US3397720A - Multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic structure - Google Patents
Multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic structure Download PDFInfo
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- US3397720A US3397720A US405929A US40592964A US3397720A US 3397720 A US3397720 A US 3397720A US 405929 A US405929 A US 405929A US 40592964 A US40592964 A US 40592964A US 3397720 A US3397720 A US 3397720A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/12—Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
- F17C2203/014—Suspension means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S220/00—Receptacles
- Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
Definitions
- This invention relates to a multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic pipe line, and particularly to the means to effectively prevent excessive heat transfer from the external atmosphere or room temperature to the cryogenic material which is flowing within a spaced inner pipe or conduit.
- the cryogenic material referred to in this application may be liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or the like, all of which have a very low temperature while in a liquid state.
- My invention provides an effective means of insulating an inner conduit carrying cryogenic material from an outer pipe or jacket which surround-s the conduit to prevent heat from being transferred from the outside, or the atmosphere, to the cryogenic material whereby that material may be caused to vaporize.
- This means includes alternate layers of flat sunfaced reflective sheets, such as polyester film, separated by corrugated or dimpled sheets of the same reflective polyester film.
- Another object of my invention is to provide a novel insulation means of the character stated, whereby a plurality of superposed sheets are supported at their ends by pads formed of glass fibers or other insulating material.
- Another object of my invention is to provide an effective means to keep the flat reflector sheets separated, so that the reflector layers do not transmit heat by means of direct contact with each other.
- Still another object of my invention is to provide a novel insulation means which is relatively inexpensive, and which requires a minimum of labor to install. Furthermore, my insulation means provides sufiicient strength and excellent resistance to external dynamic effects and damaging vibrations. The entire assembly of the reflector sheets is totally separated from contact with either cold or warm surfaces. This is accomplished by the end supports which are formed of strong material of low heat conductivity.
- FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of one pair of superposed insulation sheets.
- FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary view of an insulated pipe line embodying my invention and with parts broken away to show interior construction.
- FIGURE 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2.
- FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIGURE 3.
- FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken on line 55 of FIGURE 3.
- FIGURE 6 is an enlarged transverse sectional View of the insulation within the area indicated by 6 in FIG- URE 5.
- FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a modified form of insulation sheet support.
- the numeral 1 indicates an inner conduit which will be termed the cryogenic conduit.
- This conduit carries the cryogenic material, such as liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or the like.
- An outer jacket 2 is spaced from the conduit 1 and is concentric with that conduit.
- the conduit 1 and the jacket 2 are both metallic pipes and of suflicient strength and thickness to carry the particular load which is required.
- An annular space 3 is thus formed between the conduit 1 and the jacket 2 and this space is normally evacuated to assist in the heat insulation of the inner conduit 1. Evacuation of the space 3 occurs after the insulation units (to be subsequently described) are in place and after all, or a substantial part, of the entire conduit has been layed.
- annular rings 4 which are preferably formed of glass fibers or other similar somewhat porous material, but which has sufficient compressive strength to support the conduit 1 'within the pipe or jacket 2.
- the ring 4 is sufficiently porous so that air can readily pass through it when the space 3 is being evacuated.
- a sleeve 5 is concentric with the ring 4 and is positioned on the outside of the ring, extending between the outer surface of the ring and the inner surface of the jacket 2. This sleeve 5 is also formed of glass fibers or other suitable porous material which has sufficient compressive strength.
- the sleeve 5 and the ring 4 are slightly spaced at their adjacent faces by a spacer ring 6.
- the spacer 6 is shorter than the ring 4 and sleeve 5 to provide annular grooves to receive the ends of annular insulation packs 7.
- the insulation packs 7 extend longitudinally between adjacent supporting rings 4, as shown, and these insulation packs are assembled in the following manner:
- a flat faced polyester sheet 8 termed Mylar is coated by a reflecting material such as silver.
- the flat sheets 8 are separated by corrugated or dimpled sheets 9, which sheets are also formed of a polyester coated material termed Mylar.
