US344480A - holden - Google Patents

Description

(Model.) 8 sheets-sheet 1. H. HOLDEN, R. G. BROOKE & T. H. WHITE.

INJBGTOR.

No. 844,480. v Patented June 29, 1888.

28 I n l j l t l A f f ,l

da l lll-l q m (Model.) 3 sheets-'sheen 2. H. HOLDEN, R. G. BROOKE 8v T. E. WHITE.

Y INJEGTOB.. 10.344.480 Panam-.Gamme 29,1886.

(Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H. HOLDEN, R. G. BROOKE 8v T. H. WHITE.

' INJBGTOR.

No. 3,414,40. Patented June 29, 1886.

UNIV M7 n, Pneus. Phommmgnphar, wlmi" mmmmm c.

UNiTn STATES PATENT Trios.

HARRY HOLDEN, ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE, AND THOMAS HENRY VHITE, OF SALFORD, COUNTY OF LANCASTER, ENGLAND.

INJECTOR.

SPECIFZCATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 344,480, dated June 29, 1886.

Application filed June 12, 1884. Serial No. 134.633.

(Model.) Patented in England September 17, 1883, No. 4,430 and February 5, 18S-l, No. 2,756; in France Iannnry '29, 188i, No. 148,123, and in Germany February 29, 18S-l, No. 2,569.

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HARRY HOLDEN, of Salford, in the county of Lancaster, England, engineer, ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE, of Salford, aforesaid, engineer, and THOMAS HENRY VHITE, also of Salford, aforesaid, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Impi'ovements in Injectors for Raising and Forcing Liquids, of which the following` is a specication, reference being had to the accompanyiug drawings.

Our invention relates to an improvement in injectors for raising and forcing liquid. In injectors such as are ordinarily employed there are, in addition to the steam nozzle or jet, a tube or throat, into which the steam-nozzle projects, and through which steam issuing from the nozzle induces a current of liquid. This tube or throat is usually termed the lifting-tube.7 Inline with this lifting-tube is another tube or throat wherein steam is condensed with the tlow of water induced by it, and this latter tube we term the combining-tube.7

In injectors there is commonly provided an overlow-Openinginthecombining-tube,which is in communication through a chamber or passage with the atmosphere.

The object of our invention is to provide greater facility for starting and restarting the injector, and to this end we provide in the combining-tube, or at the entrance to the combining-tube and between it and the end ofthe lifting-tube,a supplemental overflow-opening, which communicates with the main ordinary overflow chamber or passage, and we also provide an antoniatically-closing valve whereby the supplemental overdow-opening will be cut off from communication with the main overtlow chamber or passage during the proper working of the injector, and which will be automatically opened to placethe supplement tal overflow-opening in communication with the main overl-low chamber or passage in starting and restarting the injector.

The invention will be hereinafter described in detail, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal section of an injector embodying our invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are similar sectional views of injectors embodying our iuvention in a slightly modiiied form as compared with Figure l. Fig. 4is a longitudinal section of as much of an injector as is necessary to illustrate our invention as applied to an injector having a long liftiugtiibe for raising water from a considerable depth. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of an injector embodying our invention, and which is to be Worked by steam of a low pressure, such as exhaust-steam from an engine. Fig. 6 is an axial section of the combining-tube of the in* jector shown in Fig. 5 in a plane at right angles to the plane of Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 isa transverse section upon the plane of the dotted line K L, Fig. 5.

