US3368016A - Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams - Google Patents

Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3368016A
US3368016A US476833A US47683365A US3368016A US 3368016 A US3368016 A US 3368016A US 476833 A US476833 A US 476833A US 47683365 A US47683365 A US 47683365A US 3368016 A US3368016 A US 3368016A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
zone
flat
prestressed
prestress
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US476833A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Birguer Alexandre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3368016A publication Critical patent/US3368016A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/22—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members built-up by elements jointed in line
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element

Definitions

  • the process of making the beam includes subjecting it to one prestress by means of wires located in the second-mentioned zone, then attaching metal flats, whereby at least one flat is attached by bolts of high tensile strength, applying a layer of mortar between this flat and the underlying flange and then subjecting the beam to another prestress by means of wires located in the second-mentioned zone.
  • An object of the present invention is the provision of a beam which will make it possible to reach limiting values of 1/11 of the order of twice as much as is possible with prestressed concrete, under the same conditions.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross section, partially in perspective, of a beam of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a section through a similar beam provided with additional elements.
  • the process for making such beam substantially consists in starting with a prefabricated concrete beam 1 (FIG. 1) which may comprise in its zone intended to be compressed by outside stresses, at least one unstressed metal element; in applying to this beam at first prestress by means of wires 6; in fastening to the beam in question, in the zone thereof intended for being subjected to outside tensile stresses, at least one nonstressed element 8 by means of fastening elements of high tensile strength and in inserting, between the metal and the concrete, a layer of mortar 9 and, finally, in applying onto the composite material which has thus been realized by means of wires 7, a second prestress.
  • a prefabricated concrete beam 1 (FIG. 1) which may comprise in its zone intended to be compressed by outside stresses, at least one unstressed metal element; in applying to this beam at first prestress by means of wires 6; in fastening to the beam in question, in the zone thereof intended for being subjected to outside tensile stresses, at least one nonstressed element 8 by
  • the composite and prestressed steel-concrete beam consists of a prefabricated concrete beam 1 onto which is fastened a nonstressed metal flat 8 on the side where the flange will be compressed by outside stresses.
  • This flat may be fastened to the hard concrete by means of bolts 10 of high elastic limit and by inserting a layer 9 of cement-mortar or other material between the metal flat and the concrete flange.
  • bolts 10 must be able to withstand the skimming stresses existing between the metal flat and the remainder of the section (the skimming or grazing stress being the eflort which tends to separate the concrete from the steel).
  • the bolts of high elastic limit subject the contact surface between the steel and the concrete to a prestress which provides the connection by friction.
  • the presence of the layer of cement-mortar provides a coeflicient of friction which is considerably higher than that which would be obtained without this layer of mortar.
  • the flat can also be attached to the concrete flange by means of studs fastened into said metal flat. These studs should be provided with a head or hook in order to ensure a mutual grip between the flat and the concrete.
  • the first prestress is applied by the wires 6, either to the concrete only, when the metal flat is fastened by means of studs of high tensile strength, or on the compound section formed by the concrete section and the steel section fastened to the flange which is to be compressed by outside stresses.
  • the nonstressed metal flat is then fastened to the concrete flange which will be drawn by action of the outside stresses by means of bolts 10 of high tensile strength, by a layer of cement-mortar inserted between this flat and the concrete flange, or by other means which will make it possible to carry out this system of connection with or without mortar layer.
  • These bolts 10 must only withstand the skimming effort existing between the flat and the remainder of the section, considering that in this case the metal flat is being drawn. Any suitable means may be used for inserting the bolts 10 in the manner shown in FIG. 1.
  • the second prestress is then applied on the complete section with upper and lower flats by wires 7.
  • the beam is ready; it has either protruding bars for the upper slab, or holes through which prestressing cables can be passed for the latter.
  • this beam offers an additional safety against the formation of cracks, on account of the presence of the drawn metal flat. Under the action of creep, there will be no increase of stress therein. In fact, at this point, the concrete is only very weakly stressed and there is no need to seek release on the steel.
  • the compressed metal flat will undergo a considerable increase of stresses: because at this point the concrete undergoes a very strong compression and will seek release by transferring part thereof to the steel.
  • 1 is a prefabricated concrete beam
  • 2 and 3 are the metal flats fastened by means of their studs 4-5 to the flange of the beam, before hardening
  • 6 are the elements of first prestress
  • 7 are the elements of second prestress
  • 8 is the metal flat
  • 9 is the layer of cementmortar inserted between flat 8 and the face of beam 1
  • 10 are the bolts of high tensile strength for fastening the flat 8 to the flange of the concrete beam.
  • FIG. 2 All these elements are again illustrated in the embodiment of FIGURE 2 which is moreover completed by concrete fillings 11-12 and by cross-bars or cross-cables 13 for subsequent application of a transversal prestress. Any suitable means are used for inserting the cable in the manner shown in FIG. 2.
  • a process of making a composite steel-concrete beam comprising in combination the steps of casting a concrete beam having a first zone and a second zone, at least said second zone having a flange, said first zone being adapted to be subjected to a compressive stress and said second zone being adapted to be subjected to a tensile stress, securing at least one metal flat to said first zone, locating Wires in said second zone and causing said wires to produce a prestress in said beam, securing a metal flat to said second zone by bolts of high tensile strength extending through said flange while inserting a layer of mortar between said last mentioned metal fiat and said second zone, locating wires in said second zone and causing the last-mentioned wires to produce another prestress in said beam.
  • a process of making a composite steel-concrete beam comprising in combination the steps of casting a concrete beam having a first zone and a second zone, said zones having separate flanges, said first zone being adapted to be subjected to a compressive stress and said second Zone being adapted to be subjected to a tensile stress, locating wires in said second zone and causing said wires to produce a prestress in said beam, securing separate metal flats to said zones at least partly by bolts of high tensile strength extending through at least one of said flanges while inserting a layer of mortar between at least one of said flats and at least one of said zones, locating wires in said second zone and causing the last-mentioned wires to produce another prestress in said beam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
US476833A 1965-05-21 1965-08-03 Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams Expired - Lifetime US3368016A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE664243A BE664243A (fr) 1965-05-21 1965-05-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3368016A true US3368016A (en) 1968-02-06

