US3326022A - Apparatus for the continuous dyeing of textile fiber materials with a dye liquor - Google Patents

Apparatus for the continuous dyeing of textile fiber materials with a dye liquor Download PDF

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US3326022A
US3326022A US492725A US49272565A US3326022A US 3326022 A US3326022 A US 3326022A US 492725 A US492725 A US 492725A US 49272565 A US49272565 A US 49272565A US 3326022 A US3326022 A US 3326022A
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chamber
duct
slubbing
steam
fixing
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Schio Leo Drago
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ILMA IND LAVORAZIONI METALLI A
ILMA INDUSTRIA LAVORAZIONI METALLI ANTIACIDI Sas
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ILMA IND LAVORAZIONI METALLI A
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/14—Wool
    • D06P3/16—Wool using acid dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B17/00—Storing of textile materials in association with the treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D06B17/02—Storing of textile materials in association with the treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours in superimposed, i.e. stack-packed, form; J-boxes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
    • D06B19/0005—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials
    • D06B19/0029—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by steam
    • D06B19/0035—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by steam the textile material passing through a chamber
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/14—Wool
    • D06P3/148—Wool using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/14—Wool
    • D06P3/20—Wool using mordant dyes using metallisable dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
    • D06P3/245—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using metallisable or mordant dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/62—Natural or regenerated cellulose using direct dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/76—Material containing nitrile groups using basic dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P7/00—Dyeing or printing processes combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D06B15/02—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours by squeezing rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and process for the continuous wet-treatment and especially the dyeing of textile fiber materials such as wool and similar fibers with a dye liquor.
  • the invention relates to the continuous dyeing of polyamide and acrylic fiber materials in the form of slubbings (or tops).
  • slubbings there is meant any product known in the spinning and weaving art as slubbings or tops, card slivers, spun ribbons, woven fabrics or the like.
  • This expression also comprises tow. Wherever slubbing is treated according to the process and in the apparatus of this invention, tow can be treated equally in lieu of slubbing.
  • the lower portion of the substantially J-shaped longitudinal section extends with the longer straight portion of the J downwardly from the upper section, the longer straight portion being preferably from about 8 to 12 times as long as the upper section of the J-tube is high, while the shorter portion of the J extends upwardly at an angle from the lowermost zone of the I, which angle is about 30 to 70, depending on the ratio of the length of said lower portion to that of the said longer straight portion.
  • this known apparatus comprises means for withdrawing the fixed dyed slubbings from the open exit of the lower section of said J-tube.
  • the J-tube is provided with a feed opening adapted for admitting the still unfixed dyed slubbings from the padding device exclusively under their own weight into the interior of the ]-tube, devices for introducing fresh steam in jet form directly into the upper portion of the J-tube, into direct contact with the slubbings introduced thereinto, while preventing the steam in jet form from impinging directly on the slubbings and preventing water particles carried by the steam from coming into contact with the slubbings.
  • Another drawback resides in a certain lack of control of the relative conditions prevailing in the upper section serving as steam-room and the subsequent lower section of the J-tube.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for the continuous dyeing and steaming of pad-dyed slubbing or tow, e.g., of polyamide fibers such as wool or nylon or of acrylic fibers, whereby dyed and fixed slubbings of unobjectionable quality are obtained, the dyeing being fully fixed and perfectly even over the whole length as well as the entire cross section of each slubbing or tow.
  • pad-dyed slubbing or tow e.g., of polyamide fibers such as wool or nylon or of acrylic fibers
  • the residual pad-liquor on the slubbing spreads throughout the fibrous structure of the latter to attain a uniform distribution thereon and to penetrate to a suflicient degree into the fibers so that at the end of this treatment no further extraction of dye with water or further .migration of the liquor along the fibers in significant amounts are possible.
  • the downward movement of the material through the prefixing zone A should take place at a constant, substantially uniform rate.
  • travel rates of the slubbing range from 4 to 8 meters per minute and an atmosphere of'saturated steam of 98 tol02 C., in the.
  • zone A are recommended.
  • a treatment period of 15 to 30 minutes and an atmosphere of saturated steam of 102 to 103 C. are recommended in the fixing zone A Essentially the same applies to woolen tow.
