US3435607A - Torque yarn process - Google Patents

Torque yarn process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3435607A
US3435607A US395997A US3435607DA US3435607A US 3435607 A US3435607 A US 3435607A US 395997 A US395997 A US 395997A US 3435607D A US3435607D A US 3435607DA US 3435607 A US3435607 A US 3435607A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
twist
traveler
torque
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US395997A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Virginia S Bowers
Francis B Breazeale
Charles M Rice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzona Inc
Original Assignee
American Enka Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Enka Corp filed Critical American Enka Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3435607A publication Critical patent/US3435607A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
    • D02G1/0266—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting false-twisting machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to torque yarn and more particularly to a process for manufacturing torque yarn at a faster rate although utilizing substantially conventional and commercially available textile equipment.
  • Torque or elastic yarn is used by the textile industry in the manufacture of hosiery for both 'men and women, in the production of foundation garments, support hosiery, shirts, dresses, slacks, sports goods, and for various other purposes. While therapeutic value may be attained with hosiery manufactured from high torque yarn (see for example Patent No. 2,841,971), a general overall improvement in fit and appearance can be obtained through use of yarn having somewhat less torque than utilized for support purposes.
  • the type of torque yarn here under consideration has been produced for a number of years by a three-step system known as the Helanca process which is explained fully in-U.S. Patents Nos. 2,019,183, 2,019,185, 2,564,245, and 2,585,518.
  • this system as there explained, elasticity and curliness are added to synthetic yarns by (a) twisting the yarn and collecting the same in package form, (b) heat setting the twist and cooling while still in package form, and (c) untwisting the yarn.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a process for manufacturing torque yarn not having the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a process for manufacturing torque yarn at high speed.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a torque yarn manufacturing process which is more economical than heretofore known systems.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a process for manufacturing torque yarn which may be accomplished without additional textile processing steps.
  • An additional object of this invention is to provide for the economical and expeditious manufacture of an improved torque yarn, fabric and hosiery.
  • Patent No. 3,001,355 is directed to a modified embodiment of the invention set forth herein, since that patentee feeds thermoplastic yarn from a heated roller direct to a ring twister take-up.
  • Patentee apparently utilizes a different system for imparting a positive twist in a short length of yarn immediately downstream of the heater roll and states rather emphatically that he is working with real or permanent twist rather than a temporary twist, and that this twist concentrates adjacent to the downstream or outflow side of his twist arresting heater roll.
  • the present invention concerns a definite temporary twist which is set over an extended path rather than in a concentrated portion thereof.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates in elevation a drawtwisting machine with a simplified modification for practice of this invention
  • FIGURE 2 represents a view in elevation of a drawtwisting machine requiring a more involved modification but producing more desirable results.
  • Synthetic yarn 10 which may be nylon, polyester, polypropylene, or other linear high polymers, is fed from yarn package 11 to the feed roller 12 of drawtwisting machine indicated generally at 13.
  • yarn ha not yet been drawn or attenuated to orient the molecules thereof but has been collected in an undrawn condition as represented by the initial take-up package 11. While this invention may be practiced with yarn which has previously been drawn, it will be shown hereinafter that considerably improved results are obtained not only in torque properties of the yarn but also in uniformity of appearance and hand of the finished product, by simultaneously drawing and torque setting in the manner to be described.
  • Draw godet 14 is driven at a higher rate of speed than feed roller 12 and functions in the normal manner to stretch the yarn and thereby improve the physical properties thereof.
  • Drawpin 15 may be used to localize the draw point if such is desired.
  • drawn yarn 16 In a normal drawtwisting operation, drawn yarn 16 would be fed directly through pigtail guide 17 and traveler 18 onto the spindle supported pirn 20.
  • an auxiliary heated pin 21 has been mounted in juxtaposition to draw godet 14 and receives drawn yarn 16 prior to travel through the pigtail guide 17.
  • the high level of twist in the present invention results from the frictional forces between the yarn and the traveler which resist rotation of the yarn bundle relative to the traveler as the bundle passes therethrough.
  • the importance of this rotation of the yarn in its passage through the traveler can be understood by considering what happens if the yarn is replaced by a fiat elastic ribbon.
  • a fiat elastic ribbon Such a ribbon running through the traveler without relative rotation is fed onto the bobbin with no twist, and each complete cycle of the traveler around the ring imparts one turn in the ribbon above the traveler.
  • This twist is therefore confined between the feed rolls and the traveler, and as it builds up, results in rotational forces acting on that section of the ribbon passing through the .4 traveler.
  • any factors that can cause the yarn bundle to react as a ribbon will result in a trapping or impounding of the twist above the traveler, hereinafter referred to generally as stripping back of twist.
  • Such factors can be noncircular cross-section in the yarn filaments, or the use of a sharp edge on the traveler to spread the filaments out into a ribbon-like form, for example, of the manner in which the yarn is threaded through the traveler.