- the corrugated or dimpled sheets 9 have a permanent corrugation or dimple formed therein, and since the polyester sheet is so formed that the corrugation or dimpling of the sheet will not flatten or diminish, due to normal weight, vibration, or the like.
- the corrugated or dimpled separations while contacting adjacent flat insulator sheet 8, will still not cause a heat flow or transfer through the insulating pack, due to the fact that the points of contact are small and, furthermore, the corrugated or dimpled sheets are also reflective structures, thus materially reducing the heat flow due to contact.
- the dimples of the separating sheet 9 are spaced along two directions which are disposed substantially at right angles to each other.
- a characteristic of the polyester sheet termed Mylar is such that no drying or baking cycle is required to dry moisture out of the insulation.
- the composition of the polyester film precludes the absorption of moisture or the entraprnent of gases.
- polyester sheets 9 provide convenient escape routes or passages for atmospheric air which might be trapped between the flat sheets 8 and the dimpled sheets 9 during the vacuum pump down.
- FIGURE 7 I have illustrated a modified form of end support for the insulating bundles of polyester sheets, consisting of an outer annular supporting ring 10 which is formed with an inner annular groove 11.
- a pair of inner annular sleeves 12-13 are spaced longitudinally of the conduit 1 to provide an annular space 14.
- the ends of the adjacent insulation packs 7 extend into the space between the rings 10 and the spaced sleeves 1213 as shown.
- I provide a short length of insulation 14 which fits in the groove 11.
- the insulation 14- is constructed in the same manner as the insulation pack 7 previously described.
- a second insulation pack 15 is positioned within the space 14, and this insulation pack is also similar in construction to the insulation pack 7 previously described. In this manner I provide additional depth of insulation between the inner conduit 1 and the outer pipe or jacket 2.
- this construction also there is a continuous pack of insulation running longitudinally of the conduit and extending throughout the entire length of that conduit.
- My method of suspending a dimpled polyester (Mylar) cryogenic insulation in pipe lines or in Dewars results in a stress-free system with a safety factor based on weight of the insulation of more than ten to one.
- the insulation qualities of metallized polyester sheets (Mylar) would never deteriorate in use, due to temperature, cycling or any other conditions to be found in cryogenic applications. This means that a dimpled sheet of Mylar, as disclosed in this application, will be maintenance free for the life of the equipment.
- tMy improved multiple layer insulation is applicable to cryogenic installations other than a pipe line, for example, this construction can be used on cryogenic Dewar vessels, spaced chambers, as might be employed in outer space, as 'well as vessels, containers, and the like, which either contain or house a cryogenic material, or with which to exclude an outer low temperature from the space within the vessel.
- My insulation construction can be employed in any vessel or pipe line with vacuum jacketin g.
- a multiple layer insulation in combination with a cryogenic pipe line comprising,
- an insulation pack in said space comprising superimposed sheets of reflective plastic material formed as cylinders surrounding the inner pipe,
- said insulation pack comprising alternate plain surfaced sheets of reflective plastic material separated by a dimpled sheet of reflective plastic material which dimples make small points of contact with a 4 said plain surfaced sheets and wherein said dimples are spaced apart along two directions disposed substantially at right angles to each other,
- annular supporting ring having means thereon to receive one end of an insulation pack to support said insulation pack in spaced relation to both said inner pipe and said outer jacket.
- a multiple layer insulation in combination with a cryogenic pipe line comprising,
- an insulation pack in said space comprising superimposed sheets of reflective plastic material formed as cylinders surrounding the inner pipe,
- said insulation pack comprising alternate plain surfaced sheets of reflective plastic material separated by a dimpled sheet of reflective plastic material which dimples make small points of contact with said plain surfaced sheets and wherein said dimples are spaced apart along two directions disposed substantially at right angles to each other,
- annular supporting ring having means thereon to receive one end of an insulation pack to support said insulation pack in spaced relation to both said inner pipe and said outer jacket
- said means comprising an annular groove in the end of the supporting ring into which the end of the insulation pack fits.