  • a preferred apparatus for carrying out the process according to this aspect of the invention comprises, in a first type of embodiment, a padding station of known construction consisting of one or more treating baths in combination with squeezing members, and subsequently arranged a novel kind of steaming station comprising at least one vertically disposed prefixing chamber, means for feeding padded and squeezed, but still unfixed slub" bing or the like textile material from above into the prefixing chamber, heating means associated With the prefixing chamber and adapted for introducing heating fluid into the latter, deflecting duct means in free communication with the lower opening end of the prefixing chamber, conveying means arranged above the prefixing chamber to facilitate feeding of the slubbing or the like material into the latter chamber along the vertical axis of the said chamber, holding the slubbing substantially equidistant from the walls of said chamber.
  • the width of the prefixing chamber i.e., the distance of its walls from the material passing therethroughmust be suflicient to permit full blowing of the slubbing in the prefixing chamber without causing any frictional contact between slubbing and wall and to permit the formation of well-developed folds in the deflecting duct below the prefixing chamber.
  • the curvature of the deflecting duct extends through an angle, measured along the central axis of the duct, which ranges from at least 45 to not more than 90, and preferably through an angle of 60 to the radius of the curved portion-0f the central duct axis should be at least equal to twice the internal width of the prefixing chamber and preferably not exceed about threetimes that width, taken in the plane of the said curved central axis portion.
  • the curved deflecting duct opens with its lower discharge end into a second fixing chamber the longitudinal horizontal axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the prefixing chamber.
  • the length of the pre-fixing chamber ranges from about one eighth to one third of the longitudinal extension of the second fixing chamber D.
  • the portion of the upper reach of the conveyor means which extends from the lower open end of the deflecting duct to the discharge end of the upper reach where the dye-fixed slubbing is taken off the conveyor is about four to five times as long as the prefixing chamber is high.
  • two or more pairs of padding stations and steaming stations are arranged in series.
  • the length of the curved duct portion should be from about the same to not more than twice the, height of the pre-fixing chamber. Preferably it should not exceed one and a half times the length of the latter chamber.
  • FIGURES 1a and 1b taken together represent a longitudinal sectional view through a first embodiment of a steaming station forming part of the apparatus according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 represents an enlarged sectional view along line 11-11 of a portion of the apparatus section shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged detail view of the exit region of the apparatus section shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURES 4a and 4b taken together show a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • a steaming station consisting essentially of a pre-fixing chamber B and a second or main fixing chamber D.
  • pre-fixing chamber B there is arranged a couple of squeezing rollers 10. These squeezing rollers pertain to the padding station the remainder of which is not shown in these figures. Squeezing rollers serve to squeeze ofl padding liquor from the slubbing A while withdrawing the latter from the impregnation bath or baths of the padding station and conveying it to the steaming station.
  • FIGURES 4a and 412 A complete steaming station is illustrated in FIGURES 4a and 412; special conveying means interposed between the squeezing rollers and the steaming station, as they are shown in FIGURES 4a and 4b, can, of course, also be interposed between squeezing rollers 10 and the entry opening for the slubbing at the top of the steaming station shown in FIGURES la and lb.
  • Slubbing A coming from the squeezing rollers 10 or from interposed conveying means is introduced into the pre-fixing chamber B through the open top end of the latter.
  • Pre-fixing chamber B is constituted by a duct of rectangular cross-section and suitable height of about 40 to 100 and preferably about 60 to 80 centimeters.
  • the walls of duct 14 are provided throughout the entire length thereof with perforations or holes 16.
  • Duct 14 is vertically disposed and is free from any guiding or supporting members for the slubbing, so that the latter, on leaving squeezing rollers 10 can freely enter and pass unimpeded through this duct in downward direction without coming into contact with the walls of the duct.
  • Chamber D is preferably of a length of about 200 to 400 centimeters.
  • the chambers B and D are enclosed in a casing 18.
  • Duct 14 is spaced from the wall of the casing so as to provide an interspace of rectangular cross-section constituting a chamber C surrounding duct 14 on all four sides.
  • Chamber C is closed at its upper and lower end by walls and thus constitutes a collecting chamber for a heating fluid, preferably steam.
  • Casing 18 is lined with insulating material 22 and bears a dome 24 of semi-circular cross-section vaulted above the open top end of duct 14, which dome is provided with a rectangular opening 26 through which slubbing A is introduced into pre-fixing chamber B.
  • This opening is provided with inwardly inclined plates 30 which form an entry slot 28.