Family

ID=3847573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US476833A Expired - Lifetime US3368016A (en) 1965-05-21 1965-08-03 Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3368016A (fr)
BE (2) BE664243A (fr)
ES (1) ES317020A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL25157A (fr)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4516876A (en) * 1983-01-10 1985-05-14 Wicks Harry O Precast concrete expansion joint for roads and the like
US4856173A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-08-15 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Method of the formation of slide surfaces on a track for electromagnetically levitated vehicles
WO1990007410A1 (fr) * 1988-12-27 1990-07-12 Varitech Industries, Inc. Procede pour enrober une ancre de mise en tension d'un element de precontrainte
US5072558A (en) * 1988-04-21 1991-12-17 Varitech Industries, Inc. Post-tension anchor system
US5115622A (en) * 1989-12-23 1992-05-26 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Method of reinforcing structural components
US5152112A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-10-06 Iota Construction Ltd. Composite girder construction and method of making same
ES2048047A2 (es) * 1991-09-05 1994-03-01 In Tec Impulsor Sa Procedimiento para la rehabilitacion de forjados deteriorados.
US5479748A (en) * 1992-01-07 1996-01-02 Siller; Jose L. Friction connector for anchoring reinforcement tendons in reinforced or pre-stressed concrete girders
US5617685A (en) * 1992-04-06 1997-04-08 Eidgenoessische Materialpruefungs- Und Forschungsanstalt Empa Method and apparatus for increasing the shear strength of a construction structure
US6054197A (en) * 1997-09-19 2000-04-25 State University Of New York At Albany Structural elements
US6385940B1 (en) * 1997-09-24 2002-05-14 Leonhardt, Andra Und Partner Beratende Ingenieure Gmbh Method and apparatus for strengthening/restoring a reinforced/prestressed concrete structure
US20040187411A1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2004-09-30 Clegg James D. Concrete construction log
US6811861B2 (en) 2000-11-28 2004-11-02 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Structural reinforcement using composite strips
US20050252116A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2005-11-17 Markus Maier Tensioning device for strip-shaped tension members
US7107730B2 (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-09-19 Jae-Man Park PSSC complex girder
US7213379B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2007-05-08 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20070289234A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2007-12-20 Barry Carlson Composite decking material and methods associated with the same
US20080295453A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2008-12-04 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20090075031A1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-19 Carlson Barry L Structural member
US20090094929A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2009-04-16 Carlson Barry L Reinforced structural member and frame structures
US20110030307A1 (en) * 2009-08-10 2011-02-10 Caterpillar Inc. Concrete bar slag container
US20120000153A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Urban Frame Engineering, Inc. Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction
CN102704698A (zh) * 2012-05-04 2012-10-03 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构
RU2476655C2 (ru) * 2010-07-13 2013-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СГУПС) Способ усиления железобетонных элементов и их сопряжений
US20190257081A1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-22 Scott Edward Heatly Precast modular structural building system and method
US11078660B2 (en) * 2018-08-13 2021-08-03 Blach Construction Company Prefabricated building system and methods
US11286665B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2022-03-29 Blach Construction Company Roof panel system
US11441314B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2022-09-13 Blach Construction Company Wall connection system
US20220356703A1 (en) * 2020-01-09 2022-11-10 Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc Refined prestressed concrete elements

