US3334482A - Mercerized elastic yarn and method of forming the same - Google Patents

Description

J- M. NEEL Aug. 8, 1967 MERCERIZED ELASTIC YARN AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME Filed April 9, 1965 ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofilice 3,334,482 Patented Aug. 8, 1967 3,334,482 MERCERIZED ELASTIC YARN AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME Joseph M. Neel, Burlington, N.C., assignor to Sellers Manufacturing Company, Inc., Saxapahaw, N.C., a corporation of North Carolina Filed Apr. 9, 1965, Ser. No. 447,011 14 Claims. (Cl. 57-152) This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 393,592, filed Sept. 1, 1964, and this invention relates to composite elastic yarns, and more particularly to elastic yarns having the general appearance of conventional inelastic, two ply mercerized (Durene-type) yarns particularly suitable for general knitting purposes.

Elastic yarns having the general appearance of inelastic yarns are generally known in the art and have become increasingly popular with the advent of spandex yarns. For example, as I have pointed out in my said co-pending application, such yarns can 'be produced by core spinning, where one or more rovings of textile are fed through the drafting zone of a spinning frame and spun around an end of continuous filament elastic material, such as spandex; or by covering an end of continuous filament elastic material with closely-spaced helical windings of one or more ends of spun yarn; or by plying an end of spandex with two ends of spun yarn as disclosed in my said copending application.

In addition to the general deficiencies of these prior methods as pointed out in my said co-pending application, such prior methods (as well as the method disclosed in my said co-pending application) do not lend themselves to the formation of a composite elastic knitting yarn having the appearance of and employing mercerized cotton. The reason for this stems from two factorsfirst, spandex fiber is subject to severe degradation by the caustic treatment necessary for mercerization, and second, the yarn tensions used in the mercerizing process manifestly exclude the finer counts cotton yarns. Thus, all of the composite yarns of the prior art (and those of my said copending application) would be destroyed by being subjected to a mercerizing treatment. Similarly, none of such composite yarns suitable for knitting purposes could be formed by mercerizing the cotton prior to combining it with the spandexthe rovings used in core spinning could not be. mercerized because the tension necessary in the mercerizing process would destroy the fragile roving; nor,

could the fine counts, fragile yarns suitable for covering (or plying in accordance with my said co-pending application) be mercerized for the same reason. The use of heavier count cotton yarns to avoid the latter difliculty is not the solution, since the resulting composite yarn would then be too coarse for general knitting purposes.

Durene is a registered trademark of the Durene Association of America and two-ply mercerized cotton yarns bearing this trademark are widely sold to the knitting industry, particularly for use in half-hose. As used herein, Durene-type yarn refers to a two-ply, mercerized, combed peeler cotton yarn of a size within the range of about 20/2 to 60/ 2 cotton counts (840 yards per pound) which is the suitable range for half-hose knitting yarns. In producing such yarns, two individual ends of the cotton yarn each of a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton counts and having been spun in the same direction utilizing a twist multiplier within the range of about 3.20 to 3.50 are plied together in the opposite direction utilizing a ply twist multiplier within the range of about 3.00 to 3.25 to form a two-ply yarn. Such twoply yarn is then mercerized under tension in about a 28% caustic solution at room temperature with the result that the tensile strength and sheen of the increased.

In accordance with the instant invention, I have found that a composite elastic yarn having the appearance of a conventional inelastic mercerized, two-ply cotton yarn can be produced by plying with a Durene-type cotton yarn an end of elongated, continuous filament spandex of a comparatively much smaller size in a direction opposite the direction of ply twist in such cotton yarn. The resulting composite yarn when in relaxed condition is characterized by the formation of random loops of cotton and spandex yarn. On the other hand, however, when the yarn is stretched to substantially its elastic limit, the yarn assumes the appearance of the two-ply cotton yarn. Moreover, although it would be logically expected that such composite yarn would have less tensile strength than the original two-ply cotton yarn (due to the fact that the final plying steps must necessarily remove some of the ply twist previously existing in the two-ply cotton yarn), such is not the case. Rather, I have found that the tensile strength of the composite yarn is not significantly different from that of the original mercerized two-ply cotton yarn.

Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a composite elastic yarn suitable for use in producing stretchable fabrics and garments, such as halfhose, and having the general appearance of a conventional, inelastic, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition.

It is another object of the invention to provide a method of producing a composite elastic yarn having the general appearance and strength characteristics of a mercerized cotton yarn.