  • the width of the latter can be varied by means of an adjustable strip or strips 32 which is or are slidably mounted onto one or both of inclined plates 30. Thereby, the width of slot 28 can be adjusted to slubbings A of different thicknesses and forms a satisfactory closure for chamber B, whereby excessive loss of steam or the like heating fluid from that chamber to the outside can be avoided.
  • a preferably horizontally disposed duct 34 is provided in the peripheral wall of casing 18 about chamber C in the central zone of that chamber.
  • the inner wall of this duct separating it from chamber C is provided with a number of apertures 36 establishing communication between chamber C and duct 34.
  • duct 34 is connected by means of connector-socket 38 to a source of heating fluid, especially saturated steam.
  • This duct 40 is preferably about equal or slightly longer than that of duct 14.
  • the curvature of duct 40 extends through an angle of about 65, measured along the central curved axis 40a of duct 40.
  • Discharge opening 42 leads to the interior of fixing chamber D in which the final thermal treatment of the slubbing A takes place.
  • This chamber constitutes zone A
  • An endless conveyor 44 which consists of bars secured to two or more endless chains operated by transmission gears 46 is so mounted in chamber D that it passes with its upper reach directly beneath the lower rim of opening 42; the upper reach of the conveyor is adapted to move first in horizontal direction and then in slightly ascending direction toward the discharge means in front wall 82 of chamber D.
  • Conveyor 44 extends within chamber D in a substantially horizontal direction, perpendicular to the axis of duct 14, between sidewalls 47 and is adapted to carry slubbing A.
  • the ascending portion of the upper reach of conveyor 44 is designated by reference numeral and ends adjacent a conveying roller 48 which is flush with an outlet 65.
  • a couple of driving drums 50 are disposed externally of chamber D and serve to pull the completely fixed slubbing out of the steaming section.
  • Drive means (not shown) are provided to operate these drum means 50 in unison with squeezing rollers 10.
  • Conveyor gear 49 serves as drive gear and is driven from a motor equipped with a speed control device.
  • a hydraulic closing device P which acts also as a washing means for the slubbing and which provides a casing 52 (see FIGURE 3) subdivided internally thereof into partitions by tubular separating means 54, 56, 58 secured to its side walls to also constitute conveying and guiding members for the slubbing. Separating means 56 and 58 are combined with counter members 57 and 59 respectively.
  • a tube 60 which is connected through a connector 62, with a reservoir containing a suitable liquid,
  • such tube is provided along its generating line with holes 64 venting to a small basin 66 wherein said tube is disposed.
  • edge of one of the longitudinal walls of basin 66 is suitably shaped to form a weir 6'8 and such edge connects through a wall 70 with the periphery of member 57.
  • Separating means 56 and 58 form together with the bottom wall of casing 52 a first basin 72 which communicates via separating member '56 acting as a weir, with an adjacent small basin 74 provided with an overflow 76 connected to a drain pipe 78.
  • Hydraulic closing device F is provided as a separate member which is detachably secured in the outlet opening 65 of chamber D.
  • its casing 52 has flanges 80 whereby it is fastened, for example by means of screws, to the front wall 82 of chamber D.
  • a pipe coil 84 fed with steam through connector 85.
  • an overflow 86 connected with a drain pipe 88 whereby a liquid level can be maintained in the chamber to form a sump e.g. of water which covers pipe coil 84 if desired.
  • overflow 86 is also a continuation of drain pipe 78.
  • Closable drainage means 87 permit emptying of the water sump and introduction of direct steam.
  • chamber D has screens 90 extending towards the duct 40 to form together with the upper walls of said chamber an interspace to avoid dripping of condensed liquid which may form on said walls onto the slubbing on conveyor 44.
  • the side walls of chamber D are provided with inspection doors 92 to check and control the operations carried out on the slubbing in zone A
  • FIGURES 4a and 4b there is shown a complete pad dyeing apparatus comprising a padding station of known construction, a somewhat modified steaming station according to the invention and a subsequent washing station.
  • like reference numerals designate like parts as in the embodiment of FIG- URES 1a, lb and 2; however, several parts have been shown more schematically in FIGURES 4a and 4b.
  • Structural differences in the embodiment of the steaming station of FIGURES 4a and 4b are the following:
  • the duct 14 of the pre-fixing chamher B has no heating jacket, it is provided with two inlets 33 and 35 fitted with valves 33a and 35a respectively, for the direct introduction of steam into the duct 14.