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE431241B (sv) * 1980-03-04 1984-01-23 Vm Permaban Ab Anordning for att legga golv av betong

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US947514A (en) * 1908-10-19 1910-01-25 Frank W Stevens Concrete floor construction.
US1243000A (en) * 1916-03-04 1917-10-16 Gertrude F Stewart Composite beam.
US2435998A (en) * 1943-03-31 1948-02-17 Porete Mfg Company Composite prestressed concrete beam and slab structure
US2587724A (en) * 1945-09-10 1952-03-04 Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust Precast reinforced concrete unit
CA559136A (fr) * 1951-05-03 1958-06-24 W. Abeles Paul Pieces de structure
US2844024A (en) * 1954-10-21 1958-07-22 Mcdonald James Leonard Combination preformed and cast-in-situ reinforced flooring structure
US2902721A (en) * 1955-08-08 1959-09-08 Gen Refractories Co Process of molding refractory brick
US3252215A (en) * 1961-12-06 1966-05-24 Dow Chemical Co Method of coating a magnesium metal article

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US947514A (en) * 1908-10-19 1910-01-25 Frank W Stevens Concrete floor construction.
US1243000A (en) * 1916-03-04 1917-10-16 Gertrude F Stewart Composite beam.
US2435998A (en) * 1943-03-31 1948-02-17 Porete Mfg Company Composite prestressed concrete beam and slab structure
US2587724A (en) * 1945-09-10 1952-03-04 Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust Precast reinforced concrete unit
CA559136A (fr) * 1951-05-03 1958-06-24 W. Abeles Paul Pieces de structure
US2844024A (en) * 1954-10-21 1958-07-22 Mcdonald James Leonard Combination preformed and cast-in-situ reinforced flooring structure
US2902721A (en) * 1955-08-08 1959-09-08 Gen Refractories Co Process of molding refractory brick
US3252215A (en) * 1961-12-06 1966-05-24 Dow Chemical Co Method of coating a magnesium metal article