It is a more specific object of this invention to provide a composite elastic yarn having the general appearance of a mercerized two-ply cotton yarn of a size within the range of about 20/2 to 60/2 cotton counts when in sub stantially fully stretched condition and by the formation of random loops of yarn when in relaxed condition.

It is still another object of this invention to produce a composite elastic yarn employing mercerized cotton and spandex.

Some of the objects of the invention having been stated, other objects will appear as the description proceeds when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- FIGURE 1 is a somewhat schematic illustration of a yarn twisting apparatus showing the manner in which the present composite elastic yarn is formed;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the area generally within the dotted circle in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary elevational view of a small segment of the composite elastic yarn of the invention in substantially fully stretched condition;

FIGURE 4 is a view similar to FIGURE 3, but illustrating the composite yarn relaxed about 30% from its substantially fully stretched condition; and

FIGURE 5 is a view similar to FIGURE 4, but illustrating the composite yarn fully relaxed.

As previously stated, the present invention contemplates the use of a Durene-type yarn formed by plying together two individual ends of combed peeler cotton yarn, each of a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton counts and having been spun in a common direction utilizyarn is substantially ing a twist multiplier within the range of about 3.20 to- 3.50. Such ends are plied in a direction opposite said being characterized 3 increase the strength and luster of the yarn. The thus mercerized two-ply yarn is then washed, dried and wound onto packages in accordance with well known conventional procedures.

In the figures, the numeral 10 is used to broadly designate such a Durene-type yarn with the letters C and C being used to designate respectively the two single cotton yarn ends which make up the Durene-type yarn 10. For purposes of illustration, the two-ply yarn 10 is shown with an S or right ply twist, and thus, the respective singles ends C and C are spun in the Z or left direction. Of course, the respective twist directions could be reversed, if desired.

As shown in FIGURE 1, which schematically illustrates a ring twister, the composite yarn of the present invention is formed by withdrawing the Durene-type yarn 10 from a supply bobbin 11 and merging such yarn with an end of spandex 12 at a guide 13. Such spandex 12 is contained on a supply bobbin 14 and is preferably of a size within the range of 40 to 140 denier. From guide 13 the respective merged ends 10 and 12 are passed into a feeding device broadly indicated at 15 and comprising a feed roll 16 cradled between parallel drive shafts 17 and 18. Since the composite yarn of this invention contains an inelastic component (the Durene-type yarn), it is necessary for the spandex 12 to be elongated or stretched prior to ply twisting. To this end, the spandex supply package 14 is supported on driven parallel feed shafts 20 and 21 much in the same way that the feed roll 16 is supported in the cradle formed by the driven parallel shafts 17 and 18. Thus, to stretch the spandex, the shafts 17, 18 are driven at a greater speed than the shafts 20, 21. The amount of stretch or elongation placed upon the spandex end 12 by this differential in shaft speeds will vary with the type of spandex employed, its denier and the amount of stretch desired in the final composite elastic yarn. Thus, in view of these variables, I prefer to determine the desired amount of stretch in terms of the inherent stretch capacity of the particular spandex being used and preferably stretch the spandex to about 80% to 85% of such capacity. Thus, for example, if a particular spandex end possessed an inherent stretch capacity of 400%, I would preferably set up the speed differential between driven rolls 17, 18 and 20, 21 so that the spandex end would be stretched about 320% to 330% of its relaxed length.

From the feeding device 15, the merged stretched spandex end 12 and Durene-type yarn end 10 pass downwardly and through a ring traveler 22 and onto a rotating take-up bobbin or package 23 so that ply twist is applied to the merged yarns between the take-up package 23 and the nip formed by the engagement of feed roll 15 and shaft 17 to thus form the composite elastic yarn of the invention.

The rotational speed of the take-up bobbin 23 can be varied, relative to the rate of feed of the feed roll 16 so that the desired amount of ply twist may be applied to the composite yarn. Preferably, the number of turns per unit length of ply twist should be about 40% of the number of turns per unit length of ply twist originally placed in the Durene-type yarn 10. Thus, for example, if 13 turns per inch ply twist are used in forming the Dunnetype yarn 10, then about turns per inch of ply twist should be used in this final ply twisting operation.

The direction of rotation of the take-up bobbin 23 determines the direction of such ply twist and such ply twist direction should be opposite from the direction of ply twist contained in the Durene-type yarn 10. Thus, when the ply twist in the yarn is in the S direction (as shown in the drawings), the rotation of the take-up bobbin 23 should be such as to impart a ply twist in the Z direction to the composite yarn, and vice versa.