  • Bafiie plates 37 placed over each steam inlet prevent jets of steam or of hot water from impinging directly on the slubbing in zone A Since there is always a possibility, in spite of the lining of insulating material 22, of condensation occurring in the duct room 14 or of water entering the same via steam inlets 33 and 35, an annular condensate collecting groove 25 equipped with a drain tube 27 is provided at the lower rim of the dome 24, about the inlet opening 26, to gather any condensate that is deposited on the inner wall of the dome.
  • the hydraulic closing device is replaced by a large conveying roll 51 which serves to convey the completely fixing slubbing to the driving drums 50 past a flexible shield 61 mounted by a hingle 63 at the upper rim of exit opening 65.
  • conveying roller 51 and flexible shield 61 cooperate to maintain the exit opening 65 sufficiently closed during the operation to prevent undue loss of steam from fixing chamber D.
  • the padding station comprises not only squeezing rollers 10 shown in FIGURES la and lb, but also a reservoir 11 for pad-liquor and feeding device through which pad liquor is released to the top side of the pair of squeezing rollers 10, as well as guide rollers 13 and a large conveying roller 12 which is located above the inlet opening 26 in the dome 24 closing the pre-fixing chamber B.
  • cer' tain liquid level determined by the fact whether drain 87 is open or closed, andwhen the latter is the case, by the position of the overflow 36, while connectors 38 and 85 are fed with steam.
  • Pipe coil 84 is provided with a number of holes 84a through which steam is let into chamber D so as to maintain therein the desired conditions of moisture, if any, and temperature.
  • a liquid preferably water, is let into the small basin 66, which liquid by overflowing along wall 70 of member 57 forms a continuous liquid sheet G ensuring-a closure between the interior'of chamber D and the outside.
  • slubbingA As it emerges from the treating bath, is advanced by squeezing rollers 10 and introduced into chamber B through slot 28.
  • SlubbingA moves downwardly under the effect of gravity alone at a suitable speed, determined by that of rollers 10, into chamber B without coming into contact with the walls thereof and without having to contact any guiding and conveying members but remaining all the time substantially equidistant from said walls.
  • the free movement of the slubbing in chamber B permits the residual treating liquor impregnating the slubbing to spread uniformly throughout the fibrous structure of the slubbing producing an even distribution of the liquor on the fibers. Slubbing A thus becomes uniformly impregnated with the treating solution, while moving through chamber B at a suitable rate of travel.
  • Flap 43 serves a double purpose, in that, firstly, it prevents development of a chimney-effect in the form of a draft from chamber D through ducts 40 and 14, and, secondly it assists in the beginning of operation with a new slubbing, in the formation of folds of equalized height, i.e. of uniform shape filling well the curved duct 40. While, in FIGURE 1, there is shown a stage of foldformation shortly after flap 43 has opened, FIGURES 4a and 4b show normal filling of duct 40 with flap 43 fully opened.
  • flap 43 or a similar mechanical device serving as zone separating means is preferred, the same end can also be achieved to a certain degree by a somewhat narrowed cross-sectional area of the discharge opening 42.
  • the weight of flap 43 or mechanical equivalents used in its place should not be too low, for it must be sufficient to cause a certain halt in thedownward movement of a newly introduced slubbing descending through duct 40; on the otherhand, it must not be too high lest the column of folds in the duct build up to such height that it reaches the lower region of chamber B, thus leading to unsatisfactory pre-fixing in that region.
  • the folds are carried onward by the 9 ascending portion 45 of the upper reach of the conveyor 44 and are lifted up onto roller 48 which straightens the folds and conveys the slubbing in which the dye has been completely fixed to device F without subjecting the same to stretching.
  • Change of the speed of conveyor 44 permits varying the form of the folds of the slubbing in zone A and also varying the time during which each fold remains inside chamber D, and consequently the desired total duration of the fixing treatment.
  • the time during which the folded slubbing remains in chambers B and D together is varied from a minimum of 3 minutes to a maximum of 45 minutes.
  • sealing effect at slot 28 prior to the introduction of slubbing A into chamber B may be obtained through suitable sealing members consisting of, for example, rollers.
  • the apparatus according to the invention avoids the drawbacks of known apparatus. For instance, the excessive height required for J-tube devices is avoided due to the fact that the curved duct 40 can be kept much shorter. On the other hand, it is surprising that complete fixation can be attained in chamber D in spite of the large empty space about the material being fixed, while the attainment of complete fixation is not surprising in the case of a column of material in a narrow J-tube which is built up to a high level.