- An assembly comprising:
- each of said packs including opposed and spaced essentially planar, radiation-reflecting sheets; and (d) a separator sheet intermediate each pair of said reflecting sheets,
- said separator sheet being formed to provide dimples facing each pair of said reflecting sheets which dimples make small points of contact with said reflecting sheets,
- thermal insulative support means interfitting edge portions of said packs for holding said packs in spaced relation to said walls.
- each of said sheets consists of plastic film having a radiationreflecting metallic coating on the outer film surfaces.
- a thermal insulation packing comprising:
- said separator sheet being formed to provide dimplies facing each pair of said reflecting sheets which dimples make small points of contact with said reflecting sheets, and said dimples being spaced apart along two directions of said separator sheet disposed substantially at right angles to each other, and
- porous, thermal insulative support means interlitting edge portions of: the packing for holding the packing between and in spaced relation to inner and outer walls of a container.
- each of said sheets consists of plastic film with a metallic, radiation-reflecting coating on the outer surfaces of said film.
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- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Description
P. JONES Aug. 20, 1968 MULTIPLE LAYER INSULATION FOR A CRYOGENIC STRUCTURE Filed OCt. 23, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.
PE re-e J'o/vas P. JONES Aug. 20, 1968 MULTIPLE LAYER INSULATION FOR A CRYOGENIC STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 23, 1964 INVENTOR.
P5 7222 J'o/vss BY I I United States Patent 3,397,720 MULTIPLE LAYER INSULATION FOR A CRYOGENIC STRUCTURE Peter Jones, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments to Hitco, Gardena, Califl, a corporation of California Filed Oct. 23, 1964, Ser. No. 405,929 7 Claims. (Cl. 138149) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A thermal insulation of alternating plain reflective plastic sheets and dimpled plastic sheets, the dimples being spaced apart along two directions substantially at right angles to each other. Support means at each end of an insulation pack are provided to prevent contact of the insulation with inner or outer walls of an insulated container.
This invention relates to a multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic pipe line, and particularly to the means to effectively prevent excessive heat transfer from the external atmosphere or room temperature to the cryogenic material which is flowing within a spaced inner pipe or conduit. The cryogenic material referred to in this application may be liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or the like, all of which have a very low temperature while in a liquid state.
My invention provides an effective means of insulating an inner conduit carrying cryogenic material from an outer pipe or jacket which surround-s the conduit to prevent heat from being transferred from the outside, or the atmosphere, to the cryogenic material whereby that material may be caused to vaporize. This means includes alternate layers of flat sunfaced reflective sheets, such as polyester film, separated by corrugated or dimpled sheets of the same reflective polyester film.
Another object of my invention is to provide a novel insulation means of the character stated, whereby a plurality of superposed sheets are supported at their ends by pads formed of glass fibers or other insulating material.
Another object of my invention is to provide an effective means to keep the flat reflector sheets separated, so that the reflector layers do not transmit heat by means of direct contact with each other.
Still another object of my invention is to provide a novel insulation means which is relatively inexpensive, and which requires a minimum of labor to install. Furthermore, my insulation means provides sufiicient strength and excellent resistance to external dynamic effects and damaging vibrations. The entire assembly of the reflector sheets is totally separated from contact with either cold or warm surfaces. This is accomplished by the end supports which are formed of strong material of low heat conductivity.
Other objects, advantages and features of invention may appear :from the accompanying drawings, the subjoined detailed description and the appended claims.
In the drawing:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of one pair of superposed insulation sheets.
FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary view of an insulated pipe line embodying my invention and with parts broken away to show interior construction.
FIGURE 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken on line 55 of FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 6 is an enlarged transverse sectional View of the insulation within the area indicated by 6 in FIG- URE 5.
FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a modified form of insulation sheet support.