  • this heat treatment may consist in passing the yarn over a heater at any point between the feed roll and the balloon of the ring-twister, shown, for example, by the heated pin 21.
  • the yarn is softened in its highly twisted geometry, and the subsequent cooling that results from the high speed ballooning of the yarn still in the state of high twist sets this twist,
  • the yarn being wound up on the bobbin has a low twist, and in effect has been untwisted from the false twisted condition in which it was heat-set.
  • the auxiliary pin 21 which preferably is maintained at from to C., but which may be operated over a range of temperatures to be described subsequently, is mounted alongside the path of drawn yarn 16 prior to take-up. Twist which is impounded in the yarn 16 by frictional contact with the traveler 18 backs to and partially around the auxiliary pin 21. An equilibrium condition of twist is produced by the frictional resistance to rotation existing between the yarn and the traveler and by the extent of twist accumulated both in the ballooning yarn and in that portion of yarn extending between the guide 17 and and pin 21, as explained earlier.
  • twist imparted by traveler 18 backs up to and even partially around the pin 21, as indicated above.
  • the high twist occurring in drawn yarn 16 downstream of pin 21 diminishes gradually over the pin and is practically nonexistent in the portion of yarn extending between draw godet 14 and auxiliary pin 21.
  • the twist in yarn wrapped about auxiliary pin 21 is set by the heat of this pin much in the same manner as the heat setting of false-twisted yarn.
  • the yarn is heat softened, thereafter cooled while held in a twisted condition, and then allowed to untwist, thus creating a tendency in the yarn to return to a twisted condition and producing the torque effect desired for the purposes mentioned hereinabove.
  • FIGURE 2 A somewhat different modification to conventional draw-twisting equipment for practice of this invention is illustrated in FIGURE 2. As will appear from the examples, this system gives improved results over the apparatus of FIGURE 1, and therefore represents a preferred embodiment, insofar as concerns the product. On the other hand, the heater plate of this modification obviously requires more space and, therefore, might be less preferred for mechanical reasons. Accordingly, although the plate modification will be shown to produce better results than the pin embodiment, there are many reasons, i.e., economy, construction, etc., why either type heater might be preferred over the other.
  • heater plate 23 not only contacts a greater portion of twisted yarn, but also heats yarn having a uniformly higher amount of twist than does the pin 21 of the first embodiment.
  • the longer exposure of yarn to the heated surface and the higher amount of twisting present in the yarn when heated results in a much more desirable, higher torque yarn than is available from use of a stationary heated pin such as described earlier.
  • torque level values actually represent current readings in micro-amps. If desired, these values may be converted to torque in milligram-centimeters upon multiplication by a factor of 0.15.
  • the figures are used, however, merely to show relative torque levels of the product of this invention and of conventional false-twisted yarn, and have not been converted to the more accurate nomenclature usually associated with torque.
  • Each torque level reading reported hereinbelow was obtained by wrapping five strands or convolutions of yarn into a loop or skein form, and by then holding one portion of the loop fixed while attaching the opposite loop portion to a meter needle such as described above. Insofar as possible, all samples were prepared and tested in the same manner.
  • EXAMPLE III A 15/3 polyester yarn was treated at various heater temperatures to illustrate the general level of torque for this type yarn relative to the conventional false-twisted nylon reported in Example I. Measurements were taken for both S and Z twisted yarn at a low temperature level and two different sets of measurements have been recorded for S twist at a higher temperature level, as represented hereinbelow.
  • EXAMPLE V An additional amount of polypropylene 40/ 8 yarn was processed again at 160 C., to determine if the low torque level obtained in Example IV might be improved. These experiments were further expanded to include both S and In this experimental re-run, an even greater improvement is shown between the continuous and discontinuous processes. For example, the average torque level of S twisted yarn processed in a continuous manner is about 72% higher than the level of discontinuously processed yarn. The Z twisted yarn has a consistently lower torque level but still averages an improvement of about 68% in the continuous system.
  • twist or torque level may be adjusted by varying the traveler. Better results may be obtained, as indicated, through use of a higher traveler number.
  • Example XIII Utilizing some of the travelers described in Example XI, the threading scheme for yarn passing therethrough and onto the take-up pirn was varied to determine possible eifect on torque level.
  • the figures appearing in Table 13 represent an average from a considerable number of measurements after processing 40/8 nylon.
  • the normal thread up scheme entails passing yarn through the traveler in the same direction of motion as the pirn. In other words, if the pirn rotates counterclockwise, the traveler also rotates counterclockwise and the yarn normally is threaded from the guide 17 in a counterclockwise direction through traveler 18. In the modified or reverse thread up, assuming that the pirn continues to rotate TABLE 13 Torque level Traveler No.
  • Example VIII the stationary hot pin 21 permits some twist to back up and does not, therefore, abruptly end the temporary twist produced by the traveler 18. It has already been shown from aforesaid Example VIII that better results are obtained if a major portion of the twist is permitted to extend back past the heating means. This is evidenced by the torque level obtained through use of heater plate 23 and the amount of twist present in yarn extending between heater plate 23 and the pig tail guide 22. It is believed that use of a stationary pin 21 results in a better product than would be produced from a rotating pin, however, since the relative motion between the yarn and stationary pin permits the twist to back up farther around the pin than would be the case if the pin were rotating.