  • Another advantage offered by the apparatus according to the invention is the facility of providing a perfectly saturated steam-atmosphere in the large chamber D, since satisfactory fixing requires fully saturated steam which is particularly difiicult to maintain with wool. Overheating can be avoided in the fixing chamber D for instance by blowing slightly overheated steam through the water sump in the bottom of that chamber. Superheating of the steam is also possible by the conventional superheating means provided in the apparatus.
  • padded slubbing which had been laid in folds as is the case in zone A in the apparatus according to the invention, could be treated on the conveyor and drawn off without producing undulating color effects.
  • Another advantage of the apparatus according to the invention resides in the fact that the width of the slubbing being treated can be much larger than is the case in the known J-tubes.
  • a further important advantage of the apparatus according to the invention lies in the avoidance of mechanical stresses on the slubbing being fixed during a stage in which it is particularly susceptible to such stresses. While, in the known J-tubes the folded material must travel with friction on the walls of the tube over a considerable length of the way, such travel with mechanical friction of the folded material is reduced to a fraction, due to the fact that the deflecting duct can be held much shorter, while during the entire treatment with steam in fixing zone A i.e. during the longer of the two fixing periods, the folded material is carried on the conveyor free from any friction or other mechanical stresses. This stress-free treatment helps to avoid undesirable felting of the folded slubbing and yields a finished material which is better spinnable than the material obtained by known steam-treatments.
  • the cleaning of the pre-fixing chamber and the deflecting duct in the apparatus according to the invention is much easier than that of the J-tube.
  • Example 1 --Wo0l slubbing, standard color depth 1 25 parts of a red dyestuff of the formula:
  • FIGURE 4 which comprises a 700 mm. high pre-fixing chamber, a curved duct section, the curvature of which describes an angle of about 60 against the vertically disposed central axis of the pre-fixing chamber,
  • the padded slubbing is introduced into the prefixing chamber at a speed of 5 meters per minute without contacting any part of the pre-fixing chamber.
  • the slubbing passes through this chamber under its own Weight during 8 seconds without touching any part of the pre-fixing chamber and is subjected therein to saturated steam having a temperature of about 98-100 whereafter the pre-steamed slubbing is laid into folds in the curved duct section.
  • the folded material advances under its own weight towards the exit of the curved portion, the 60 curvature of said portion causing the horizontal folds to be gradually tipped into a near vertical position in which they remain on the upper reach conveyor belt, being transported through the second fixing chamber, for about 20 minutes; when passing upward on the inclined upper reach portion, they are tipped lightly backward upon the succeeding folds, whereby they are easily lifted off the conveyor belt by the discharging roll.
  • the second fixing chamber is also filled with saturated steam of about 98-l00 C., While the folded goods pass therethrough.
  • the slubbing is now dyed a uniform, dark red color which shows no sandwich effect and is approximately of standard depth 1.
  • Example 2.Nyl0n slubbinglight color Example 1 is repeated, using nylon 66 slubbing in lieu of Wool slubbing, and 5 parts of the chromium dyestuft of the formula:
  • Example 1 OH H0 in lieu of the dyestuff used in Example 1.
  • the slubbing passes at a speed of 7 meters per minute through the pre-fixing zone and remains for 10 minutes in the second fixing chamber. Steam conditions in both zones are the same as in Example 1. The color depth is somewhat higher than in the case of Example 1.
  • Example 3.-W00l slubbiitg-light color Example 1 is repeated but the dyestuff used therein is replaced by 5 parts of the dyestuff of the formula F SO2CH3 OOOCI'I:
  • the wool slubbing passes at a rate of 7 meters per minute through the pre-fixing zone and is steamed for 10 minutes in the second fixing chamber. A flawless light grey dyeing is thus obtained.
  • Example 4 By repeating Example 1, but using instead of the dye assistant used therein 50 parts of a mixture of 35 parts of sodium nonylphenol-diethyleneoxy-sulfate,
  • Example 5 20 parts of chromium dyestuff of the formula:
  • Example 2 is dissolved in 400 parts of hot water. To the resulting solution are added 200 parts of aqueous 2% carob bean flour solution as thickener and 30 parts of the dye assistant used in Example 1. To the whole are added 200 parts of aqueous 10%-acetic acid and the resulting liquor is diluted to a volume of 1000 parts by the addition of water. The temperature of the liquor is raised to 45". Nylon 66 slubbing is impregnated with this solution and squeezed out to retain a 110% dye liquor absorption. Then the same steaming procedure as in Example 1 is followed. The material is Washed in the back-washing machine in a known way, and then dried.