Referring more particularly to the. drawing, the numeral 1 indicates an inner conduit which will be termed the cryogenic conduit. This conduit carries the cryogenic material, such as liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or the like. An outer jacket 2 is spaced from the conduit 1 and is concentric with that conduit. The conduit 1 and the jacket 2 are both metallic pipes and of suflicient strength and thickness to carry the particular load which is required. An annular space 3 is thus formed between the conduit 1 and the jacket 2 and this space is normally evacuated to assist in the heat insulation of the inner conduit 1. Evacuation of the space 3 occurs after the insulation units (to be subsequently described) are in place and after all, or a substantial part, of the entire conduit has been layed.
At intervals throughout the length of the conduit 1, I provide supporting annular rings 4, which are preferably formed of glass fibers or other similar somewhat porous material, but which has sufficient compressive strength to support the conduit 1 'within the pipe or jacket 2. The ring 4 is sufficiently porous so that air can readily pass through it when the space 3 is being evacuated. A sleeve 5 is concentric with the ring 4 and is positioned on the outside of the ring, extending between the outer surface of the ring and the inner surface of the jacket 2. This sleeve 5 is also formed of glass fibers or other suitable porous material which has sufficient compressive strength. The sleeve 5 and the ring 4 are slightly spaced at their adjacent faces by a spacer ring 6. The spacer 6 is shorter than the ring 4 and sleeve 5 to provide annular grooves to receive the ends of annular insulation packs 7. The insulation packs 7 extend longitudinally between adjacent supporting rings 4, as shown, and these insulation packs are assembled in the following manner: A flat faced polyester sheet 8 termed Mylar is coated by a reflecting material such as silver. The flat sheets 8 are separated by corrugated or dimpled sheets 9, which sheets are also formed of a polyester coated material termed Mylar. The corrugated or dimpled sheets 9 have a permanent corrugation or dimple formed therein, and since the polyester sheet is so formed that the corrugation or dimpling of the sheet will not flatten or diminish, due to normal weight, vibration, or the like. The corrugated or dimpled separations, while contacting adjacent flat insulator sheet 8, will still not cause a heat flow or transfer through the insulating pack, due to the fact that the points of contact are small and, furthermore, the corrugated or dimpled sheets are also reflective structures, thus materially reducing the heat flow due to contact. The dimples of the separating sheet 9 are spaced along two directions which are disposed substantially at right angles to each other. A characteristic of the polyester sheet termed Mylar is such that no drying or baking cycle is required to dry moisture out of the insulation. The composition of the polyester film precludes the absorption of moisture or the entraprnent of gases. Also the dimpling or corrugation of the polyester sheets 9 provides convenient escape routes or passages for atmospheric air which might be trapped between the flat sheets 8 and the dimpled sheets 9 during the vacuum pump down. These qualities of the polyester sheets and their construction as described materially simplifies the maintenance of the required vacuum within the pipe line, and also materially simplifies this pump operation.
In FIGURE 7 I have illustrated a modified form of end support for the insulating bundles of polyester sheets, consisting of an outer annular supporting ring 10 which is formed with an inner annular groove 11. A pair of inner annular sleeves 12-13 are spaced longitudinally of the conduit 1 to provide an annular space 14. The ends of the adjacent insulation packs 7 extend into the space between the rings 10 and the spaced sleeves 1213 as shown. To hold these packs 7 in position, particularly as to their adjacent abutting ends, I provide a short length of insulation 14 which fits in the groove 11. The insulation 14- is constructed in the same manner as the insulation pack 7 previously described. A second insulation pack 15 is positioned within the space 14, and this insulation pack is also similar in construction to the insulation pack 7 previously described. In this manner I provide additional depth of insulation between the inner conduit 1 and the outer pipe or jacket 2. In this construction also there is a continuous pack of insulation running longitudinally of the conduit and extending throughout the entire length of that conduit.
My method of suspending a dimpled polyester (Mylar) cryogenic insulation in pipe lines or in Dewars results in a stress-free system with a safety factor based on weight of the insulation of more than ten to one. The insulation qualities of metallized polyester sheets (Mylar) would never deteriorate in use, due to temperature, cycling or any other conditions to be found in cryogenic applications. This means that a dimpled sheet of Mylar, as disclosed in this application, will be maintenance free for the life of the equipment. There are also material advantages due to a savings in the cooled down process, due to a reduced mass in my insulation.