The composite elastic yarn thus formed in accordance with the foregoing is shown in various stages of elongation in FIGURES 3-5. FIGURE 3 illustrates such yarn in substantially fully stretched condition with the stretch of the spandex component 12 being limited from further stretching by the inelastic cotton yarn component 10. In this form the spandex is stretched to substantially the same degree as it was during the plying operationi.e., to about to of its inherent stretch capacity. As shown, the respective component yarns 10 and 12 are nested close together, and due to the relatively much greater size of the Durene-type yarn component 10, the composite yarn assumes the general appearance of a conventional Durene-type yarn. This phenomenon becomes more apparent with the following illustration: assume the spandex end 12 is 40 denier and the Durenetype yarn end is 20/2. Assume further that the particular spandex end has an inherent stretch capacity of 400%. Then, under the foregoing circumstances, when the composite elastic yarn formed of these components is substantially fully stretched, the spandex end is drafted about 320% (80%of its inherent stretch capacity) with its size being proportionally reduced to less than 13 denier. In comparison to this size of 13 denier, the 20/2 cotton yarn 10 is equivalent to about 532 denier, or over 40 times as large.

FIGURE 4 illustrates the composite elastic yarn of the invention relaxed about 30% from its fully stretched condition. Here, it can be seen that the spandex component 12 remains straight as it increases in size about 30% from its fully drafted state shown in FIGURE 3. The Durene-type yarn component 10, however, being non-stretchable, begins to move outwardly from the spandex component 12 and form itself into randomly dispersed loops.

FIGURE 5 illustrates the composite elastic yarn of the invention in fully relaxed condition. Here, such full relaxation now causes the spandex component to lose its straight line configuration and assume a random loop configuration while also causing the Durene-type yarn component 10 to assume a further pronounced random loop configuration from that shown in FIGURE 4.

With regard to the strength properties of the composite elastic yarns of the invention, it is to be noted that the final ply twisting step of the Durene-type yarn component 10 with the spandex component 12 is performed in a direction opposite the direction of ply twist previously placed in the Durene-type yarn component 10. Necessarily, therefore, some of this original ply twist of this component is going to be removed in the final ply twisting operation of the composite yarn. This reduction in ply twist in the Durene-type component 10 is illustrated schematically in FIGURE 2 wherein the amount of twist in the Durene-type component 10 is greater before entering the feeding device 15 than it is after leaving the same.

Under the foregoing circumstances, it would normally be expected that this reduction in twist of the Durenetype component 10 would be reflected in a reduction in strength of the composite elastic yarn. Such is not the case, however. Instead, it has been found that such composite yarn possesses substantially the same strength characteristics as those of the Durene-type yarn 10 prior to combining it with the spandex.

The composite elastic yarns of this invention have varied applications and possess, among others, the same general advantages of the yarns of my said co-pending application. For example, in higher modulus ranges, they have proved excellent in forming mens support socks which have the general appearance and counter appeal of conventional socks made from Durene-type yarns, but which have support characteristics of much heavier rubber containing support socks. Additionally, such higher modulus composite yarns can be incorporated in spaced courses of a sock to produce a so-called stretch sock adapted to fit a wide range of foot sizes. Similarly, such yarns with lower moduli can be used entirely to form such stretch socks.

It is thus seen that I have provided a unique composite elastic yarn and method of forming the same, which method overcomes the hurdles present in the prior art in forming satisfactory spandex-mercerized cotton elastic yarns and which yarn product possesses many desirable characteristics in an elastic yarn which were heretofore unobtainable.

In the drawings and specification there have been set forth preferred embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being defined in the claims.

I claim:

1. A composite yarn characterized by being elastic and having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional inelastic mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized conventional mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said composite yarn comprising:

(a) a mercerized two-ply cotton yarn formed from two single yarn ends individually twisted in a common first direction and plied in a second direction opposite said first direction, and

(b) one end of continuous filament spandex plied with said two-ply yarn in said first direction and imparting elasticity to the composite yarn, said spandex end being substantially hidden by said two-ply mercerized cotton yarn when the composite yarn is stretched substantially to its elastic limit so that the composite yarn has the appearance and predominate characteristics of said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, and contraction of said spandex end causing the formation of said random loops in said mercerized twoply cotton yarn when the composite yarn is relaxed.

