US3315652A

US3315652A - Cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US3315652A
Application number: US518306A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ries Erich; Muth Rolf
Original assignee: Motoren Werke Mannheim AG
Current assignee: Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Priority date: 1965-01-05
Filing date: 1966-01-03
Publication date: 1967-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 1984-04-25
Also published as: AT264926B; SE310961B; NL149257B; BE673846A; NL6514953A; GB1083951A; CH432127A; FR1460337A; DE1476397A1; DK112417B

Description

April 25, 1957 E. RIES ETAL 3,315,652

CYLINDER FOR A WATER-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. '5, 1966 United States Patent 6 7 Claims. or: 123-4131 This invention relates to a cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine, more especially a diesel engine having separate cylinder heads.

An object of the invention is to conduct the cooling water in such a way to those parts of the cylinder which require cooling that local overheating and supercooling and also vapour locks are avoided, and the cylinder is thus better able to withstand high thermal stresses without damage, more especially without cracking the cylinder head or carbonising the injection nozzle.

According to the present invention, there is provided a cylinder for a Water-cooled internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder body, portions of said body defining a substantially cylindrical working space therein, a hollow cylinder head at an upper end of said cylinder body, a base plate of said cylinder head bounding an upper end of said working space, portions of said cylinder body defining a cooling jacket chamber extending around said working space and to the region of said base plate for cooling said cylinder body with cooling water, portions of said base plate defining first and second transfer opening disposed to one side of the working space axis and extending through said base plate and in communication with said chamber for leading through said base plate cooling water from said chamber, other portions of said base plate defining an outlet valve port and an inlet valve port extending through said base plate and disposed to respective opposite sides of said axis, a tubular gas inlet duct and a tubular gas outlet duct of said cylinder head extending to the inlet valve port and the outlet valve port respectively and having their interiors in communication with the respective ports, portions of said inlet duct and said outlet duct defining a gap therebetween, portions of said cylinder head remote from said cylinder body defining an outlet opening to the side of said axis opposite to said one side for leading cooling water out of said cylinder head, a housing in said cylinder head in the region of the middle of said cylinder head for receiving an injection nozzle, first portions of said cylinder head defining first conduit means extending transversely of said axis and leading from said first transfer opening via the outside of said housing to said gap and thence to said outlet opening for conducting cooling water from said first transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said housing and thence to said outlet opening via said gap, second portions of said cylinder head defining second conduit means ex tending transversely of said axis and leading from said second transfer opening to said outlet opening via the outside of said outlet duct for conducting cooling water from said second transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said outlet duct and thence to said outlet opening, portions of said first portions of said cylinder head including portions of an upper major surface of said base plate defining in said cylinder head a first receiving chamber which covers about a quarter of the area of said major surface and into which opens the first transfer opening for receiving cooling water from said first transfer opening, portions of said second portions of said cylinder head including further portions of said major surface defining in said cylinder head a second receiving chamber which covers about a quarter of the ice area of said major surface and into which opens the second transfer opening for receiving cooling water from said second transfer opening, partition wall means separating said first receiving chamber from'said second receiving chamber, and further wall means of said cylinder head covering almost completely each of the receiving chambers and disposed in the region of the middle of the dimension of said cylinder head in a direction of said axis.

As a result of the cooling Water lbeing conducted into two receiving chambers which are separate one from the other, it is possible to obtain a correct distribution of the quantities of cooling water among the critical areas of the cylinder head, which are the base plate of the cylinder head, the housing, the gap between the gas inlet and outlet ducts, and outlet duct.

Because the receiving chambers are almost completely covered from above, it is primarily to the hot base plate of the cylinder head that the cooling water is supplied. However, because the receiving chambers are not completely covered, vapour bubbles are able to ascend and escape.

The gas outlet duct preferably extends through a location directly above the second receiving chamber. In this way, a very effective cooling of the duct is achieved.

The first receiving chamber is preferably covered by a transverse partition wall which extends in a plane perpendicular to the working space axis from radially outer boundary walls of the receiving chamber to the middle of the cylinder head, and which encircles the housing.

A uniform distribution of cooling water in the cooling jacket chamber is advantageously obtained by at least a third lateral transfer opening being disposed in the cylinder head base plate at the same side of the working space axis as the outlet opening, the cross-sectional area of the third opening being less than the total cross-sectional area of the first and second openings. The cooling water flows into the cooling jacket cham'ber from an inlet opening situated beneath the first and second transfer openings and at the lowest point of the chamber. The desired uniform flow of cooling water is obtained, despite the shorter travel from the inlet opening to the first transfer opening, by the fact that the first and second transfer openings lead to longer and more resistant flow paths in the cylinder head than does the third transfer opening.