  • Example 7 By repeating Example 6, but using instead of the dye assistant given therein, an equal amount of 35 parts of sodium nonylphenol-diethyleneoxy-sulfate,
  • Example 8 By repeating Example 6, but using instead of the dye assistant given therein an equal amount of the product obtained by condensing, at l50200, coconut oil fatty acid and diethanolamin in a molar ratio of 1:2, there are obtained similarly satisfactory level red dyeings.
  • Example 9 By repeating Example 6, but using instead of nylon 66 slubbing, nylon 66 tow, a level red dyeing is obtained on said tow.
  • the whole is diluted to a volume of 1000 parts by the addition of water.
  • the temperature of the liquor is brought to 45.
  • Polyacrylonitrile tow is impregnated with this solution and squeezed out to retain a 125% dye liquor absorption.
  • the polyacrylonitrile fibers used in this and subsequent examples have a polymerization degree of about 35,000 and contain about 46 millimol of SO H and 17 millimol of -COOH groups per 100 g. of fibers.
  • the acrylic material is moved at a travel rate of 5 meters per minute through the pre-fixing chamber of the same apparatus as used in Example 1 and then steam treated for 30 minutes in the second fixing chamber, with slightly super-heated steam of a temperature of 104- 106 being used in both treatment chambers.
  • Example 11 By repeating Example 10, but using in lieu of the dye assistant given therein an equal amount of the product obtained by condensing, at 150200, coconut oil fatty acid and diethanol amine in a molar ratio of 1:2, there is obtained an equally good blue dyeing on polyacrylonitrile tow.
  • Example 12 0.54 part of the dyestuff of the formula I CHa 0.88 part of the dyestutf of the formula CzHs ZDCh- CH2CH2OH and 2.1 parts of the dyestulf of the formula CH3 N (EH3 are mixed to a paste with parts of aqueous acetic acid in the cold, and the paste is dissolved in 500 parts of hot water.
  • Example 13 Similar results are obtained when repeating Example 12, but using in lieu of the dye assistant used in that example, the same amount of the dye assistant used in Example 11.
  • Example 14 2 parts of the dyestufi. of the formula l II N OH NH] COOH H035 NH2 SOaH H 2 parts of the dyestuif of the formula l OCHa S
  • Viscose slubbing is impregnated with this liquor, squeezed out to retain a 100% liquor absorption and then steam-treated in the apparatus which is described inExample 1.
  • the slubbing has a travel rate of 6.5 meters per minute in the pre-fixing chamber and remains in the second fixing chamber for minutes, sat urated steam of a temperature of 98100 being applied in both treatment chambers.
  • the slubbing is then treated in the back-washing machine at a speed which allows contact with a coppering bath to last for at least 15 seconds.
  • Example 18 Example 14 is repeated, but in lieu of viscose slubbing, viscose tow is dyed, with similar satisfactory results.
  • Example 19 Viscose tow is dyed by strictly following the procedure of Example 18 but using 5 parts of the dye assistant used in Example 7 in lieu of the dye assistant used in Example 1. Similar results as in Example 18 are obtained.
  • Example 20 Viscose tow is dyed by strictly following the procedure of Example 16, and goods of similar satisfactory navy blue shade are obtained.
  • Example 21 Viscose tow is dyed by strictly following the procedure of Example 17, and goods of similar satisfactory navy blue shade are obtained.
  • duct means substantially open at both ends, which duct COOH I-IOOCCHM! COOH are used and steam-treated, the goods passing at a rate of 4.5 meters per minute through the pre-fixing chamber and being steamed for minutes in the second fixing chamber; saturated steam of 98-100 is used in both chambers.
  • the procedure is the same as that used in Example 14, and'similar dyeings of navy blue shade and equally satisfactory properties are obtained as in that example.
  • Example 17 Example 16 is repeated, but 5 parts of the dye assistant used in Example 7 are used in lieu of the dye' assistant used in Example 1. Similar satisfactory results are obtained,
  • padding means are disposed beneath said padding means and comprise an upper section serving as a first fixing chamber, the longitudinal axis of which is in substantially vertical position, and
  • a second fixing chamber being associated with said duct means so that the lower open end of said duct means at the lower section thereof opens into the interior of said second fixing chamber
  • the improvement consisting of means provided at the lower open end of said lower duct section and adapted for cooperating with the slubbings or tow passing through and out of said duct means so as to lay the same into folds and at the same time, together with said slubbing or tow, fill said lower open end and thereby substantially prevent interchange of atmosphere between said duct and said second fixing chamber, while permitting passage of said slubbings or tow in folded form out of said duct means.
