US3368016A - Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3368016A US3368016A US476833A US47683365A US3368016A US 3368016 A US3368016 A US 3368016A US 476833 A US476833 A US 476833A US 47683365 A US47683365 A US 47683365A US 3368016 A US3368016 A US 3368016A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- zone
- flat
- prestressed
- prestress
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
- E04C3/22—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members built-up by elements jointed in line
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
- E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
- E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element
Definitions
- the process of making the beam includes subjecting it to one prestress by means of wires located in the second-mentioned zone, then attaching metal flats, whereby at least one flat is attached by bolts of high tensile strength, applying a layer of mortar between this flat and the underlying flange and then subjecting the beam to another prestress by means of wires located in the second-mentioned zone.
- An object of the present invention is the provision of a beam which will make it possible to reach limiting values of 1/11 of the order of twice as much as is possible with prestressed concrete, under the same conditions.
- FIGURE 1 is a cross section, partially in perspective, of a beam of the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 is a section through a similar beam provided with additional elements.
- the process for making such beam substantially consists in starting with a prefabricated concrete beam 1 (FIG. 1) which may comprise in its zone intended to be compressed by outside stresses, at least one unstressed metal element; in applying to this beam at first prestress by means of wires 6; in fastening to the beam in question, in the zone thereof intended for being subjected to outside tensile stresses, at least one nonstressed element 8 by means of fastening elements of high tensile strength and in inserting, between the metal and the concrete, a layer of mortar 9 and, finally, in applying onto the composite material which has thus been realized by means of wires 7, a second prestress.
- a prefabricated concrete beam 1 (FIG. 1) which may comprise in its zone intended to be compressed by outside stresses, at least one unstressed metal element; in applying to this beam at first prestress by means of wires 6; in fastening to the beam in question, in the zone thereof intended for being subjected to outside tensile stresses, at least one nonstressed element 8 by
- the composite and prestressed steel-concrete beam consists of a prefabricated concrete beam 1 onto which is fastened a nonstressed metal flat 8 on the side where the flange will be compressed by outside stresses.
- This flat may be fastened to the hard concrete by means of bolts 10 of high elastic limit and by inserting a layer 9 of cement-mortar or other material between the metal flat and the concrete flange.
- bolts 10 must be able to withstand the skimming stresses existing between the metal flat and the remainder of the section (the skimming or grazing stress being the eflort which tends to separate the concrete from the steel).
- the bolts of high elastic limit subject the contact surface between the steel and the concrete to a prestress which provides the connection by friction.
- the presence of the layer of cement-mortar provides a coeflicient of friction which is considerably higher than that which would be obtained without this layer of mortar.
- the flat can also be attached to the concrete flange by means of studs fastened into said metal flat. These studs should be provided with a head or hook in order to ensure a mutual grip between the flat and the concrete.
- the first prestress is applied by the wires 6, either to the concrete only, when the metal flat is fastened by means of studs of high tensile strength, or on the compound section formed by the concrete section and the steel section fastened to the flange which is to be compressed by outside stresses.
- the nonstressed metal flat is then fastened to the concrete flange which will be drawn by action of the outside stresses by means of bolts 10 of high tensile strength, by a layer of cement-mortar inserted between this flat and the concrete flange, or by other means which will make it possible to carry out this system of connection with or without mortar layer.
- These bolts 10 must only withstand the skimming effort existing between the flat and the remainder of the section, considering that in this case the metal flat is being drawn. Any suitable means may be used for inserting the bolts 10 in the manner shown in FIG. 1.
- the second prestress is then applied on the complete section with upper and lower flats by wires 7.
- the beam is ready; it has either protruding bars for the upper slab, or holes through which prestressing cables can be passed for the latter.
- this beam offers an additional safety against the formation of cracks, on account of the presence of the drawn metal flat. Under the action of creep, there will be no increase of stress therein. In fact, at this point, the concrete is only very weakly stressed and there is no need to seek release on the steel.