Referring first to the example of our invention shown in Fig. l, t is the casing of the injector, to one end of which casingt is secured the steam nozzle orjct u. Through one side of the casing t is formed the liquid-inlet o, which communicates with the supply of liquid by means of a pipe. Formed within the casing t is the lifting-tube w,into which the steamnozzle u projects. Within the casing t is the combining-tubex and delivery-tubex formed in one piece, which, for convenience of description, we shall call the combining-tube x. The combining-tube x is supported by the part t, formed within the casing t, and such combining-tube .c has formed upon it an enlarged part, mililwhich is supported by a projecting part, tlil, formed within the casing t, the part t* and the part F* serving as guides within which the combining-tube .r may be slid longitudinally. To the end t ofthe casing t is secured a hollow plug, y, to which may be secured a pipe, z, leading to the steam-boiler or other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied. Vithin the casing t is a spiral spring, l, one end of which abuts against the part tdi, while the other end of such spring l presses against the enlarged part xii* of the combining-tube x. The spring l tends to move the combining-tube in the direction of the arrow B, the movement of the combining-tube 00 in such direction being limited by the socket 1, the end y* of which acts as an abutment to the combining-tube x. Upon steam being allowed to issue from the steam nozzle or jet u, a par- IOO tial vacuum will be formed within the chamber v', and liquid will be drawn into the said chamber, and will be carried by the steam is'- suing from the steam jet or nozzle u through the lifting-tube w. The jet of steam and liquid issuing from the lifting-tube 'w escapes from the chamber 3, surrounding the opposed ends ofthe lifting-tube w and combining-tube w, until such jet of steam and liquid issues from the lifting-tube w with sufficient velocity to cause 'such jet of steam and liquid to enter the combiningtube x, when the steam and liquid will pass along the combining-tube x and through the pipe z to the steam-boiler or other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied. As soon as the steam andliquid passes along the pipe z, the pressure of such steam and liquid acting upon the end surface, C, of the combining-tube x, will move the said combining-tube in a direction opposite to that of the arrow B, so as to compress the spring 1. The combiningtube will then be forced in the direction opposite to that of the arrow B until the end x of such combining-tube x arrives in contact with the end w" of the lifting-tube w, whereupon the lifting and combining tubes w x act as though `they were one tube. The combining-tube x is provided with the usual overiiow-opening', x2. If, from any cause, the supply of steam or liquid to the injector becomes interrupted and the pressure of the liquid in the pipez decreases beyond a certain point, the spring -1 will expand and force the combining-tube min the\directiou of the arrow B until such combining-tube m is again placed in the position shown in the drawings; but upon liquid again passing along the combining-tube r and 4 pipe z the pressure of the liquid passing along the pipe z will again move the combining-tube x aforesaid in a direction opposite. to that of the arrow B until the end x' of such combining-tube a: arrives in contact with the end 'tu' ofthe lifting-tube w, thus causing the injector to be automatic, so f'ar as regards restarting.

The movable combining tube x itself' constitutes a valve whereby the space between the lifting and combining tubes is closed.

A further modification of our invention shown by Fig. 2 consists in ar. arrangement of injector in which we provide one or more outlets or openings between the lifting-tube and a combining-tube, which is ixed in position, whichopenings we close by means of valves when liquid is passing through the combining-tube to the steam-boiler or other vessel to which liquid is being supplied. At 4 is the casing of the injector, within which is the steam nozzle or jet 5, the lifting-tube 6, and combining-tube 7. The liquid-supply opening is at 8. Secured to the casing 4 and surrounding the opposed ends of the liftingtube 6 and combining-tube 7 is a collar, 9,

. through which any desired number of openings, 10, are formed, two only of such openings 10` being shown in the drawings. Each ofthe openings 10 is provided with a ball-valve, 11. The casing 4 is provided with openings,