In my method and structure as disclosed, no Mylar layers will touch either a cold or warm surface of the evacuated space, thereby permitting only a small temperature difference across the insulation packs 7 or the layers thereof. This means according to the Stefan- Boltzmann law that the undesirable heat leak is brought to a minimum and is under a controlled design environment.
tMy improved multiple layer insulation is applicable to cryogenic installations other than a pipe line, for example, this construction can be used on cryogenic Dewar vessels, spaced chambers, as might be employed in outer space, as 'well as vessels, containers, and the like, which either contain or house a cryogenic material, or with which to exclude an outer low temperature from the space within the vessel. My insulation construction can be employed in any vessel or pipe line with vacuum jacketin g.
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. A multiple layer insulation in combination with a cryogenic pipe line comprising,
an inner pipe conveying a cryogenic material,
an outer jacket surrounding the inner pipe and radially spaced therefrom,
an insulation pack in said space comprising superimposed sheets of reflective plastic material formed as cylinders surrounding the inner pipe,
said insulation pack comprising alternate plain surfaced sheets of reflective plastic material separated by a dimpled sheet of reflective plastic material which dimples make small points of contact with a 4 said plain surfaced sheets and wherein said dimples are spaced apart along two directions disposed substantially at right angles to each other,
and annular insulative and porous supporting rings surrounding the inner pipe and longitudinally spaced thereon,
said annular supporting ring having means thereon to receive one end of an insulation pack to support said insulation pack in spaced relation to both said inner pipe and said outer jacket.
2. A multiple layer insulation in combination with a cryogenic pipe line comprising,
an inner pipe conveying a cryogenic material,
an outer jacket surrounding the inner pipe and radially spaced therefrom,
an insulation pack in said space comprising superimposed sheets of reflective plastic material formed as cylinders surrounding the inner pipe,
said insulation pack comprising alternate plain surfaced sheets of reflective plastic material separated by a dimpled sheet of reflective plastic material which dimples make small points of contact with said plain surfaced sheets and wherein said dimples are spaced apart along two directions disposed substantially at right angles to each other,
and annular insulative and porous supporting rings surrounding the inner pipe and longitudinally spaced thereon,
said annular supporting ring having means thereon to receive one end of an insulation pack to support said insulation pack in spaced relation to both said inner pipe and said outer jacket,
said means comprising an annular groove in the end of the supporting ring into which the end of the insulation pack fits.
3. An assembly comprising:
(a) a container having spaced inner and outer walls;
and
(b) thermal insulation packs extending between said walls and being spaced therefrom;
(c) each of said packs including opposed and spaced essentially planar, radiation-reflecting sheets; and (d) a separator sheet intermediate each pair of said reflecting sheets,
(c) said separator sheet being formed to provide dimples facing each pair of said reflecting sheets which dimples make small points of contact with said reflecting sheets,
(f) said dimples being spaced apart along two directions of said separator sheet disposed substantially at right angles to each other; and
(g) thermal insulative support means interfitting edge portions of said packs for holding said packs in spaced relation to said walls.
4. The assembly defined in claim 3 in which said support means comprises porous material, the space between said walls being at a pressure substantially below atmospheric pressure.
5. The assembly defined in claim 3 in which each of said sheets consists of plastic film having a radiationreflecting metallic coating on the outer film surfaces.
6. A thermal insulation packing comprising:
(a) opposed and spaced essentially planar, radiationreflecting sheets; and
(b) a separator sheet disposed intermediate each pair of said reflecting sheets,
(c) said separator sheet being formed to provide dimplies facing each pair of said reflecting sheets which dimples make small points of contact with said reflecting sheets, and said dimples being spaced apart along two directions of said separator sheet disposed substantially at right angles to each other, and
(d) porous, thermal insulative support means interlitting edge portions of: the packing for holding the packing between and in spaced relation to inner and outer walls of a container.
