US3463678A - Method for improving magnetic properties of cobalt-yttrium or cobalt-rare earth metal compounds - Google Patents
Method for improving magnetic properties of cobalt-yttrium or cobalt-rare earth metal compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3463678A US3463678A US572525A US3463678DA US3463678A US 3463678 A US3463678 A US 3463678A US 572525 A US572525 A US 572525A US 3463678D A US3463678D A US 3463678DA US 3463678 A US3463678 A US 3463678A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- rare earth
- yttrium
- magnetic properties
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- VQVNCTNULYBZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt yttrium Chemical compound [Co].[Y] VQVNCTNULYBZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical group [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 Co Y Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S241/00—Solid material comminution or disintegration
- Y10S241/37—Cryogenic cooling
Definitions
- This invention relates to magnetic materials and more particularly to a method for improving the magnetic properties of cobalt-base alloys possessing magnetic anisotropy.
- Magnetic materials have many and diverse applications in widespread technological areas while in many situations, magnets of uniform strength and nondirectionality are useful; in others, highly directional magnets are to be desired. It is with the latter class of magnetic materials that the present invention is most directly concerned, that is, those magnetic materials exhibiting a definite magnetic anisotropy. It is a principal object of this invention to provide a process whereby the magnetic properties of cobalt-base magnetic materials can be significantly improved. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be in part obvious and in part explained by reference to the accompanying specification and drawing.
- the figure shows the difference in the magnetic coercive force of materials produced according to the prior art and of materials of the same composition processed according to the present invention.
- the present invention concerns a process for improving the magnetic properties of the magnetically anisotropic compositions represented by the formula C0 R, where R represents yttrium, thorium, a rare earth metal or combinations of these materials.
- the process comprises comminuting the basic alloy at a reduced temperature generally lower than 125 C. and preferably cooled to at least as low as about the temperature of liquid nitrogen, viz l96 C.
- the alloys most directly concerned are those represented by the formula Co R.
- R in this formula represents either yttrium, thorium or one of the rare earth metals occupying numbers 57 through 71 of the Periodic Table of Elements. Additionally, combinations of yttrium or thorium with each other or with the rare earth elements can be used or a plurality of the rare earth metals may be combined to constitute the R portion of the general formula.
- compounds such as Co Y, Co Nd, Co Gd Nd Co Sm are representative of the various types of alloys which can be improved by means of this process.
- the ferromagnetic powders are prepared by combining the proper proportions of the selected metals and melting them to form an alloy having the general formula Co R. Once an ingot has been obtained, it is comminuted to particulate form, the grinding or comminuting operation being conducted at a temperature no higher than about -125 C. A preferred and expedient way for obtaining the low temperature during the comminuting operation is to eifect the operation in liquid nitrogen. Once the comminuting is complete, the particulate material is recovered and is then suitable for use.
- numeral 10 indicates the properties obtained when measuring the coercive force of the alloy Co Sm in fields of varying magnitude when the alloy had been prepared *by comminuting to particulate form at room temperature. It can be seen that in an applied field of slightly less than 30 kilo-oersteds that the coercive force was 5300 oersteds. For a quantity of the same material ground to the same particle size of less than about 25 microns but which was comminuted in liquid nitrogen rather than at room temperature, a coercive force of about 6000 oersteds was obtained.
- the steps comprising providing a quantity of an alloy having a composition according to the formula (30 R where R is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, thorium, the rare earth metals, and combinations of these metals with each other, cooling the alloy to a temperature no higher than about C. and comminuting the alloy to the desired particle size while at the lowered temperature.
Description
Aug. 26, 1969 J. J. BECKER METHOD FOR IMPROVING MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT-YTTRIUM OR COBALT-RARE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS Filed Aug. 15. 1966 Magngfiz/ng Field, Kilo-aersfeds, H
e r 0 M WM .m M8 u H United States Patent 3 463 678 METHOD FOR IMPROVING MAGNETIC PROPER- TIES OF COBALT-Y'ITRIUM OR COBALT-RARE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS Joseph J. Becker, Schenectady, N.Y., assiguor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Filed Aug. 15, 1966, Ser. No. 572,525 Int. Cl. H01f 1/04; B02c 1/00 U.S. Cl. 148--105 2 Claims This invention relates to magnetic materials and more particularly to a method for improving the magnetic properties of cobalt-base alloys possessing magnetic anisotropy.