The escape of vapour bubbles upwardly from the first receiving chamber is advantageously achieved by providing a clearance between the transverse partition wall and the nozzle or plug housing. This can also be achieved by forming the transverse partition wall with a vapourventing aperture, which is situated above the first transfer opening and of which the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the first transfer opening.

The discharge of vapour bubbles from the second receiving chamber is advantageously effected by a free gap being situated between a major part of the gas outlet duct and an adjacent outer wall of the cylinder head.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a vertical section taken on the line II in FIGURE 2 through a cylinder of a water-cooled diesel engine having separate cylinder heads, the section plane containing the axis of a cylindrical working space of the cylinder, and

FIGURE 2 shows a section taken on the line II-II of FIGURE 1.

Referring to the drawing, the cylinder consists of a cylinder body and a cylinder head disposed at an upper end of the cylinder body. The cylinder head comprises a base plate 1, a top plate 2,

side Walls

3, 4, 5 and 6, a tubular gas inlet duct 7 and a tubular gas outlet duct 8. The base plate 1 closes the upper end of a cylindrical working space in the cylinder body. The

gas ducts

7 and 8 communicate respectively with a valve inlet port and a valve outlet port disposed to respective opposite sides of the working space axis 9. Situated near the working pace axis 9 is an injection nozzle housing 10, which can accommodate a direct injection nozzle (not shown). However, if the engine were instead to be an Otto gas engine, the housing 111 would accommodate a sparking plug. Situated near the Wall 4 are a first transfer opening 11 and a second transfer opening 12 in the base plate 1 of the cylinder head. Near the opposite wall 6 are a third transfer opening 13 and an outlet opening 14. The openings 11 and 12 open into a first receiving chamber 15 and a second receiving chamber 16, respectively. The

chambers

15 and 16 are separated one from the other by a partition wall 17, which extends from the base plate 1 up to the outlet duct 8. Each

chamber

15 and 16 covers about a quarter of the area of the upper major surface of the base plate 1. The first receiving chamber 15 is covered from above by a transverse partition wall 18, which encircles the nozzle housing with clearance and which extends, up to the axis 9 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 9, between the

walls

3 and 4 and the outlet duct 8. The

walls

3 and 4 form the radially outer limits of the chamber 15. Formed in the transverse partition wall 18 is a vapour-venting aperture 19, which is above the opening 11. The cross-sectional area of the aperture 19 is less than that of the opening 11, advantageously in the ratio 1:10. The second receiving chamber 16 is so covered from above by the outlet duct 8 that there is a free gap 2@ between a major part of the outlet duct 8 and the adjacent outer wall 5. Extending across the gap between the

gas ducts

7 and 8 and situated in the region of the axis 9 is a Web-portion 21. A cooling jacket chamber 22 is defined by a sleeve 23 of the cylinder body and a cooling jacket 24 of the cylinder body and has an approximately annular section in planes perpendicular to the axis 9. It does not communicate with the cooling jacket chambers of the adjacent cylinders, but is merely provided with fresh cooling water through an inlet opening 25 from a distributing duct 26. The distributing duct 26 extends along the cylinder block and supplies the other cylinders in the same way.

The cooling water discharges from the opening 25, which is beneath the openings 11 and 12, into the chamber 22, where it forks to give a stream 27 flowing directly to the openings 11 and 12, and a stream 2? flowing around the sleeve 23 to the opening 13 and thence as a stream 29 to the outlet opening 1 The stream 27 flowing to the opening 11 branches in the chamber into streams 3t! and 31, which cool the corresponding part of the base plate 1, the nozzle housing 11 the web portion 21 and the adjoining wall of the outlet duct 8 and then flow via the outside of the inlet duct 7 to the outlet opening 14. Two

further streams

32 and 33 are branched off from the streams 311 and 31, the first through the aperture 19 and the second through the clearance between the transverse partition wall 18 and the nozzle housing 10, and they remove from the chamber 15 vapour bubbles which would interfere with the cooling action. A stream 34 branched from the stream 27 and passing through the opening 12 cools the base plate 1 and the outlet duct 8 in the region of the second receivchamber 16 and then flows via the outside of the inlet duct 7 to the outlet opening 14. In this Way, any vapour bubbles are able to escape upwardly through the gap 20. It is to be seen that the inlet duct, which does not require cooling but rather belongs to those parts of the cylinder head which are heated, is swept over near its upper end by the heated cooling water, while heat is supplied to its lower end from the hot base plate 1. As a consequence, all components of the cylinder head assume a fairly even temperature, this preventing heat cracks from being caused. Because the