- the compressed metal flat will undergo a considerable increase of stresses: because at this point the concrete undergoes a very strong compression and will seek release by transferring part thereof to the steel.
- 1 is a prefabricated concrete beam
- 2 and 3 are the metal flats fastened by means of their studs 4-5 to the flange of the beam, before hardening
- 6 are the elements of first prestress
- 7 are the elements of second prestress
- 8 is the metal flat
- 9 is the layer of cementmortar inserted between flat 8 and the face of beam 1
- 10 are the bolts of high tensile strength for fastening the flat 8 to the flange of the concrete beam.
- FIG. 2 All these elements are again illustrated in the embodiment of FIGURE 2 which is moreover completed by concrete fillings 11-12 and by cross-bars or cross-cables 13 for subsequent application of a transversal prestress. Any suitable means are used for inserting the cable in the manner shown in FIG. 2.
- a process of making a composite steel-concrete beam comprising in combination the steps of casting a concrete beam having a first zone and a second zone, at least said second zone having a flange, said first zone being adapted to be subjected to a compressive stress and said second zone being adapted to be subjected to a tensile stress, securing at least one metal flat to said first zone, locating Wires in said second zone and causing said wires to produce a prestress in said beam, securing a metal flat to said second zone by bolts of high tensile strength extending through said flange while inserting a layer of mortar between said last mentioned metal fiat and said second zone, locating wires in said second zone and causing the last-mentioned wires to produce another prestress in said beam.
- a process of making a composite steel-concrete beam comprising in combination the steps of casting a concrete beam having a first zone and a second zone, said zones having separate flanges, said first zone being adapted to be subjected to a compressive stress and said second Zone being adapted to be subjected to a tensile stress, locating wires in said second zone and causing said wires to produce a prestress in said beam, securing separate metal flats to said zones at least partly by bolts of high tensile strength extending through at least one of said flanges while inserting a layer of mortar between at least one of said flats and at least one of said zones, locating wires in said second zone and causing the last-mentioned wires to produce another prestress in said beam.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE664243A BE664243A (xx) | 1965-05-21 | 1965-05-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3368016A true US3368016A (en) | 1968-02-06 |
Family
ID=3847573
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US476833A Expired - Lifetime US3368016A (en) | 1965-05-21 | 1965-08-03 | Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3368016A (xx) |
BE (2) | BE664243A (xx) |
ES (1) | ES317020A1 (xx) |
IL (1) | IL25157A (xx) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4516876A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1985-05-14 | Wicks Harry O | Precast concrete expansion joint for roads and the like |
US4856173A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1989-08-15 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method of the formation of slide surfaces on a track for electromagnetically levitated vehicles |
WO1990007410A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-12 | Varitech Industries, Inc. | Method of encapsulating a tendon tensioning anchor |
US5072558A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1991-12-17 | Varitech Industries, Inc. | Post-tension anchor system |
US5115622A (en) * | 1989-12-23 | 1992-05-26 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Method of reinforcing structural components |
US5152112A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-10-06 | Iota Construction Ltd. | Composite girder construction and method of making same |
ES2048047A2 (es) * | 1991-09-05 | 1994-03-01 | In Tec Impulsor Sa | Procedimiento para la rehabilitacion de forjados deteriorados. |
US5479748A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1996-01-02 | Siller; Jose L. | Friction connector for anchoring reinforcement tendons in reinforced or pre-stressed concrete girders |
US5617685A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1997-04-08 | Eidgenoessische Materialpruefungs- Und Forschungsanstalt Empa | Method and apparatus for increasing the shear strength of a construction structure |
US6054197A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-04-25 | State University Of New York At Albany | Structural elements |
US6385940B1 (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2002-05-14 | Leonhardt, Andra Und Partner Beratende Ingenieure Gmbh | Method and apparatus for strengthening/restoring a reinforced/prestressed concrete structure |
US20040187411A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Clegg James D. | Concrete construction log |
US6811861B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-11-02 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Structural reinforcement using composite strips |
US20050252116A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2005-11-17 | Markus Maier | Tensioning device for strip-shaped tension members |
US7107730B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2006-09-19 | Jae-Man Park | PSSC complex girder |
US7213379B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2007-05-08 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20070289234A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-12-20 | Barry Carlson | Composite decking material and methods associated with the same |