  • round monofilament or multifilament yarn may be modified to present a more fiat surface for gripping the traveler.
  • a fiat sided yarn may be produced by extrusion through a noncircular orifice or by scraping with a hard surface prior to passage through the traveler, or by deforming in some other manner, such as cooperating pressure rolls.
  • the traveler may be modified to increase friction by, for example, decreasing the radius of yarn contacting surface or a thread up modification, such as multiple yarn wraps, may be used.
  • Example XII the lower weight travelers (higher traveler numbers) have been found to produce higher torque levels. Moreover, in each of the experiments tabulated above, the traveler which had been modified by grinding to a sharp surface produced an increased torque level. This further substantiates the previous conclusion that the smaller diameter of the traveler has more effect on improving torque level than the reduced weight. Also, as indicated earlier herein, the yarn tension while ballooning varies considerably upon variation in traveler size and weight.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a ring twister take-up imparting false twist to the yarn over an extended length upstream of the traveler by the friction exerted during rotation thereof, heating the yarn while temporarily twisted, and allowing the yarn to cool prior to passage through the traveler onto the take-up.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of creating a twist in a synthetic linear high polymer yarn by collection in package form, impounding the twist to spread the same over an extended path of yarn travel, heat setting the twist temporarily impounded over an extended area, and allowing the yarn to cool prior to release of the twist temporarily impounded therein.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding yarn through a twist setting zone of eX- tended length into a package, collecting the yarn in package form while imparting twist, temporarily stripping back twist in said yarn and impounding the same within said twist setting zone and for an additional length downstream therefrom, setting the twist temporarily impounded, and allowing the yarn to cool in said additional length prior to release of the temporary twist.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of temporarily twisting synthetic linear high polymer yarn while collecting the same in package form,
  • a process for manufacturing torque comprising the steps of collecting synthetic linear high polymer yarn while imparting a temporary twist thereto, stripping back the yarn twist imparted during collection to spread the same over an extended length, heat setting the yarn over the extended length of temporary twist, and cooling the yarn prior to release of the temporary twist.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding undrawn synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a drawing zone, molecularly orienting the yarn in the drawing zone, feeding yarn immediately from said drawing zone into a collection zone, imparting a temporary twist to said yarn during collection, impounding said temporary twist over an extended length prior to collection, heating the yarn over at least a portion of said extended length to set the "twist, permitting the yarn to cool before release of the twist, and collecting the yarn in package form.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a ring twister take-up having a ring traveler through which the yarn is passed, imparting twist to the yarn by friction of the rotating traveler, stripping back and impounding the twist imparted by increasing the surface friction existing between the traveler and yarn, heating the twisted yarn to set the twist, and cooling the yarn prior to removal of the false twist.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a ring twister take-up having a ring traveler through which the yarn is passed, increasing the surface friction existing between the traveler and yarn to resist rotation of the yarn relative to the traveler, rotating the traveler to impart a twist to yarn passing therethrough, accumulating twist imparted by the traveler, heating the yarn over an extended surface of accumulated twist, and collecting the yarn in package form.
  • a process as set forth in claim 8 including the additional step of deforming yarn fed to said ring twister to produce at least one flat side and thereby increase the surface friction between the traveler and yarn.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding undrawn synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a drawing zone, molecularly orienting the yarn in the drawing zone, feeding the drawn yarn immediately into a collection zone, imparting a temporary twist to the yarn by collection, impounding said temporary twist over an extended length of yarn travel upstream of collection, heating the yarn over an extended length while twisted, cooling the yarn prior to release of twist, and collecting the yarn in package form.
  • a process for manufacturing torque yarn comprising the steps of feeding undrawn synthetic linear high polymer yarn to a drawing zone, elongating the yarn to orient the molecules therein during passage through said drawing zone, feeding said yarn immediately from said drawing zone to a ring twister take-up having a rotating ring traveler through which the yarn is passed, imparting a temporary twist in said yarn by friction of the rotating traveler, stripping back and impounding the temporary twist imparted by increasing the surface friction existing between the traveler and yarn, heating the yarn while maintaining the temporary twisted condition, releasing the twist temporarily imparted, and collecting the yarn in package form.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US395997A 1964-09-14 1964-09-14 Torque yarn process Expired - Lifetime US3435607A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39599764A 1964-09-14 1964-09-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3435607A true US3435607A (en) 1969-04-01