Magnetic materials have many and diverse applications in widespread technological areas while in many situations, magnets of uniform strength and nondirectionality are useful; in others, highly directional magnets are to be desired. It is with the latter class of magnetic materials that the present invention is most directly concerned, that is, those magnetic materials exhibiting a definite magnetic anisotropy. It is a principal object of this invention to provide a process whereby the magnetic properties of cobalt-base magnetic materials can be significantly improved. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be in part obvious and in part explained by reference to the accompanying specification and drawing.
In the drawing, the figure shows the difference in the magnetic coercive force of materials produced according to the prior art and of materials of the same composition processed according to the present invention.
Generally, the present invention concerns a process for improving the magnetic properties of the magnetically anisotropic compositions represented by the formula C0 R, where R represents yttrium, thorium, a rare earth metal or combinations of these materials. The process comprises comminuting the basic alloy at a reduced temperature generally lower than 125 C. and preferably cooled to at least as low as about the temperature of liquid nitrogen, viz l96 C.
Turning to the invention in more detail, the alloys most directly concerned, as previously stated, are those represented by the formula Co R. R in this formula represents either yttrium, thorium or one of the rare earth metals occupying numbers 57 through 71 of the Periodic Table of Elements. Additionally, combinations of yttrium or thorium with each other or with the rare earth elements can be used or a plurality of the rare earth metals may be combined to constitute the R portion of the general formula. For example, compounds such as Co Y, Co Nd, Co Gd Nd Co Sm are representative of the various types of alloys which can be improved by means of this process.
The ferromagnetic powders are prepared by combining the proper proportions of the selected metals and melting them to form an alloy having the general formula Co R. Once an ingot has been obtained, it is comminuted to particulate form, the grinding or comminuting operation being conducted at a temperature no higher than about -125 C. A preferred and expedient way for obtaining the low temperature during the comminuting operation is to eifect the operation in liquid nitrogen. Once the comminuting is complete, the particulate material is recovered and is then suitable for use.
Considering some examples, the improvement obtained by efiecting the comminution at substantially below room temperature rather than at the normal ambient temperatures is clearly demonstrated by the following data. An
3,463,678 Patented Aug. 26, 1969 alloy having the composition Co Y was divided into two sample quantities, one of the samples then being mortarground for one minute at room temperature and the other of the two samples similarly ground for the same length of time in liquid nitrogen. Both specimens were then measured in an applied magnetic field of 21,000 oersteds to determine their respective coercive forces and it was found that the H, for the specimen ground at room temperature was 735 oersteds, whereas the H for the specimen mortar-ground in liquid nitrogen was 1110 oersteds. Thus, an increase of between 65 to percent in the coercive force was obtained by performing the comminution of the basic alloy at the reduced temperature.
Turning to the curve of the drawing, numeral 10 indicates the properties obtained when measuring the coercive force of the alloy Co Sm in fields of varying magnitude when the alloy had been prepared *by comminuting to particulate form at room temperature. It can be seen that in an applied field of slightly less than 30 kilo-oersteds that the coercive force was 5300 oersteds. For a quantity of the same material ground to the same particle size of less than about 25 microns but which was comminuted in liquid nitrogen rather than at room temperature, a coercive force of about 6000 oersteds was obtained.
From the preceding results, it can be seen that the coercive force of alloys of the cobalt-base type can be significantly improved in high field strengths by comminuting the basic alloy at reduced rather than at room temperatures.