through which the balls 11 are inserted, one ball 11 through each opening, each of such openings being closed by means of a plug, 12. The plugs 12 are each provided with a hollow, 12*, which serves to direct one ball 11 to one of the openings 10, upon which such balls 11 at times rest. When steam is allowed to issue from the nozzle or jet 5. a partial vacuum will be formed within the chamber D, and liquid will be drawn into such chamber D, and will be carried through the lifting-tube 6, and for a time the steam and liquid will force the balls 11 away from the openings 10,and will escape by the opening 13, formed through the casing 4. When the steam and liquid issue from the lifting-tube '6 with sufficient velocity to pass along the combining-tube 7, a partial vacuum will be formed between the opposed ends of the lifting and combiningtubes 6 7, whereupon the balls 11 will be drawn against the openings 10, 'so as to close them. After the openings 10 are closed by the balls 11 the lifting-tube 6 and combining-tube 7 will act as though they were one tube. If the supply ofliquid or steam to the injector be interrupted from any cause, and the liquid ceases to pass along the combining-tube 7, the balls 11 will be forced from the openings 10, when the liquid and steam will again be allowed to escape through such openings 10 until the liqu.d and steam again pass along the combining-tube 7, when the balls 11 will be again drawn to and close the openings 10, thus isolating the ordinary overtlow openings 7iIk from the supplementary overflow-openings 10, and causing the injector to be automatic, so far as regards restarting.

A further modification of our invention is illustrated by Fig. 3, in which the steam noz zle or jet is at 14, and the tube, which-we call the lifting-tube,7 is at 15. At 16 is the combining-tube, and at 17 is the liquid-supply opening. The end 15* ofthe lifting tube 15 and the end 16 l ofthe combining-tube 16 are surrounded by a chamber, 1 8, formed within the casing 19 of the injector. I The overlow'opening 20, formed inthe combiningtube 16, we also iiiclose within a chamber, 21, formed wit-hin the casing 19 of the injector. Through the side of the chamber 18 we form an opening, 22, provided with a valve, 23, by which such opening 22 may at times be closed. The steam and liquid issuing from the lifting-tube 15 escapes by the opening 22 until such steam and liquid issues from the lifting-tube l5 with sufficient velocity to pass through the combining-tube 16 and into the boiler or other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied, when a partial Vacuum will be formed within the chamber 18, and the valve 23 will be drawn against and closev the opening 22, thereby tightly closing the chamber 18 and preventing air or vapor from lpassing to the entrance 16* of the combining-tube 16. This practically closes the space between the tubes 15 and 16 to the entrance of air or vapor. Any air or vapor carried by the liquid passing along the combiningtube 16 will escape therefrom IOO IOS

IIO

by the opening 2O into the chamber 21; but when the injector is at work the valve 23 will close the opening 22, as above described, and prevent all communication between the chamber 21 and the chamber 18. If the supply of steam or liquid be interrupted from any cause, no vacuum will be produced within the chamber 18, and the valve 23 will cease to close the opening 22; but upon the steam and liquid passing along the combining tube 16 and into the boiler or other vessel to be supplied with liquid the valve ..3 will again close the opening 22. In cases where a more perfect vacnum is required in injectors to enable them to raise liquid from an increased depth the length of the tubes which we for convenience call the lifting-tubes7 of such injectors requires to be proportioned to the depth from which the liquid is to be raised, an increased amount of lift requiring the lifting-tube to be of increased length. If the length of the lifting-tube aforesaid be increased beyond a certain limit, such increased length of the lifting-tube interferes with the action of the injector, and the next modification of our invention consists in an arrangement by which we are enabled to einploy a long lifting-tube to enable the injector' to raise liquid from aconsiderable depth, and after such liquid has been raised to reduce the distance between the end of the steam nozzle or jet and the entrance to the combiningnozzle.

Fig` Ltshows so much of an injector as is required to illustrate this modification of our invention. At 24 is the steam nozzle or jet. At 25 is the lifting-tube, shown as being of considerable length from E F, and at 26 isthe combining tube. Upon the injector being putin action the combining-tube 26 is withdrawn from the lifting-tube 25, so as to leave a space between the end 25X ofthe liftingtube 25 and the entrance 26X ofthe coinbining-tube 26, so as to allow the steam and liquid a free exit, and thus cause a vacuum in' the liquid-chamber G, by which vacuum the liquid is raised to the injector. NVhen the liquid arises within the chamber G, it will be carried by the steam issuing from the steamnozzle 24, through the lifting-tube 25, until the steam and liquid attains a suflicient velocity to cause such steam and liquid to pass through the combining-tube 26 and into the boiler or other Vessel to which liquid is to be supplied, when such combiningtube 26 is slid within the lifting-tube 25. rlhe combining-tube 26 may be caused to slide automatically by means of the pressure of the liquid in a manner similar to that described and shown in reference to Fig. 1.