2. A composite yarn according to claim 1 wherein said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn limits the stretchability of said spandex end to a maximum of about 80% to 85% of its inherent stretch capacity.

3. A composite yarn according to claim 1 wherein said spandex end is plied with said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn with a number of turns per unit length equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together said two single yarn ends.

4. A composite yarn according to claim 1 wherein said single yarn ends are of a size within the range of about 20/ 1 to 60/1 cotton counts.

5. A composite yarn characterized by being elastic and having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional inelastic mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized conventional mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said composite yarn comprising:

(a) a mercerized two-ply cotton yarn formed from ,tWO single yarn ends individually twisted in a common first direction with a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.20 to 3.50 and plied in a second direction opposite said first direction with a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.00 to 3.25, and

(b) one end of continuous filament spandex plied with said two-ply yarn in said first direction with a number of turns per unit length equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together said two single yarn ends, said spandex end imparting elasticity to the composite yarn and being substantially hidden by said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when the composite yarn is stretched substantially to its elastic limit so that the composite yarn has the appearance and predominate characteristics of said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, and contraction of said spandex end causing the formation of said random loops in said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when the composite yarn is relaxed.

6. A composite yarn according to claim 5 wherein said single yarn ends are of a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton counts and said spandex end is of a size within the range of about 40 to 140 denier.

7. A composite yarn characterized by being elastic and having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional inelastic mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized conventional mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said composite yarn comprising:

(a) a mercerized two-ply cotton yarn formed from two single yarn ends individually twisted in a common first direction with a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.20 to 3.50 and plied in a second direction opposite said first direction with a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.00 to 3.25,. said single yarn ends being of a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton count, and

(b) one end of continuous filament spandex piled with said two-ply yarn in said first direction with a number of turns per unit length equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together said two single yarn ends, said spandex being of a size within the range of about 40 to 140 denier and imparting elasticity to the composite yarn, said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn limiting the stretchability of said end of spandex to a maximum of about '80 to 85% of its inherent stretch capacity, said spandex end being substantially hidden by said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when the composite yarn is stretched substantially to its elastic limit so that the composite yarn has theappearance and predominate characteristics of said mercerized twoply cotton yarn, and contraction of said spandex end causing the formation of said random loops in said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when the composite yarn is relaxed.

8. A method of forming a composite elastic yarn characterized by having randomly extending; loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional, inelastic, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized, conventional, mercerized twoply cotton yarn, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) spinning singles cottong yarn with a twist in a first direction,

(b) plying together two ends of the singles cotton yarn in a second direction opposite said first direction to form a two-ply cotton yarn,

(c) mercerizin-g under tension the two-ply cotton yarn to increase its sheen and strength, and thereafter (d) plying with the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn in said first direction an end of elongated, continuous filament spandex to form the composite elastic yarn.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the spandex is elongated to about to of its inherent stretch capacity during plying with the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn.

10. A method according to claim 8 wherein the spandex is plied with said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn using a number of turns per unit length equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together the two ends of the singles cotton yarn.

11. A method of forming a composite elastic yarn characterized by having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional, inelastic, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized,

' conventional, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) spinning singles cotton yarn with twist in a first direction and a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton counts,

(b) plying together two ends of the singles cotton yarn in a second direction opposite said first direction to form a two-ply cotton yarn,

(c) mercerizing under tension the two-ply cotton yarn to increase its sheen and strength, and thereafter (d) plying with the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn in said first direction an end of continuous filament spandex while elongating the spandex to about 80 to 85% of its inherent stretch capacity to form the composite elastic yarn, the number of turns per unit length utilized in plying the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn with the spandex being equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together the two ends of singles cotton yarn.

12. A method of forming a composite elastic yarn characterized by having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional, inelastic, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized, conventional, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) spinning singles cotton yarn with a twist in a first direction using a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.20 to 3.50, said singles yarn having a size within the range of about 20/1 to 60/1 cotton counts,

(b) plying together two ends of the singles cotton yarn in a second direction opposite said first direction using a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.00 to 3.25 to form a two-ply cotton yarn,

(c) mercerizing under tension the two-ply cotton yarn to increase its sheen and strength, and thereafter ((1) plying with the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn in said first direction an end of elongated, continuous filament spandex to form the composite elastic yarn.

13. A method according to claim 10 wherein the spandex is plied with said mercerized two-ply cotton yarn using a number of turns per unit length equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together the two ends of the singles cotton yarn.

