US3307370A - Cooling device for helium - Google Patents

Cooling device for helium Download PDF

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Publication number
US3307370A
US3307370A US477915A US47791565A US3307370A US 3307370 A US3307370 A US 3307370A US 477915 A US477915 A US 477915A US 47791565 A US47791565 A US 47791565A US 3307370 A US3307370 A US 3307370A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cryostat
gas
continuous flow
compressor
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US477915A
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English (en)
Inventor
Klipping Gustav
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Original Assignee
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3307370A publication Critical patent/US3307370A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/028—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the volume as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/038—Refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors

Definitions

  • a refrigerator is understood to mean a continuously operating refrigerating plant for producing low temperatures in the range of 2.5 to 30 K.
  • a plant has as a particular characteristic thereof that the liquid vapor mixture (e.g., hydrogen or helium) collecting downstream from the expansion valve is fed in its entirety to the consumer or cryostat, and that the cold gas obtained in the consumer is refed, in accordance with its temperature, into the low pressure portion of one of the lower counter-current heat exchangers in the liquefying device.
  • the liquid vapor mixture e.g., hydrogen or helium
  • the advantage of this cryogenic system resides in the higher refrigerating power of the plant produced with the same mechanical power as employed for a liquefying device.
  • the consumer utilizes not only the evaporation energy of the liquid refrigerating medium, but also the enthalpy of the cold gas resulting from the temperature difference when entering and exiting from the consumer.
  • the further refrigeration power in the gas is almost completely utilized in the liquefying device by means of the cold gas recycling process.
  • refrigerators are employed most advantageously in cases where large amounts of refrigeration energy are required and where continuous operation is indispensable.
  • refrigerators for small amounts of refrigeration energy at higher temperature for example, 1 w. at 20 K., for the cooling of amplifier elements.
  • a disadvantage of known refrigerators is that they have little flexibility with respect to the operating conditions, e. g., temperature and refrigeration energy.
  • the inlet wherein the cold gas is refed into the liquefying device is selected in such a manner that the temperature in the liquefying. device at this inlet corresponds to the temperature of the returning gas.
  • Certain variations may be obtained by providing several inlets in the liquefying device which can be used selectively.
  • the construction of the countercurrent heat exchangers must be adapted to accommodate the quantity of cold gas produced in the consumer. This means that a refrigerator in each case must be adapted for the particular operating conditions.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of thermostatically operating valves for regulating the flow to and from the consumer whereby a desired temperature is maintained within the consumer.
  • a further object is to provide a high efficiency refrigerator system for temperatures below 42 K. wherein the need for auxiliary refrigerant in the consumer is eliminated.
  • this invention provides a thermostatically operated valve in the liquid refrigerant supply line for regulating the flow of the liquid refrigerant from the liquefying device to the consumer, which is a continuous flow cryostat, in accordance with the temperature at a selected point within the continuous flow cryostat.
  • the thermostatically operated valve is preferably located at the inlet of the supply line in the sump of the liquefying device.
  • a vacuum pump for removing the gas from the continuous flow cryostat is connected to the continuous flow cryostat via another thermostatically operated valve which is also controlled in accordance with the temperature at a selected point within the continuous flow cryostat.
  • the refrigerator is first cooled down by feeding gaseous helium from the gas supply 14 via the gas buffer 10 and the compressor 1 into the liquefying device wherein the helium is liquefied.
  • the liquid control Valve 4 is opened with the vacuum pump 9 operating and liquid helium is conducted via the throttle path 5 into the continuous flow cryostat 6 where it evaporates under normal pressure or under reduced pressure, thereby effecting the desired cooling to the desired temperature.
  • a vacuum pump connected between said continuous flow cryostat and said compressor for pumping the gas from said cryostat to said compressor
  • second thermostatically controlled valve means for regulating the flow of the gas between said continuous flow cryostat and said vacuum pump in response to the temperature at a point within said cryostat.
  • a first fluid conveying means connected between said liquefier and said continuous flow cryostat;
  • first fluid conveying means having an inlet in said sump connected between said liquefier means and said continuous flow cryostat, said first fluid conveying means providing a throttle path wherein a reduction in pressure is produced between said liquefier means and said cryostat;
  • first thermostatically controlled valve means provided at the inlet of said first fluid conveying means for regulating the flow of said liquid helium through said first fluid conveying means in response to said temperature sensing means;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
US477915A 1964-08-06 1965-08-06 Cooling device for helium Expired - Lifetime US3307370A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM0062017 1964-08-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3307370A true US3307370A (en) 1967-03-07