7. The packing defined in claim 6 in which each of said sheets consists of plastic film with a metallic, radiation-reflecting coating on the outer surfaces of said film.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 683,514 10/1901 Stephens 138-448 1,987,798 1/1935 Ruppricht 161137 X 2,179,057 11/1-939 Schuetz 138148 X 10 LAVERNE D. GEIGER, Primary Examiner.
C. L. HOUCK, Assistant Examiner.
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US405929A US3397720A (en) | 1964-10-23 | 1964-10-23 | Multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US405929A US3397720A (en) | 1964-10-23 | 1964-10-23 | Multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic structure |
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Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3463691A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1969-08-26 | American Standard Inc | Method for forming liquid heat exchange piping system |
US3511282A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1970-05-12 | Continental Oil Co | Prestressed conduit for heated fluids |
US3654691A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1972-04-11 | Continental Oil Co | Process for constructing prestressed conduit for heated fluids |
US3694914A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-10-03 | Comp Generale Electricite | Cryogenic connection for the transmission of high electric power and method of manufacture thereof |
US3696627A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1972-10-10 | Air Prod & Chem | Liquid cryogen transfer system |
US3725565A (en) * | 1971-04-22 | 1973-04-03 | Siemens Ag | Expansion member for superconducting cable |
JPS4833449A (en) * | 1971-09-04 | 1973-05-10 | ||
US3777501A (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1973-12-11 | Martin Marietta Corp | Capillary insulation |
US3810491A (en) * | 1971-10-27 | 1974-05-14 | Linde Ag | Method of insulating conduit |
US3911961A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1975-10-14 | Federal Mogul Corp | High temperature duct insulator and method of making same |
JPS5183261A (en) * | 1975-01-18 | 1976-07-21 | Hitachi Cable | TAJUDOSHINDANNETSUDOKAN |
US4099726A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1978-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Packing for cryogenic seal joint |
US4235956A (en) * | 1978-04-29 | 1980-11-25 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Aktiengesellschaft | Electrochemical storage battery |
EP0042356A1 (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1981-12-23 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Use of partially crystalline polymers as insulating material for cryogenic applications |
US4525968A (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1985-07-02 | Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft | All-metallic heat insulation, formed of heat insulating building blocks which can be joined together |
WO1986000122A1 (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1986-01-03 | The Dow Chemical Company | Heat insulating structures for low-temperature or cryogenic pipings |
CH665266A5 (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1988-04-29 | Brugg Ag Kabelwerke | Fixed point to a pipeline. |
US5400602A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1995-03-28 | Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. | Cryogenic transport hose |
US6003321A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-12-21 | The University Of Toledo | Open flow helium cryostat system and related method of using |
US6123218A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2000-09-26 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Construction for attaching a radiant heat blocking metal foil of an insulated container |
US6179155B1 (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 2001-01-30 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Insulated vessel and method of production therefor |
US6230750B1 (en) | 1995-02-14 | 2001-05-15 | Marc Lessard | Insulating air conduit |
US6491180B2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-12-10 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Fuel tank |
FR2842278A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-01-16 | Strulik Wilhelm P | Insulated flexible duct e.g. for air conditioning systems has thermal insulation layer made from plastic forming air-filled cavities |
US20050121903A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-09 | Itp | Pipeline for the transportation of liquefied natural gas |
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US3463691A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1969-08-26 | American Standard Inc | Method for forming liquid heat exchange piping system |
US3511282A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1970-05-12 | Continental Oil Co | Prestressed conduit for heated fluids |
US3654691A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1972-04-11 | Continental Oil Co | Process for constructing prestressed conduit for heated fluids |
US3694914A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-10-03 | Comp Generale Electricite | Cryogenic connection for the transmission of high electric power and method of manufacture thereof |
US3911961A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1975-10-14 | Federal Mogul Corp | High temperature duct insulator and method of making same |
US3696627A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1972-10-10 | Air Prod & Chem | Liquid cryogen transfer system |
