times. The plate member 4 is connected to the template 2 by feeding a gaseous pressure medium into the hoses 16. For disconnecting the plate member 4 from the template 2 before the same is lifted, the hoses 16 are emptied and disengage the plate member 4, which remains in the cast concrete when the template 2 is removed.

It is also possible to use a liquid pressure medium for the expansion of the hoses 12 instead of a gaseous pressure medium. However, the application of air under pressure for the expansion of the hoses 16 is preferable in general.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show cross sections of an embodiment of the template according to the invention, which corresponds with that according to FIGS. 6-10.

This template 2, which has an external shape corresponding to that of the groove 9 to be formed, has two side Walls 23, connected to the fiat rear wall 11 and converging therefrom, said side walls being connected at their forward ends to the semi-cylindrical cover plates 14. The cross section of the template 2 decreases in the downward direction in this embodiment as well, in order to facilitate the removal of the template 2 from the cast concrete.

A plurality of reinforcing plates 24 are mounted between the rear wall 11, the side walls 23 and the cover plates 14.

As shown in FIG. 17, the plate member 4 may carry an intermediate cross plate 25 on both sides. When the plate member 4 is mounted between the hoses 16, these cross plates 25 rest against the cover plates 14 and, together with the lower cross plate 19, prevent the concrete from contacting the hoses 16. At the same time, it is attained that the plate member 4 extends through approximately equal distances inside and outside the template 2.

The invention is not restricted to the embodiment shown in the drawing, which may be varied within the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall, two side walls each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and extending perpendicular thereto, and a front wall connected between the front ends of said side walls, said front wall having a substantially continuous slot intermediate the sides thereof; and expansible clamping means connected to said housing and adapted to support a plate member extending through said slot in a detachable manner.

2. A template according to claim 1, wherein said front wall is inclined with respect to said rear wall.

3. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall, two side walls each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and extending perpendicular thereto, and a front wall connected between the front ends of said side walls, said front Wall having a substan tially continuous slot intermediate the sides thereof; two arcuate cover plates, connected to said housing, and opening towards each other; two elastic hoses, positioned one beside the other between said cover plates, said hoses being closed at one end; inlet means connected to said hoses at their other end; said hoses being adapted to clamp a plate member extending through said slot when they are in inflated condition and to disengage said plate member, when they are in deflated condition.

4. A template according to claim 3, wherein said rear wall and said front wall converge in the direction towards said closed end of said hoses.

5. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall, two side walls each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and extending perpendicular thereto, a front wall connected between the front ends of said side walls, said front wall having a substantially continuous slot intermediate the sides thereof, and an end plate connected to an end of said rear wall and to the adjacent ends of said side walls, said end plate being inclined with respect to said rear wall in the direction towards the other end thereof; and expansible clamping means connected to said housing and adapted to support a plate member extending through said slot in a detachable manner.

6. A template according to claim 5, wherein said front wall is inclined with respect to said rear wall.

7. A template comprising a housing; said housing including a rear wall, two side walls each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and extending perpendicular thereto, a front wall connected between the front ends of said side walls, said front wall having a substantially continuous slot intermediate the sides thereof, and an end plate connected to an end of said rear wall and to the adjacent ends of said side walls, said end plate being inclined with respect to said rear wall in the direction towards the other end thereof; arcuate cover plates connected to said housing and opening towards each other; two elastic hoses positioned vertically one beside the other between said cover plates, said hoses being closed at their and directed to said end plate; inlet means connected to said hoses at their other end; said hoses being adapted to clamp a plate member extending through said slot when they are in inflated condition and to disengage said plate member, when they are in deflated condition.

8. A template according to claim 7, wherein said rear wall and said front wall converge in the direction towards said closed end of said hoses.

9. A template comprising a housing, said housing consisting of a rear wall and two side walls, each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and converging in the forward direction to the extent of forming a relatively small substantially vertical slot therebetween; and expansible clamping means connected to said housing and adapted to support a plate member in a detachable manner in said slot.

10. A template according to claim 9, wherein the side edges of said rear wall converge with respect to each other.

11. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall and two side walls, each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and converging in the forward direction to the extent of forming a relatively small substantially vertical slot therebetween arcuate cover plates connected to the front end of said side walls and opening towards each other; two elastic hoses, positioned one beside the other between said cover plates, said hoses being closed at one end; inlet means connected to said hoses at their other end; said hoses being adapted to clamp an intermediate plate member when they are in inflated condition and to disengage said plate member when they are in deflated condition.

12. A template according to claim 11, wherein the side edges of said rear wall converge with respect to each other in the direction towards said closed end of said hoses.

13. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall; two side walls, each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and converging in the forward direction to the extent of forming a relatively small substantially vertical slot therebetween, and an end plate connected to an end of said rear wall and the adjacent ends of said side walls, said end plate being inclined with respect to said rear wall in the direction towards the other end thereof; an expansible clamping means connected to said housing and adapted to support a plate member in a detachable manner in said slot.

14. A template according to claim 13, wherein the side edges of said rear wall converge with respect to each other.

15. A template comprising a housing, said housing including a rear wall, two side walls, each connected at their rear end to said rear wall and converging in the forward direction to the extent of forming a relatively small substantially vertical slot therebetween, and an end plate connected to an end of said rear Wall and the adjacent ends of said side walls, said end plate being inclined with respect to said rear wall in the direction towards the other end thereof; arcuate cover plates connected to the front end of said side walls and opening towards each other; two elastic hoses, positioned vertically one beside the other between said cover plates; said hoses being closed at their end directed to said end plate; inlet means connected to said hoses at their other end; said hoses being adapted to clamp a plate member in said slot when they are in inflated condition and to disengage said plate member when they are in deflated condition.

16. A template according to claim 15, wherein the side edges of said rear wall converge with respect to each other in the direction towards said closed end of said hoses.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,921,354 1/1960 Pankey et al 24996 X 2,937,065 5/1960 Harza 61-30 X Re. 25,102 12/1961 Buzzell et al 249-10 1. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner R. D. BALDWIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 6135; 249-96

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