streams

30, 31 and 3-4 meet greater flow resistance than does the stream 29, it is possible to produce a uniform cooling flow around the cylinder sleeve 23 in the form of the

streams

27 and 28. A too strong emphasising of the stream 28 is prevented by the total cross-sectional area of the openings 11 and 12 being greater than that of the opening 13. In this respect, a ratio of 8:1 has proved expedient.

We claim:

1. A cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder body, portions of said body defining a substantially cylindrical working space therein, a hollow cylinder head at an upper end of said cylinder body, a base plate of said cylinder head bounding an upper end of said working space, portions of said cylinder body defining a cooling jacket chamber extending around said working space and to the region of said base plate for cooling said cylinder body with cooling water, portions of said base plate defining first and second transfer openings disposed to one side of the working space axis and extending through said base plate and in communication with said chamber for leading through said base plate cooling water from said chamber, other portions of said base plate defining an outlet valve port and an inlet valve port extending through said base plate and disposed to respective opposite sides of said axis, a tubular gas inlet duct and a tubular gas outlet duct of said cylinder head extending to the inlet valve port and the outlet valve port respectively and having their interiors in communication with the respective ports, portions of said inlet duct and said outlet duct defining a gap therebetween, portions of said cylinder head remote from said cylinder body defining an outlet opening to the side of said axis opposite to said one side for leading cooling Water out of said cylinder head, a housing in said cylinder head in the region of the middle of said cylinder head for receiving an injection nozzle first portions of said cylinder head defining first conduit means extending transversely of said axis and leading from said first transfer opening via the outside of said housing to said gap and thence to said outlet opening for conducting cooling water from said first transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said housing and thence to said outlet opening via said gap, second portions of said cylinder head defining second conduit means extending transversely of said axis and leading from said second transfer opening to said outlet opening via the outside of said outlet duct for conducting cooling water from said second transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said outlet duct and thence to said outlet opening, portions of said first portions of said cylinder head including portions of an upper major surface of said base plate defining in said cylinder head a first receiving chamber which covers about a quarter of the area of said major surface and into which opens the first transfer opening for receiving cooling water from said first transfer opening, portions of said second portions of said cylinder head including further portions of said major surface defining in said cylinder head a second receiving chamber which covers about a quarter of the area of said major surface and into Which opens the second transfer opening for receiving cooling water from said second transfer opening, partition wall means separating said first receiving chamber from said second receiving chamber, and further Wall means of said cylinder head covering almost completely each of the receiving chambers and disposed in the region of the middle of the di- Lrnension of said cylinder head in a direction of said axis.

2. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said outlet duct extends through a location directly above said second receiving chamber.

3. A cylinder as claimed in claim 2, and further comprising an outer wall of said cylinder head adjacent to said outlet duct, and portions of said outer wall and of a major part of said outlet duct defining a gap therebetween forming part of said second conduit means.

4. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising radially outer boundary wall means of said first receiving chamber forming the radially outer limits of said first receiving chamber, said further wall means comprising a partition wall disposed directly above said second receiving chamber and extending, in a plane perpendicular to said axis, from said radially outer boundary wall means to the region of the middle of said cylinder head, and passing around said housing.

5. A cylinder as claimed in claim 4, and further comprising portions of said housing and of said partition wall defining a clearance therebetween.

6. A cylinder as claimed in claim 4, and further comprising portions of said partition Wall defining a vapourventing aperture disposed above said first transfer opening and of a cross-sectional area smaller than that of said first transfer opening.

7. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising further portions of said base plate defining a third transfer opening to the side of said axis opposite to said one side, said third transfer opening extending through said base plate and communicating with said cooling jacket chamber and being of a cross-sectional area less than the total cross-sectional area of said first and second transfer openings, and portions of said cylinder body defining a cooling water inlet opening into said cooling jacket chamber at a location beneath said first and second transfer openings and remote from said cylinder head.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,845,521 2/1932 Ross 12341.77 2,000,979 5/1935 Parkhill et al. 123-4177 2,493,532 1/1950 Foden et al. 12341.76 2,619,078 11/1952 Witzky et al.