US3777501A (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1973-12-11 | Martin Marietta Corp | Capillary insulation |
US3725565A (en) * | 1971-04-22 | 1973-04-03 | Siemens Ag | Expansion member for superconducting cable |
JPS5654512B2 (en) * | 1971-09-04 | 1981-12-25 | ||
JPS4833449A (en) * | 1971-09-04 | 1973-05-10 | ||
US3810491A (en) * | 1971-10-27 | 1974-05-14 | Linde Ag | Method of insulating conduit |
JPS5183261A (en) * | 1975-01-18 | 1976-07-21 | Hitachi Cable | TAJUDOSHINDANNETSUDOKAN |
US4099726A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1978-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Packing for cryogenic seal joint |
US4235956A (en) * | 1978-04-29 | 1980-11-25 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Aktiengesellschaft | Electrochemical storage battery |
US4525968A (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1985-07-02 | Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft | All-metallic heat insulation, formed of heat insulating building blocks which can be joined together |
EP0042356A1 (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1981-12-23 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Use of partially crystalline polymers as insulating material for cryogenic applications |
WO1986000122A1 (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1986-01-03 | The Dow Chemical Company | Heat insulating structures for low-temperature or cryogenic pipings |
CH665266A5 (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1988-04-29 | Brugg Ag Kabelwerke | Fixed point to a pipeline. |
US5400602A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1995-03-28 | Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. | Cryogenic transport hose |
US6179155B1 (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 2001-01-30 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Insulated vessel and method of production therefor |
US6230750B1 (en) | 1995-02-14 | 2001-05-15 | Marc Lessard | Insulating air conduit |
US6003321A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-12-21 | The University Of Toledo | Open flow helium cryostat system and related method of using |
US6123218A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2000-09-26 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Construction for attaching a radiant heat blocking metal foil of an insulated container |
US6491180B2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-12-10 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Fuel tank |
FR2842278A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-01-16 | Strulik Wilhelm P | Insulated flexible duct e.g. for air conditioning systems has thermal insulation layer made from plastic forming air-filled cavities |
US7494155B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2009-02-24 | Itp | Pipeline for the transportation of liquefied natural gas |
US20050121903A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-09 | Itp | Pipeline for the transportation of liquefied natural gas |
AU2004229037B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2010-05-20 | Itp | Pipeline for the transportation of liquefied natural gas |
EP1645793A2 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-12 | Cryospace l'air liquide aerospatiale | Cryogenic insulation device |
FR2876437A1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-14 | Cryospace L Air Liquide Aerosp | CRYOGENIC ISOLATION DEVICE, METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING AND USING SAID INSULATION DEVICE, AND LAUNCHER EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ISOLATION DEVICE |
EP1645793A3 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2010-12-08 | Cryospace l'air liquide aerospatiale | Cryogenic insulation device |
EP2105547A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-09-30 | Thomas Rotter | Vacuum insulating element |
WO2009118154A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Thomas Rotter | Vacuum-insulation element |
US20110183119A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-07-28 | Thomas Rotter | Vacuum-Insulation Element |
US8383225B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2013-02-26 | Thomas Rotter | Vacuum-insulation element |
US20130205826A1 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2013-08-15 | Johannes Wild | Cooling apparatus |
US9851126B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2017-12-26 | Johannes Wild | Cooling apparatus |
US20140299038A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Cargo tank for extremely low temperature substance carrier |
US9335003B2 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2016-05-10 | Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Cargo tank for extremely low temperature substance carrier |
GB2579074A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-06-10 | Siemens Healthcare Ltd | A self-supporting flexible thermal radiation shield |
GB2579074B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-02-17 | Siemens Healthcare Ltd | A self-supporting flexible thermal radiation shield |
US11703556B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2023-07-18 | Siemens Healthcare Limited | Self-supporting flexible thermal radiation shield |
CN110864194A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-06 | 长春工业大学 | Pipeline heat preservation device for heating |
CN110864194B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-29 | 长春工业大学 | Pipeline heat preservation device for heating |
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AS | Assignment |
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