  • duct means of substatntially rectangular cross section, open at both ends, which duct means are disposed beneath said padding means and comprise an upper section serving as a first fixing chamber, the longitudinal axis of which is in substantially vertical position, and
  • a second fixing chamber having a receiving end and a discharge end and being associated with said duct means so that the lower open end of said duct means at the lower section thereof opens into the interior of said second fixing chamber
  • said lower section of said duct means being a curved section, the curvature of which corresponds to an angle of about 45 to 90 and the radius of the curved central axis of which is of at least twice the width of said upper section, taken in the same plane as said radius, and
  • closing means provided at the lower open end of said curved duct section and adapted for cooperating with the slubbings or tow passing through and out of said duct means so as to lay the same into folds and at the same time together with said folds, substantially fill said lower open end and thereby substantially prevent interchange of atmosphere between said duct and said fixing chamber, while permitting passage of said slubbings or tow in folded form out of said duct means.
  • duct means of substantially rectangular cross section, open at both ends, which duct means are disposed beneath said padding means and comprise an upper section serving as a first fixing chamber, the longitudinal axis of which is in substantially vertical position, and
  • a lower section having a smooth inside surface, as well as an inlet opening so located at the top of said upper section and above said lower section that a slubbing or tow issuing from said padding means and introduced through said inlet opening into said upper section is capable of entering said lower section under its own weight, free from other stresses,
  • first steam-introducing means connected to said upper section for introducing steam thereinto
  • said lower section of said duct means being a curved section, the curvature of which corresponds to an angle of about 45 to 90 and the radius of the curved central axis of which lower section is of at least twice the width of said upper section, taken in the same plane as said radius,
  • closing means provided at the lower open end of said lower duct section and adapted for cooperating with the slubbings or tow passing through said duct means so as to lay the same into folds and at the same time, together with said slubbings or tow, fill said lower open end and thereby substantially prevent interchange of atmosphere between said duct and said fixing chamber, while permitting passage of said slubbings or tow in folded form out of said duct means,
  • discharging means mounted at said discharge end of said second fixing chamber adapted for discharging dye-fixed slubbing or tow therefrom, and
  • conveyor means having an upper reach and being mounted in the interior of said fixing chamber so as to extend with said upper reach directly below the lower open end of said curved duct section and adapted to travel from the-re in horizontal direction toward said discharge end.
  • An improvement as defined in claim 3 further comprising humidity .and temperature control means associated with at least one of said first and second steam-introducing means adapted for regulating the nature of the steam atmosphere in said first and second fixing chambers, respectively, from substantial saturation to overheating.
  • An improvement as defined in claim 3 further comprising means for adjusting the rate of travel of said conveyor means from the lower open end of said curved duct section to said discharging means.
  • closing means comprise flap means hingedly mounted on the upper rim of said lower open end of said curved duct section.