\Ve would have it understood in reference to all modifications of our invention hereinbefore described and shown, that the axes of the steam nozzle or jet, lifting-tube, and combining-tube must be always in one and the saine straight line when the injectors are arranged for use. By the above-described arrangements we prevent the vacuum formed by the jet ofstcam between the exit end of the lifting-tube and the entrance to the combining-tube from drawing in any air or vapor, which such vacuum would otherwise do if a space or opening or openings were left between the opposed ends of the lifting and combining tubes. Such drawing in of air or vapor would interfere with the perfect action of the injector.

W'e have hereinbeforc referred to the lifting and combining tubes of the injector as at times performing separate functions; but when such injector is supplying liquid to a steamboiler or other vessel the lifting and combining tul es operate as a combining-tube only.

A further part of our invention relates to that class of injectors in which steam of a low pressure-such as the cxhauststeam from steam-engines-is employed, and is illustrated by Fig. 5 of the accompanyingdrawings. At L7 is the casing of the injector, and at 2S is a chamber surrounding the nozzle or jet 29, by which steam is supplied to the injector. At 30 is thc combining-tube, terminating at H. A portion ofthe combining-tube 30 we inclose within a chamber, J. rIhrough the sides of the combining-tube 30 we form openings 31, such openings being made by making holes through the sides of such combining-tube 30, as shown in the detached views,Figs. G and 7, Fig. 6 of which is a section taken along the axis of the combining-tube 30 at right angles to Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 a cross-section taken on the lineK L- of Fig. 5, the valve 3-1 being shown in full lines to avoid confusion. The openings 31 are connected by slots 32, such slots 32 communicating with the interior of the chamber J; but we do not confine ourselves to the use of an opening or openings, 3l, of this particular form, as such opening or openings may be formed at any angle to the axis of the said combining-tube 30. Through one side of the chamber J we form an opening, 33, which may at times, as we will hereinafter point out, be closed by a valve, 34, such valve3-1 being supported by a guide, 35. At 36 is the deliverytube of theinjector, between the end of which delivery-tube 36 and the combining-tube 30 is a space, M. Such space M communicates by means of openings 37 with a chamber, N, formed within the casing 27, which chamber N communicates, by means of a passage, 38, with the overflow 39, with which the opening 33 also communicates. The delivery-tube 36 communicates, by means of the opening -LO and pipe 4l, with the steam-boiler or other vessel to which water or other liquid is to be supplied.

The action of the parts is as follows: Water or other liquid is' supplied to the chamber 28, such chamber 28 being situate below the level of the water or other liquid supply. The said water or other liquid will flow along the combining-tube 3() through the openings 31 32 and. the space M, between the end H of the combining-tube 30 and the delivery-tube 36, into the overflow-pipe 39. Upon steam being allowed to issue from the nozzle 29 IOO IIO

it will be condensed by the water or other liquid iiowing along the combining-tubeBO. Such condensed steam, along with the water, will escape by the openings 31,32 ,and space M until, from thc condensation lof .the steam, the Water or other liquid will becausedito flow along the combining-tube'30in the direction of the arrow o with sufcient velocity, when it will pass along the delivery-tube36 andi-nto the steamboileror other vessel to which water or other liquid isfto ,be supplied. As soon as the Water or other liquid passesalong 4the Adelivery-tube 36, a partial vacuum will be formed within the chamber J, and the valve 34 will be drawn so as to close the opening 33, and thereby separate the chamber J and openings 3l 32 from communication with the opening or space M and the external air. The .space M between the opposed ends of the combining andlifting tubesactsas the ordinary overflowopening. lIf from anyca use the Water or steam supply becomes interrupted, there will cease to be avacuumwithin the chamber J. rI hereupon the valve 34 will cease to close the opening 33; but upon thewater and condensed steam again passing along the delivery-tube 36, a-

partial vacuum will be again formed within lthe chamber J, and the valve 34 will again close the opening 33. By the above arrangement we render the injector automatic, so far as regards restarting.