2,785,664 3/1957 Goldsmith 123-4131 2,788,776 4/1957 Holt 123-4182 MARK NEWMAN, Primary Examiner.

A. L. SMITH, Assistant Examiner.

Claims

1. A CYLINDER FOR A WATER-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, COMPRISING A CYLINDER BODY, PORTIONS OF SAID BODY DEFINING A SUBSTANTIALLY CYLINDRICAL WORKING SPACE THEREIN, A HOLLOW CYLINDER HEAD AT AN UPPER END OF SAID CYLINDER BODY, A BASE PLATE OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD BOUNDING AN UPPER END OF SAID WORKING SPACE, PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER BODY DEFINING A COOLING JACKET CHAMBER EXTENDING AROUND SAID WORKING SPACE AND TO THE REGION OF SAID BASE PLATE FOR COOLING SAID CYLINDER BODY WITH COOLING WATER, PORTIONS OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING FIRST AND SECOND TRANSFER OPENINGS DISPOSED TO ONE SIDE OF THE WORKING SPACE AXIS AND EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE AND IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID CHAMBER FOR LEADING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE COOLING WATER FROM SAID CHAMBER, OTHER PORTIONS OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING AN OUTLET VALVE PORT AND AN INLET VALVE PORT EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE AND DISPOSED TO RESPECTIVE OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID AXIS, A TUBULAR GAS INLET DUCT AND A TUBULAR GAS OUTLET DUCT OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD EXTENDING TO THE INLET VALVE PORT AND THE OUTLET VALVE PORT RESPECTIVELY AND HAVING THEIR INTERIORS IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE RESPECTIVE PORTS, PORTIONS OF SAID INLET DUCT AND SAID OUTLET DUCT DEFINING A GAP THEREBETWEEN, PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD REMOTE FROM SAID CYLINDER BODY DEFINING AN OUTLET OPENING TO THE SIDE OF SAID AXIS OPPOSITE TO SAID ONE SIDE FOR LEADING COOLING WATER OUT OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD, A HOUSING IN SAID CYLINDER HEAD IN THE REGION OF THE MIDDLE OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD FOR RECEIVING AN INJECTION NOZZLE FIRST PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD DEFINING FIRST CONDUIT MEANS EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OF SAID AXIS AND LEADING FROM SAID FIRST TRANSFER OPENING VIA THE OUTSIDE OF SAID HOUSING TO SAID GAP AND THENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING FOR CONDUCTING COOLING WATER FROM SAID FIRST TRANSFER OPENING INTO HEAT-EXCHANGE CONTACT WITH SAID HOUSING AND THENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING VIA SAID GAP, SECOND PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD DEFINING SECOND CONDUIT MEANS EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OF SAID AXIS AND LEADING FROM SAID SECOND TRANSFER OPENING TO SAID OUTLET OPENING VIA THE OUTSIDE OF SAID OUTLET DUCT FOR CONDUCTING COOLING WATER FROM SAID SECOND TRANSFER OPENING INTO HEAT-EXCHANGE CONTACT WITH SAID OUTLET DUCT AND THENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING, PORTIONS OF SAID FIRST PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD INCLUDING PORTIONS OF AN UPPER MAJOR SURFACE OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING IN SAID CYLINDER HEAD A FIRST RECEIVING CHAMBER WHICH COVERS ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE AREA OF SAID MAJOR SURFACE AND INTO WHICH OPENS THE FIRST TRANSFER OPENING FOR RECEIVING COOLING WATER FROM SAID FIRST TRANSFER OPENING, PORTIONS OF SAID SECOND PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD INCLUDING FURTHER PORTIONS OF SAID MAJOR SURFACE DEFINING IN SAID CYLINDER HEAD A SECOND RECEIVING CHAMBER WHICH COVERS ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE AREA OF SAID MAJOR SURFACE AND INTO WHICH OPENS THE SECOND TRANSFER OPENING FOR RECEIVING COOLING WATER FROM SAID SECOND TRANSFER OPENING, PARTITION WALL MEANS SEPARATING SAID FIRST RECEIVING CHAMBER FROM SAID SECOND RECEIVING CHAMBER, AND FURTHER WALL MEANS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD COVERING ALMOST COMPLETELY EACH OF THE RECEIVING CHAMBERS AND DISPOSED IN THE REGION OF THE MIDDLE OF THE DIMENSION OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD IN A DIRECTION OF SAID AXIS.