US20080295453A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2008-12-04 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20090075031A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Carlson Barry L | Structural member |
US20090094929A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2009-04-16 | Carlson Barry L | Reinforced structural member and frame structures |
US20110030307A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Concrete bar slag container |
US20120000153A1 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Urban Frame Engineering, Inc. | Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction |
CN102704698A (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-10-03 | 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 | 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构 |
RU2476655C2 (ru) * | 2010-07-13 | 2013-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СГУПС) | Способ усиления железобетонных элементов и их сопряжений |
US20190257081A1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-22 | Scott Edward Heatly | Precast modular structural building system and method |
US11078660B2 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-08-03 | Blach Construction Company | Prefabricated building system and methods |
US11286665B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2022-03-29 | Blach Construction Company | Roof panel system |
US11441314B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2022-09-13 | Blach Construction Company | Wall connection system |
US20220356703A1 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2022-11-10 | Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc | Refined prestressed concrete elements |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE431241B (sv) * | 1980-03-04 | 1984-01-23 | Vm Permaban Ab | Anordning for att legga golv av betong |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US947514A (en) * | 1908-10-19 | 1910-01-25 | Frank W Stevens | Concrete floor construction. |
US1243000A (en) * | 1916-03-04 | 1917-10-16 | Gertrude F Stewart | Composite beam. |
US2435998A (en) * | 1943-03-31 | 1948-02-17 | Porete Mfg Company | Composite prestressed concrete beam and slab structure |
US2587724A (en) * | 1945-09-10 | 1952-03-04 | Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust | Precast reinforced concrete unit |
CA559136A (en) * | 1951-05-03 | 1958-06-24 | W. Abeles Paul | Structural members |
US2844024A (en) * | 1954-10-21 | 1958-07-22 | Mcdonald James Leonard | Combination preformed and cast-in-situ reinforced flooring structure |
US2902721A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1959-09-08 | Gen Refractories Co | Process of molding refractory brick |
US3252215A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1966-05-24 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of coating a magnesium metal article |
-
0
- BE BE789655D patent/BE789655R/xx active
-
1965
- 1965-05-21 BE BE664243A patent/BE664243A/xx unknown
- 1965-08-03 US US476833A patent/US3368016A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-09-01 ES ES0317020A patent/ES317020A1/es not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-02-11 IL IL25157A patent/IL25157A/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US947514A (en) * | 1908-10-19 | 1910-01-25 | Frank W Stevens | Concrete floor construction. |
US1243000A (en) * | 1916-03-04 | 1917-10-16 | Gertrude F Stewart | Composite beam. |
US2435998A (en) * | 1943-03-31 | 1948-02-17 | Porete Mfg Company | Composite prestressed concrete beam and slab structure |
US2587724A (en) * | 1945-09-10 | 1952-03-04 | Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust | Precast reinforced concrete unit |
CA559136A (en) * | 1951-05-03 | 1958-06-24 | W. Abeles Paul | Structural members |
US2844024A (en) * | 1954-10-21 | 1958-07-22 | Mcdonald James Leonard | Combination preformed and cast-in-situ reinforced flooring structure |
US2902721A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1959-09-08 | Gen Refractories Co | Process of molding refractory brick |
US3252215A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1966-05-24 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of coating a magnesium metal article |
Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4516876A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1985-05-14 | Wicks Harry O | Precast concrete expansion joint for roads and the like |
US4856173A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1989-08-15 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method of the formation of slide surfaces on a track for electromagnetically levitated vehicles |
US5072558A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1991-12-17 | Varitech Industries, Inc. | Post-tension anchor system |
WO1990007410A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-12 | Varitech Industries, Inc. | Method of encapsulating a tendon tensioning anchor |
US5115622A (en) * | 1989-12-23 | 1992-05-26 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Method of reinforcing structural components |
US5152112A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-10-06 | Iota Construction Ltd. | Composite girder construction and method of making same |
ES2048047A2 (es) * | 1991-09-05 | 1994-03-01 | In Tec Impulsor Sa | Procedimiento para la rehabilitacion de forjados deteriorados. |
US5479748A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1996-01-02 | Siller; Jose L. | Friction connector for anchoring reinforcement tendons in reinforced or pre-stressed concrete girders |
US5617685A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1997-04-08 | Eidgenoessische Materialpruefungs- Und Forschungsanstalt Empa | Method and apparatus for increasing the shear strength of a construction structure |