  • An apparatus for the continuous padding of slubbings or tow with a dye liquor and continuous fixing of the dye on the slubbings or tow, comprising padding means
  • duct means of substantially rectangular cross section and open at both ends, which duct means are disposed beneath said padding means and comprise an upper section serving as a pre-fixing chamber, the
  • the curvature of which curved section corresponds to an angle of about 45 to 90 and the radius of the curved central duct axis of which lower section is of at least twice the width of said upper section, taken in the plane of said curved central axis, whereby slubbing or tow passing through said upper section and coming into contact with the curved wall of the lower section is laid into substantially uniform folds,
  • inlet means at said upper section so located above said lower curved section that a slubbing or tow issuing from said padding means is capable of entering said lower section via said upper section and passing therethrough into said lower section under its own weight, free from other stresses,
  • an elongated fixing chamber having a receiving end and a discharge end, and being associated with said duct means so that the lower open end of the curved section of said duct means opens into the interior of said fixing chamber near the receiving end of the latter,
  • discharging means mounted at said discharge end of said fixing chamber and adapted for discharging dyefixed slubbing or tow from said fixing chamber
  • conveyor means having an upper reach and being mounted in the interior of said fixing chamber so as to extend with said upper reach directly below the lower open end of said curved duct section and from there in horizontal direction toward said discharge end of said fixing chamber, and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US492725A 1963-07-01 1965-10-04 Apparatus for the continuous dyeing of textile fiber materials with a dye liquor Expired - Lifetime US3326022A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3529926A (en) * 1966-10-14 1970-09-22 Vepa Ag Process and apparatus for the continuous treatment of loose fibrous materials
US3632301A (en) * 1965-06-10 1972-01-04 Meier Windhorst Christian A Process and apparatus for the fixing of dyes
US3899902A (en) * 1973-05-29 1975-08-19 Fulvio Conti Plant for steaming and fixing dyes at high or low temperature on printed or dyed fabrics
US3965511A (en) * 1972-04-14 1976-06-29 Vepa Ag Process for continuous heat-setting and shrinking of synthetic fibers
US4304109A (en) * 1978-06-02 1981-12-08 Sando Iron Works, Co. Ltd. Apparatus for fixing dyes printed on a cloth by wet heat treatment
US4520637A (en) * 1983-01-10 1985-06-04 Vepa Aktiengesellschaft Steaming device arranged in front of a synthetic fiber crimping installation for heating fibers traveling past such steaming device
US20140235419A1 (en) * 2013-02-15 2014-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company System and method for making pleated filter media

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE702619A (de) * 1966-08-20 1968-02-12 Vepa Ag Procede pour le traitement au continu de matieres textiles epaisses et volumineuses
US4102640A (en) * 1974-03-29 1978-07-25 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the processing of organic textile materials
DE2635991C2 (de) * 1976-08-11 1979-11-15 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Färben von Wolle

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FR758301A (fr) * 1932-07-14 1934-01-15 Perfectionnements aux procédés de blanchiment des textiles
US2395305A (en) * 1942-10-26 1946-02-19 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Chemical manufacture
USRE23177E (en) * 1949-11-29 Cloth steamer
FR1182582A (fr) * 1955-09-24 1959-06-26 Appareil pour le traitement de textiles en pièces
US3085414A (en) * 1959-09-01 1963-04-16 Wendler Eberhard Device for the fluid treatment of running lengths of textile material
US3210967A (en) * 1962-12-12 1965-10-12 Apparatus for the continuous dyeing of wool with a dye liquor

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US3213470A (en) * 1960-12-06 1965-10-26 Asahi Chemical Ind Method for the continuous treatment of textile bundles with pressure steam

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE23177E (en) * 1949-11-29 Cloth steamer
FR758301A (fr) * 1932-07-14 1934-01-15 Perfectionnements aux procédés de blanchiment des textiles
US2395305A (en) * 1942-10-26 1946-02-19 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Chemical manufacture
FR1182582A (fr) * 1955-09-24 1959-06-26 Appareil pour le traitement de textiles en pièces
US3085414A (en) * 1959-09-01 1963-04-16 Wendler Eberhard Device for the fluid treatment of running lengths of textile material
US3210967A (en) * 1962-12-12 1965-10-12 Apparatus for the continuous dyeing of wool with a dye liquor

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3632301A (en) * 1965-06-10 1972-01-04 Meier Windhorst Christian A Process and apparatus for the fixing of dyes
US3529926A (en) * 1966-10-14 1970-09-22 Vepa Ag Process and apparatus for the continuous treatment of loose fibrous materials
US3965511A (en) * 1972-04-14 1976-06-29 Vepa Ag Process for continuous heat-setting and shrinking of synthetic fibers
US3899902A (en) * 1973-05-29 1975-08-19 Fulvio Conti Plant for steaming and fixing dyes at high or low temperature on printed or dyed fabrics
US4304109A (en) * 1978-06-02 1981-12-08 Sando Iron Works, Co. Ltd. Apparatus for fixing dyes printed on a cloth by wet heat treatment
US4520637A (en) * 1983-01-10 1985-06-04 Vepa Aktiengesellschaft Steaming device arranged in front of a synthetic fiber crimping installation for heating fibers traveling past such steaming device
US20140235419A1 (en) * 2013-02-15 2014-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company System and method for making pleated filter media
US9808753B2 (en) * 2013-02-15 2017-11-07 3M Innovative Properties Company System and method for making pleated filter media

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US3504999A (en) 1970-04-07
ES294765A1 (es) 1964-03-01
AT273027B (de) 1969-07-25

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