Family

ID=7310324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US477915A Expired - Lifetime US3307370A (en) 1964-08-06 1965-08-06 Cooling device for helium

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3307370A (de)
BE (1) BE668022A (de)
CH (1) CH443373A (de)
DE (1) DE1426986A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1061910A (de)
NL (1) NL6507927A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398549A (en) * 1967-02-03 1968-08-27 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Apparatus for regulating at low temperatures
US3413819A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-12-03 Hughes Aircraft Co Flow rate control for a joule-thomson refrigerator
US3516429A (en) * 1967-04-12 1970-06-23 Sartorius Werke Gmbh System for automatic control of gas pressure
US5293750A (en) * 1991-11-27 1994-03-15 Osaka Gas Company Limited Control system for liquefied gas container
US5499505A (en) * 1993-07-23 1996-03-19 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Helium refrigerator with compressor drive control
US20130232999A1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cryopump system, and method of operating the same, and compressor unit
WO2014094070A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd System and method for refuelling a compressed gas pressure vessel using a thermally coupled nozzle
CN106979638A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-25 上海理工大学 汽车空调蒸发器除霜装置
US20170370638A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Universidad De Zaragoza System and method for improving the liquefaction rate in cryocooler-based cryogen gas liquifiers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH644442A5 (de) * 1980-04-29 1984-07-31 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum erzeugen von kaelte.
US7263839B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2007-09-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cooling device for MR apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162716A (en) * 1962-10-15 1964-12-22 Garrett Corp Super conductor-power transmission system
US3200613A (en) * 1963-01-02 1965-08-17 Martin Marietta Corp Cryogenic refrigerating method and apparatus
US3250079A (en) * 1965-03-15 1966-05-10 Little Inc A Cryogenic liquefying-refrigerating method and apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162716A (en) * 1962-10-15 1964-12-22 Garrett Corp Super conductor-power transmission system
US3200613A (en) * 1963-01-02 1965-08-17 Martin Marietta Corp Cryogenic refrigerating method and apparatus
US3250079A (en) * 1965-03-15 1966-05-10 Little Inc A Cryogenic liquefying-refrigerating method and apparatus

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413819A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-12-03 Hughes Aircraft Co Flow rate control for a joule-thomson refrigerator
US3398549A (en) * 1967-02-03 1968-08-27 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Apparatus for regulating at low temperatures
US3516429A (en) * 1967-04-12 1970-06-23 Sartorius Werke Gmbh System for automatic control of gas pressure
US5293750A (en) * 1991-11-27 1994-03-15 Osaka Gas Company Limited Control system for liquefied gas container
US5499505A (en) * 1993-07-23 1996-03-19 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Helium refrigerator with compressor drive control
US9480934B2 (en) * 2012-03-07 2016-11-01 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cryopump system, and method of operating the same, and compressor unit
US20130232999A1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cryopump system, and method of operating the same, and compressor unit
WO2014094070A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd System and method for refuelling a compressed gas pressure vessel using a thermally coupled nozzle
US20150345706A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2015-12-03 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd. System and method for refueling a compressed gas pressure vessel using a thermally coupled nozzle
AU2013362826B2 (en) * 2012-12-20 2017-01-05 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd System and method for refuelling a compressed gas pressure vessel using a thermally coupled nozzle
US10132447B2 (en) * 2012-12-20 2018-11-20 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd System and method for refueling a compressed gas pressure vessel using a thermally coupled nozzle
EA032265B1 (ru) * 2012-12-20 2019-05-31 Мозаик Текнолоджи Девелопмент Пти Лтд Система и способ заправки сосуда высокого давления с компримированным газом с использованием теплового сопла
US20170370638A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Universidad De Zaragoza System and method for improving the liquefaction rate in cryocooler-based cryogen gas liquifiers
CN107906844A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2018-04-13 萨拉戈萨大学 用于提高基于制冷机的致冷剂气体液化器中的液化速率的***和方法
CN106979638A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-25 上海理工大学 汽车空调蒸发器除霜装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH443373A (de) 1967-09-15
NL6507927A (de) 1966-02-07
DE1426986A1 (de) 1969-05-29
GB1061910A (en) 1967-03-15
BE668022A (de) 1965-12-01

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