14. A method of forming a composite elastic yarn characterized by having randomly extending loops when in relaxed condition and having the appearance of a conventional, inelastic, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn when in substantially fully stretched condition, and, when stretched to its elastic limit, having substantially the same strength characteristics as those of a comparably sized, conventional, mercerized two-ply cotton yarn, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) spinning singles cotton yarn with a twist in a first direction using a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.20 to 3.50, said singles yarn having a size within the range of about 20/1 to 1 cotton counts,

(b) plying together two ends of the singles cotton yarn in a second direction opposite said first direction using a twist multiplier in the range of about 3.00 to 3.25 to form a two-ply cotton yarn,

(c) mercerizing under tension the two-ply cotton yarn to increase its sheen and strength, and thereafter (d) plying with the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn in said first direction an end of continuous filament spandex while elongating the spandex to about to of its inherent stretch capacity to form the composite elastic yarn, the number of turns per unit length utilized in plying the mercerized two-ply cotton yarn with the spandex being equal to about 40% of the number of turns per unit length used in plying together the two ends of singles cotton y-arn.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,076,273 4/1937 Harris 57-152 2,263,614 11/1941 Cote 5716=3 3,009,311 11/1961 Wang 57152 3,038,295 6/1962 Humphreys 57152 3,234,724 2/1966 Storti 57152 FRANK J. COHEN, Primary Examiner.

J. PETRAKES, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (2)

1. A COMPOSITE YARN CHARACTERIZED BY BEING ELASTIC AND HAVING RANDOMLY EXTENDING LOOPS WHEN IN RELAXED CONDITION AND HAVING THE APPEARANCE OF A CONVENTIONAL INELASTIC MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN WHEN IN SUBSTANTIALLY FULLY STRETCHED CONDITION, AND, WHEN STRETCHED TO ITS ELASTIC LIMIT, HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS AS THOSE OF A COMPARABLY SIZED CONVENTIONAL MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN, SAID COMPOSITE YARN COMPRISING: (A) A MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN FORMED FROM TWO SINGLE YARN ENDS INDIVIDUALLY TWISTED IN A COMMON FIRST DIRECTION AND PLIED IN A SECOND DIRECTION OPPOSITE SAID FIRST DIRECTION, AND (B) ONE END OF CONTINUOUS FILAMENT SPANDEX PLIED WITH SAID TWO-PLY YARN IN SAID FIRST DIRECTION AND IMPARTING ELASTICITY TO THE COMPOSITE YARN, SAID SPANDEX END BEING SUBSTANTIALLY HIDDEN BY SAID TWO-PLY MERCERIZED COTTON YARN WHEN THE COMPOSITE YARN IS STRETCHED SUBSTANTIALLY TO ITS ELASTIC LIMIT SO THAT THE COMPOSITE YARN HAS THE APPEARANCE AND PREDOMINATE CHARACTERISTICS OF SAID MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN, AND CONTRACTION OF SAID SPANDEX END CAUSING THE FORMATION OF SAID RANDOM LOOPS IN SAID MERCERIZED TWOPLY COTTON YARN WHEN THE COMPOSITE YARN IS RELAXED.

8. A METHOD OF FORMING A COMPOSITE ELASTIC YARN CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING RANDOMLY EXTENDING LOOPS WHEN IN RELAXED CONDITION AND HAVING THE APPERANCE OF A CONVENTIONAL, INELASTIC, MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN WHEN IN SUBSTANTIALLY FULLY STRETCHED CONDITION, AND, WHEN STRETCHED TO ITS ELASTIC LIMIT, HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS AS THOSE OF A COMPARABLY SIZED, CONVENTIONAL, MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: (A) SPINNING SINGLES COTTON YARN WITH A TWIST IN A FIRST DIRECTION, (B) PLYING TOGETHER TWO ENDS OF THE SINGLES COTTON YARN IN A SECOND DIRECTION OPPOSITE SAID FIRST DIRECTION TO FORM A TWO-PLY COTTON YARN, (C) MERCERIZING UNDER TENSION THE TWO-PLY COTTON YARN TO INCREASE ITS SHEEN AND STRENGTH, AND THEREAFTER (D) PLYING WITH THE MERCERIZED TWO-PLY COTTON YARN IN SAID FIRST DIRECTION AN END OF ELONGATED, CONTINUOUS FILAMENT SPANDEX TO FORM THE COMPOSITE ELASTIC YARN.

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