Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
  • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
  • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers

Definitions

• This invention relates to detonation charges for blasting explosives, and more particularly this invention relates to detonation charges for blasting explosives that are relatively non-sensitive in handling and non-hazardous during the manufacture and packing of the same into cartridges or the like, but which can readily be brought to detonation and which are prepared from mixtures of at least one brisant explosive with water or another aqueous solution.
• Explosive compositions such as mixtures of ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene and water, mixtures of ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, and cast charges of TNT, for which brisant detonating charges (primers) are required to initiate the detonation instead of blasting caps or instantaneous fuses, are already known.
• Cast or pressed bodies of solid brisant explosives such as cast charges of TNT and Hexogen (cyclotrimethylenetrinitroamine), pressed bodies of desensitized PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) or tetryl (tetranitromethylaniline), etc. or of nitric acid esters and ammonium nitrate are usually used as the detonators.
• the conventional detonating charges are extremely sensitive to shock and impact.
• shock and impact For example, when drilling into charges that have not been completely detonated in blast holes, there is the ever present danger of producing detonation.
• solid, rigid detonating charges are difficult to insert because of the possibility of canting.
• Gelatinized blasting explosives cannot reliably be brought to their maximum speed of detonation by establishing contact therewith with an instantaneous fuse, but are usually brought only to their lowest speed of detonation, which is not always sufiicient for the initiation of the explosive charge.
• Brisant explosives which are practically insoluble in water, and which have been found particularly suitable for the manufacture of the detonating charges of the present invention include compounds such as solid nitric acid esters, e.g., pentaerythritol tetranitrate, nitro mannitol, nitro starch, nitrated aromatic compounds, e.g. tn'nitrotoluene, and nitramines, e.g., cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, trinitrophenyl-methylnitramine and the like. Mixtures of the above mentioned brisant explosives can also be used to great advantage.
• solid nitric acid esters e.g., pentaerythritol tetranitrate, nitro mannitol, nitro starch, nitrated aromatic compounds, e.g. tn'nitrotoluene, and nitramines,
• the lower limit of the brisant component of the detonator charge amounts to approximately 50 percent by weight. This limit is determined substantially by the particular speed of detonation required (above 5000 rn./sec.).
• the brisant explosives are used in amounts varying from 50 to 85% of weight, and preferably from 60 to of weight.
• aqueous solution can also be used in accordance with the invention, which contain in addition to salts (salts which participate in the detonation, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates and perchlorates, or inert salts of the type alkaline earth metal chlorides), swelling agents.
• salts salts which participate in the detonation, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates and perchlorates, or inert salts of the type alkaline earth metal chlorides
• swelling agents such as sodium s and sodium nitrates and perchlorates, or inert salts of the type alkaline earth metal chlorides
• the water content or the content of the aqueous solution in the detonating charge should advantageously amount to not less than 5 percent by weight at the very least.
• An amount of water varying from 15 to 30% of weight, and preferably from 20 to 30% of weight is generally applied, when water is used without addition of salts.
• the amount of water is varying from 5 to 20% of weight, and preferably from 5 to 12% of weight. While amounts of salts varying from 10 to 45% of weight, and preferably from 15 to 30% of weight are used.
• Swelling agents applied in accordance with the present invention may include compounds of the group consisting of guar flour, alginates, agar-agar, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and the like. These swelling agents are added in amounts varying from 0.1 to 5% of weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 2% of weight.
• Powdered metals can also be added to the new detonating charges.
• Prepared aluminum and magnesium powders and powdered alloys thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous in this regard.
• the amounts of powdered metals may vary from 1 to 35% of weight. The range preferred varies from 5 to 20% of weight.
• the novel detonating charges can be used for initiating the detonation of high explosives in the same quantities as have conventionally been used hitherto in the explosive industry for other detonating charges.
• the detonator is most advantageously used in cartridge form.
• One not inconsiderable advantage of the detonators in accordance with the invention is that they can be brought in fairly large quantities to the site of the explosion and can there be loaded in the quantity required for the explosion. Thus, at that point they can be loaded into metal, plastic, or like canisters, and be used in that form. They can also be cartridged in tubes, bags or other such containers, constructed of plastic or waterproof paper of the type conventionally used in the explosive art.
• detonator charges of the present invention has still further advantages over those charges presently usedln comparison with pressed or cast charges of solid, high explosives, and in comparison with gelatinous explosives prepared on the basis of nitric acid esters, safety in handling is considerably improved. While pentolite (mixtures of trinitrotoluene and pentaerythritol tetranitrate) and ammonium gelites can be brought to detonation six times out of six, using a drop hammer having a hammer weight of 1 kg. and a drop height of 50 cm.,
• the detonating charge as described in Example 1 requires kg. of hammer weight for the same drop height under substantially identical conditions. Furthermore, due to their water content, the detonation charges of the invention are characterized by a reduced infiammability. In spite of their greater handling safety, the new detonating charges of the invention are brought, without any difficulty, to a high speed of detonation by an attached instantaneous fuse.
• the detonation charges of the invention can be applied wherever and whenever the use of rigid explosive bodies encounters difliculties or is contra-indicated.
• the above-described explosive was used successfully as a detonating charge for mixtures of ammonium nitrate, TNT and water in large bore-hole blasting in massive basalt.
• the detonating charge was contained in a cartridge constructed of flexible plastic tubing and having a length of 200 mm. and a diameter of 50 mm. which easily inserted into the bore hole because of its flexibility.
• Explosions carried out under the same conditions using a gelatinous rock blasting explosive (Ammongelit described in Chemische Technologie' by Winnacker and Weingartner, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, 1960, vol. 4, pp. 754) as the detonating charge resulted in a far lesser explosive eflt'ect.
• a mixture of 44% nitrocellulose powder consisting of 85 wt. percent nitrocellulose and 15 wt. percent stabilizer and plasticizer in the form of cord grains having 4.8 mm. diam. and a length of 11.8 mm.
• 24% NH NO 31.9% of a salt solution saturated with Ca(NO and NH NO and 0.17 guar flour was prepared.
• 400 g. of the detonating mass as above described were placed in a cartridge made of flexible plastic tubing 4 (50 mm. diam.) which in turn were placed in an iron pipe having a length of 700 mm., a diameter of 65 mm., and wall thickness of 4 mm., closed at one end, and were detonated with an instantaneous fuse applied to them.
• EXAMPLES 5 TO 8 The effect of additional detonating charges, having a length of 50 mm. and a 30 mm. diam. was evaluated on cast TNT bodies (length 200 mm., diam.- 50 mm). In all cases, the TNT bodies were brought'to detonation.
• Density g./ec 1. 32 1. 50 1. 64 1. 57 Trauzl lead block expansion in cc 5 35 330 Detonation speed, rn./see.
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:
• a detonator composition of reduced hazard during manufacture and of substantially full sensitivity to detonation at the time of use consisting of:

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• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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Cited By (8)

Citations (9)

• 1963
  • 1963-06-12 DE DED41752A patent/DE1195213B/de active Pending
• 1964
  • 1964-06-05 CH CH734464A patent/CH450257A/de unknown
  • 1964-06-08 US US374229A patent/US3369944A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1964-06-12 AT AT505964A patent/AT260753B/de active
  • 1964-10-01 BE BE649085A patent/BE649085A/xx not_active Expired

Patent Citations (9)

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