Family

ID=23565422

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US395997A Expired - Lifetime US3435607A (en) 1964-09-14 1964-09-14 Torque yarn process

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3435607A (es)
AT (1) AT263995B (es)
BE (1) BE669177A (es)
CH (1) CH492042A (es)
DE (1) DE1660151A1 (es)
ES (2) ES317401A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1458454A (es)
GB (1) GB1115775A (es)
LU (1) LU49472A1 (es)
NL (1) NL6511449A (es)
SE (1) SE304804B (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683612A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-08-15 Michel Buzano Apparatus and method for producing synthetic torque yarn

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2988866A (en) * 1957-05-08 1961-06-20 Glanzstoff Ag Apparatus for the production of lowshrinkage polyethylene terephthalate threads
US3001355A (en) * 1959-06-08 1961-09-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3025660A (en) * 1957-01-24 1962-03-20 American Enka Corp Drawtwisting process
US3069837A (en) * 1959-06-30 1962-12-25 Du Pont Twisting process
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3108323A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-29 Monsanto Chemicals Process and apparatus for heating and stretching filamens
US3258904A (en) * 1963-05-18 1966-07-05 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Winding of textile filaments or yarns
US3284996A (en) * 1961-07-07 1966-11-15 Fujii Hanjiro Method of producing crimped yarn

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3025660A (en) * 1957-01-24 1962-03-20 American Enka Corp Drawtwisting process
US2988866A (en) * 1957-05-08 1961-06-20 Glanzstoff Ag Apparatus for the production of lowshrinkage polyethylene terephthalate threads
US3001355A (en) * 1959-06-08 1961-09-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3069837A (en) * 1959-06-30 1962-12-25 Du Pont Twisting process
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3108323A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-29 Monsanto Chemicals Process and apparatus for heating and stretching filamens
US3284996A (en) * 1961-07-07 1966-11-15 Fujii Hanjiro Method of producing crimped yarn
US3258904A (en) * 1963-05-18 1966-07-05 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Winding of textile filaments or yarns

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683612A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-08-15 Michel Buzano Apparatus and method for producing synthetic torque yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1660151A1 (de) 1970-12-17
CH492042A (de) 1970-06-15
BE669177A (es) 1965-12-31
GB1115775A (en) 1968-05-29
LU49472A1 (es) 1965-11-13
ES317401A1 (es) 1965-12-01
AT263995B (de) 1968-08-12
CH1260465A4 (es) 1970-02-27
FR1458454A (fr) 1966-03-04
ES317404A1 (es) 1966-03-01
SE304804B (es) 1968-10-07
NL6511449A (es) 1966-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2919534A (en) Improved textile materials and methods and apparatus for preparing the same
US3973386A (en) Process for texturing polyester yarn
US3991548A (en) Composite yarns
US4033103A (en) Process and apparatus for producing a variable diameter alternate twist yarn
US3365874A (en) Treatment of synthetic filaments
US4103481A (en) Variable diameter yarn
US3559391A (en) Production of torque yarn
CA1057143A (en) Simulated spun-like bulked yarn
US3733801A (en) Yarn process
US3785135A (en) Producing torque controlled voluminous set yarns
US3474612A (en) Drawing and bulking of synthetic polymer
CA1055239A (en) Multipurpose intermingling jet and process
US3341913A (en) Drawing and bulking of synthetic polymer yarns
US3379809A (en) Process for drawing and crimping yarn
US4682465A (en) False-twist textured yarn of polyamide
US3330104A (en) False twist spindle with auxiliary reverse-twist element
US3435607A (en) Torque yarn process
US4070817A (en) Process for texturing synthetic yarns
US3651201A (en) High-elongation-and-tenacity nylon tire yarn
US3877213A (en) Draw textured yarn and process
US3382658A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing textured filament yarns
US4169349A (en) Production of simulated spun-like bulked yarn
US3623311A (en) Apparatus for producing synthetic torque yarns
US3747318A (en) False-twist texturing yarn with torque jet
US3500628A (en) Torque yarn