The combining-tube 30 and delivery-tube 36 may be adjusted, when required, relatively to the steam nozzle or jet 29, by means of the screwed part 42, formed upon and in the `delivery-tube 36 and casing 27, respectively, and the nut 43.

An injector which is operated by vexhauststeam or steam of low pressure depends for its efficiency upon the rapidity with which the steam issuing from the steam-nozzle is condensed. In order to insure a rapid condensation of the jet or steam issuing from the steamnozzle, it is necessary that the jet of steam present as large a surface as possible to the water. In the injector shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 this result is accomplished by the employment of the fixed central conical spindle, S,in thesteain-inlet to the injector, as isshown in Fig. 5. This conical spiudleor center projects inward from a plug, S, which isscrewed into thesteam inlet opening in thecasing, and is provided with passages through it for steam, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5. The issuing steam passes around and along the surface ot' the central spindle, S, and the portion of the spindle which projects beyond the end of the steam-nozzle 29 serves asaguide to centralize the jet as it contracts upon condensation. If a solid jet of steam were employed, and the spindle S were dispensed with, such solid jet would necessarily be ofsmaller diameter, and would therefore expose less surface of steam to the Water.

In all the examples of our invention it will be observed that the main ordinary overflow- Opening is in l constant communication with the external air th rough a chamber or passage, and it wil-l also be observed that in all the eX- amples of our invention the supplemental .overflow-opening communicates with said ,over-flowchamber or passage by means of an automatically-.closing valve, which, when the injector is .working properly, remains closed .to prevent the entrance of external air or vapor at .the supplemental overflow-opening,

.and which will automaticallyopen to vfacili- :tate the starting or restarting of 4the injector.

bination of a single chamber or passage, which is in communication with the atmosphere, with which the ordinary overliow isin constant communication, .and with which the supplement-al overflow also communicates, and. a valve automatically controlling the communication between the supplemental overflow-opening and said chamber or passage, and serving, when the injector is at work, to automatically cut oft the supplemental overflowopening from communication with said chamber or passage, substantially as herein described.

2. In an injector to be worked by steam of low pressure, the combination, of the steamnozzle 29, the combining-tube 30, having at its end the ordinary overflow-opening, M, and also havinga supplemental overflow-opening, 31 32, the chamber J, surrounding said combining-tube, and having an opening, 33, forming a valve-seat, the passa-ge or chamber 38, from which leads the outlet 39 to the air,`and with which both the ordinary overflow, M, and the opening 33 communicate, and the automatically-closing valve 34, serving to close the opening 33 and prevent the inflow of air or vapor during the working of theinjector, substantially as herein described. y

3. In an injector to be worked by steam of low pressure, the combination of the steamnozzle 29, the conical spindle or center S, centrally fixed within the steam-nozzle, the combining-tube 30, having at its end the ordinary overiiow-opening, M, and also having a supplemental overliow-opening, 3l 32, the chamber J, surrounding said combining-tube, and having an opening, 33, through which it conlmunicates with the external air, and the automatically-closing Valve 34, serving to close the opening 33, and to prevent the iniiow of air or vapor during the working of the injector, substantially as herein described.

HARRY HOLDEN. ROBERT GRUN DY BROOKE. THOMAS HENRY WHITE. Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. HALL,

U. S. Consulate, Manchester. W. T. CHEETHAM,

81 St. Aan St., Manchester.

`mental overflowopening employed to assist in :starting and restarting the injector, the com- IIO

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