US6054197A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-04-25 | State University Of New York At Albany | Structural elements |
US6385940B1 (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2002-05-14 | Leonhardt, Andra Und Partner Beratende Ingenieure Gmbh | Method and apparatus for strengthening/restoring a reinforced/prestressed concrete structure |
US6811861B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-11-02 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Structural reinforcement using composite strips |
US7107730B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2006-09-19 | Jae-Man Park | PSSC complex girder |
US20050252116A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2005-11-17 | Markus Maier | Tensioning device for strip-shaped tension members |
US20040187411A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Clegg James D. | Concrete construction log |
US7721496B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2010-05-25 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Composite decking material and methods associated with the same |
US7213379B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2007-05-08 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20070193212A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-08-23 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20070289234A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-12-20 | Barry Carlson | Composite decking material and methods associated with the same |
US20080295453A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2008-12-04 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20070193199A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-08-23 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US20090094929A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2009-04-16 | Carlson Barry L | Reinforced structural member and frame structures |
US8266856B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2012-09-18 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Reinforced structural member and frame structures |
US7882679B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2011-02-08 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US8938882B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2015-01-27 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Reinforced structural member and frame structures |
US7930866B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2011-04-26 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same |
US8438808B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2013-05-14 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Reinforced structural member and frame structures |
US8065848B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2011-11-29 | Tac Technologies, Llc | Structural member |
US20090075031A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Carlson Barry L | Structural member |
US20110030307A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Concrete bar slag container |
US8240096B2 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-08-14 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation | Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction |
US20120000153A1 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Urban Frame Engineering, Inc. | Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction |
RU2476655C2 (ru) * | 2010-07-13 | 2013-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СГУПС) | Способ усиления железобетонных элементов и их сопряжений |
CN102704698A (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-10-03 | 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 | 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构 |
CN102704698B (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2015-10-28 | 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 | 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构 |
US11441314B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2022-09-13 | Blach Construction Company | Wall connection system |
US11286665B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2022-03-29 | Blach Construction Company | Roof panel system |
US20190257081A1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-22 | Scott Edward Heatly | Precast modular structural building system and method |
US10550565B2 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-02-04 | Scott Edward Heatly | Precast modular structural building system and method |
US20200131754A1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-04-30 | Scott Edward Heatly | Precast modular structural building method |
US11306473B2 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2022-04-19 | Scott Edward Heatly | Precast modular structural building method |
US11078660B2 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-08-03 | Blach Construction Company | Prefabricated building system and methods |
US11821198B2 (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2023-11-21 | Blach Construction Company | Prefabricated building system and methods |
US20220356703A1 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2022-11-10 | Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc | Refined prestressed concrete elements |
US11773589B2 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-10-03 | Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc | Refined prestressed concrete elements |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE789655R (fr) | 1973-04-04 |
ES317020A1 (es) | 1965-12-01 |
BE664243A (xx) | 1965-09-16 |
IL25157A (en) | 1970-02-19 |
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