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4516876A (en) * 1983-01-10 1985-05-14 Wicks Harry O Precast concrete expansion joint for roads and the like
US4856173A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-08-15 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Method of the formation of slide surfaces on a track for electromagnetically levitated vehicles
US5072558A (en) * 1988-04-21 1991-12-17 Varitech Industries, Inc. Post-tension anchor system
WO1990007410A1 (fr) * 1988-12-27 1990-07-12 Varitech Industries, Inc. Procede pour enrober une ancre de mise en tension d'un element de precontrainte
US5115622A (en) * 1989-12-23 1992-05-26 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Method of reinforcing structural components
US5152112A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-10-06 Iota Construction Ltd. Composite girder construction and method of making same
ES2048047A2 (es) * 1991-09-05 1994-03-01 In Tec Impulsor Sa Procedimiento para la rehabilitacion de forjados deteriorados.
US5479748A (en) * 1992-01-07 1996-01-02 Siller; Jose L. Friction connector for anchoring reinforcement tendons in reinforced or pre-stressed concrete girders
US5617685A (en) * 1992-04-06 1997-04-08 Eidgenoessische Materialpruefungs- Und Forschungsanstalt Empa Method and apparatus for increasing the shear strength of a construction structure
US6054197A (en) * 1997-09-19 2000-04-25 State University Of New York At Albany Structural elements
US6385940B1 (en) * 1997-09-24 2002-05-14 Leonhardt, Andra Und Partner Beratende Ingenieure Gmbh Method and apparatus for strengthening/restoring a reinforced/prestressed concrete structure
US6811861B2 (en) 2000-11-28 2004-11-02 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Structural reinforcement using composite strips
US7107730B2 (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-09-19 Jae-Man Park PSSC complex girder
US20050252116A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2005-11-17 Markus Maier Tensioning device for strip-shaped tension members
US20040187411A1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2004-09-30 Clegg James D. Concrete construction log
US7721496B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2010-05-25 Tac Technologies, Llc Composite decking material and methods associated with the same
US7213379B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2007-05-08 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20070193199A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2007-08-23 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20070289234A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2007-12-20 Barry Carlson Composite decking material and methods associated with the same
US20080295453A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2008-12-04 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20070193212A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2007-08-23 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US20090094929A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2009-04-16 Carlson Barry L Reinforced structural member and frame structures
US8266856B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2012-09-18 Tac Technologies, Llc Reinforced structural member and frame structures
US7882679B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2011-02-08 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US8938882B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2015-01-27 Tac Technologies, Llc Reinforced structural member and frame structures
US7930866B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2011-04-26 Tac Technologies, Llc Engineered structural members and methods for constructing same
US8438808B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2013-05-14 Tac Technologies, Llc Reinforced structural member and frame structures
US8065848B2 (en) 2007-09-18 2011-11-29 Tac Technologies, Llc Structural member
US20090075031A1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-19 Carlson Barry L Structural member
US20110030307A1 (en) * 2009-08-10 2011-02-10 Caterpillar Inc. Concrete bar slag container
US8240096B2 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-08-14 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction
US20120000153A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Urban Frame Engineering, Inc. Bracket structure for increasing load-carrying capacity of concrete structure and enabling easy construction
RU2476655C2 (ru) * 2010-07-13 2013-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СГУПС) Способ усиления железобетонных элементов и их сопряжений
CN102704698A (zh) * 2012-05-04 2012-10-03 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构
CN102704698B (zh) * 2012-05-04 2015-10-28 南京盛圆土木工程高科技有限公司 一种全预应力复合一体化加固钢筋混凝土结构
US11441314B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2022-09-13 Blach Construction Company Wall connection system
US11286665B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2022-03-29 Blach Construction Company Roof panel system
US20190257081A1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-22 Scott Edward Heatly Precast modular structural building system and method
US10550565B2 (en) * 2018-02-21 2020-02-04 Scott Edward Heatly Precast modular structural building system and method
US20200131754A1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2020-04-30 Scott Edward Heatly Precast modular structural building method
US11306473B2 (en) * 2018-02-21 2022-04-19 Scott Edward Heatly Precast modular structural building method
US11078660B2 (en) * 2018-08-13 2021-08-03 Blach Construction Company Prefabricated building system and methods
US11821198B2 (en) 2018-08-13 2023-11-21 Blach Construction Company Prefabricated building system and methods
US20220356703A1 (en) * 2020-01-09 2022-11-10 Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc Refined prestressed concrete elements
US11773589B2 (en) * 2020-01-09 2023-10-03 Advanced Bridge Construction Technologies, Inc Refined prestressed concrete elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE664243A (fr) 1965-09-16
BE789655R (fr) 1973-04-04
ES317020A1 (es) 1965-12-01
IL25157A (en) 1970-02-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3368016A (en) Process of manufacturing composite and prestressed steelconcrete beams
Paramasivam et al. Strengthening of RC beams with ferrocement laminates
US2371882A (en) Tensioning and anchoring of cables in concrete or similar structures
Mattock Cyclic shear transfer and type of interface
Mohamad et al. Interface shear strength of concrete-to-concrete bond with and without projecting steel reinforcement
US2016616A (en) Reenforced concrete structure
US2859504A (en) Process of making prestressed concrete structures
US2455153A (en) Composite structural member
JP5920774B2 (ja) 新旧コンクリートの接合方法及び接合構造
US3255558A (en) Methods of and means for prestressing concrete
US2962839A (en) Precast concrete beam
Huo Experimental and analytical study of the shear transfer in composite shallow cellular floor beams
Tani et al. Ultimate strip strength of perfobond strip with small hole confined by concrete cover
Waweru et al. Strength of interface shear reinforcement with limited development length
Burnet Analysis of composite steel and concrete flexural members that exhibit partial shear connection
JPH0426483Y2 (fr)
Ong et al. Shear-bond capacity of composite slabs made with profiled sheeting
US3327028A (en) Method of making composite metal and concrete structures
RU2170312C1 (ru) Способ изготовления предварительно напряженной железобетонной балки
DE2710011A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von spannbetonkonstruktionen mit nachtraeglichem verbund
Bridge et al. Innovations in composite slabs incorporating profiled steel sheeting
GB740121A (en) Composite structures of concrete and steel, and, in particular, flexed structures
Tohidi et al. An improved tie force method for progressive collapse resistance of precast concrete cross wall structures
JPS5927819B2 (ja) アンボンドプレストレストコンクリ−ト工法
Mal’tsov et al. Rational reinforcement of slab reinforced concrete for structures for hydraulic installations