Having thus described this invention in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, and having set forth the best mode contemplated of carrying out this invention, I state that the subject matter which I regard as being my invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in what is claimed, it being understood that equivalents or modifications of, or substitutions for, parts of the specifically described embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in What is claimed.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In the process for producing particulate magnetic material having improved magnetic properties, the steps comprising providing a quantity of an alloy having a composition according to the formula (30 R where R is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, thorium, the rare earth metals, and combinations of these metals with each other, cooling the alloy to a temperature no higher than about C. and comminuting the alloy to the desired particle size while at the lowered temperature.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the comminution is efiected in liquid nitrogen.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,583,697 1/1952 Hendry 241-17 X 2,836,368 5/ 1958 McCoy 241-17 3,188,247 6/ 1965 De VOS. 3,363,846 1/1968 Eck 241-15 ROBERT C. RIORDON, Primary Examiner D. G. KELLY, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 241-15
Claims (1)
1. IN THE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PARTICULATE MAGNETIC MATERIAL HAVING IMPROVED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, THE STEPS COMPRISING PROVIDING A QUANTITY OF AN ALLOY HAVING A COMPOSITION ACCORDING TO THE FORMULA CO5R WHERE R IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF YTTRIUM, THORIUM, THE RARE EARTH METALS, AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE METALS WITH EACH OTHER, COOLING THE ALLOY TO A TEMPERATURE NO HIGHER THAN ABOUT - 125*C. AND COMMINUTING THE ALLOY TO THE DESIRED PARTICLE SIZE WHILE AT THE LOWERED TEMPERATURE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57252566A | 1966-08-15 | 1966-08-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3463678A true US3463678A (en) | 1969-08-26 |
Family
ID=24288209
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US572525A Expired - Lifetime US3463678A (en) | 1966-08-15 | 1966-08-15 | Method for improving magnetic properties of cobalt-yttrium or cobalt-rare earth metal compounds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3463678A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3625779A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1971-12-07 | Gen Electric | Reduction-fusion process for the production of rare earth intermetallic compounds |
| US3663317A (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1972-05-16 | Philips Corp | Method of making a permanent-magnetisable body of compressed fine particles of a compound of m and r |
| US4075042A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1978-02-21 | Raytheon Company | Samarium-cobalt magnet with grain growth inhibited SmCo5 crystals |
| US4619699A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1986-10-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Composite dispersion strengthened composite metal powders |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2583697A (en) * | 1950-06-05 | 1952-01-29 | Jr John L Hendry | Process of comminuting food products |
| US2836368A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1958-05-27 | Texas Co | Pulverizing method and apparatus |
| US3188247A (en) * | 1962-10-29 | 1965-06-08 | North American Phillips Compan | Use of the hexagonal phase of the compound (fe, co)2p in particle size permanent magnets |
| US3363846A (en) * | 1965-12-16 | 1968-01-16 | Nuclear Materials & Equipment | Method of and apparatus for producing small particles |
-
1966
- 1966-08-15 US US572525A patent/US3463678A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2583697A (en) * | 1950-06-05 | 1952-01-29 | Jr John L Hendry | Process of comminuting food products |
| US2836368A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1958-05-27 | Texas Co | Pulverizing method and apparatus |
| US3188247A (en) * | 1962-10-29 | 1965-06-08 | North American Phillips Compan | Use of the hexagonal phase of the compound (fe, co)2p in particle size permanent magnets |
| US3363846A (en) * | 1965-12-16 | 1968-01-16 | Nuclear Materials & Equipment | Method of and apparatus for producing small particles |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3625779A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1971-12-07 | Gen Electric | Reduction-fusion process for the production of rare earth intermetallic compounds |
| US3663317A (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1972-05-16 | Philips Corp | Method of making a permanent-magnetisable body of compressed fine particles of a compound of m and r |
| US4075042A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1978-02-21 | Raytheon Company | Samarium-cobalt magnet with grain growth inhibited SmCo5 crystals |
| US4619699A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1986-10-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Composite dispersion strengthened composite metal powders |
| US4647304A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1987-03-03 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method for producing dispersion strengthened metal powders |
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